浙江省临安市高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解练习（二）.doc

浙江临安市2017高考英语一轮阅读理解练习（二）阅读理解训练 (2015安徽)there are an extremely large number of ants worldwide.each individual (个体的) ant hardly weighs anything，but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind.they also live nearly everywhere，except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.for animals their size，ants have been astonishingly successful，largely due to their wonderful social behavior.in colonies (群体) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions，they organize their lives with a clear division of labor.even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization.where we use sound and sight to communicate，ants depend primarily on pheromones (外激素)，chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony.when an ant finds food，it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is.when an individual ant comes under attack or is dying，it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.in fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants have no equal.they are completely fearless and will readily take_on a creature much larger than themselves，attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.behaving in this selfless and devoted manner，these little creatures have survived on earth for more than 140 million years，far longer than dinosaurs.because they think as one，they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.文章大意：文章主要讲的是蚂蚁。单个的蚂蚁显得微不足道，但成群结队的蚂蚁却蕴含着巨大的力量。蚂蚁的数量之众，加起来可以与人类的重量相媲美。蚂蚁分布极为广泛，除了寒冷的山顶和两极地区，几乎到处都有它们的踪影。12we can learn from the passage that ants are _.anot willing to share foodbnot found around the polescmore successful than all other animalsdtoo many to achieve any level of organization答案：b细节理解题。根据第一段“they also live nearly everywhere，except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.”可知答案，结冰的山顶和两极没有蚂蚁。13ants can use pheromones for _.aescapebcommunicationcwarning enemiesdarranging labor答案：b细节理解题。根据第二段“where we use sound and sight to communicate，ants depend primarily on pheromones(外激素)”可知，我们使用声音和视觉来交流，而蚂蚁却使用外激素。14what does the underlined expression “take on” in paragraph 3 mean? aaccept.bemploy.cplay with.dfight against.答案：d词义猜测题。根据“attacking in large groups and overcoming their target”可知，这里指与比自己大的敌人战斗。15which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants? atheir behavior.btheir size.ctheir number.dtheir weight.答案：a推理判断题。根据第一段“largely due to their wonderful social behavior”和最后一段“behaving in this selfless and devoted manner，.they think as one，they have a collective(集体的)intelligence greater”可知，蚂蚁之所以能够存活下来，是因为它们的社会行为。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。 (the program-federal government helps minority business) federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960s when the small business administration (sba) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. while this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts. recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. in this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. the capital is used by a participating company to establish a minority enterprise small businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring company. mesbics are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize mesbics far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. mesbics are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises. ironically, mesbic staffs, which usually consist of hispanic and black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many mesbic directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. the latter often still think mainly in terms of the social responsibility approach and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. these staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of mesbics and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course if followed, mesbic directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original sba approach.1.which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?a the use of mesbics for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original sba approach.there is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some mesbics.c after initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate.d minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.2.according to the passage, the mesbic approach differ s from the sba approach in that mesbics a seek federal contracts to provide market for minority businesses.encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses.c attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.d rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.3.which of the following statements about the sba program can be inferred from the passage?a the maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.c the anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the rate that actually resulted.d recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.4.the author refers to the financial and operating problems encountered by mesbics primarily in order toa broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal considerations of funding mesbics through sponsoring companies.call attention to the fact that mesbics must receive adequate funding in order to function effectively.c show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original mesbics.d compare sba and mesbic limits on minimum funding.5.it can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some mesbic staff member toward the investments preferred by some mesbic directors can be best described asa disappointing.indifferent.c shocked.d defensive.vocabulary1.implement 执行，履行2.growth-oriented 增长潜力的，有发展性的3.intermediary company 中介公司，中间公司4.venture capital 风险资本5.entrepreneur 企业家，创业者6.fluctuation 波动，涨落，起伏7.pragmatically 实用地难句译注1. even 15 years after the program was implemented minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts.【参考译文】甚至在这个计划执行后15年，少数民族工业的收入还不到全国总收入的2。2. recently federal policy makers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the supporting large, growth oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.【参考译文】最近，联邦决策者采取一项措施，旨在加速少数民族工商业的发展，他们不再直接帮助小型的少数民族企业，而是转向通过中间公司来支持规模较大、有发展潜力的少数民族公司。3. by making use of government-sponsored venture capital.利用政府资助的风险资本。4. the mesbic then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.【参考译文】然后再由mesbic向那些少数民族企业提供资金、进行指导。这些企业是有成为赞助公司的未来供应商或客户的潜力的。5. mesbic minority enterprise small business investment company 少数民族小型企业投资公司。6. mesbics are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.【参考译文】mesbic的建立基于这种信念：为已建公司提供方便，使它更容易获得相关的管理技术更具体的工作经验以及大笔资金要比简单地给予一般管理经验和小笔资金更能使它们获得机会去建立稳固的商业基础。7. the latter often still think mainly in terms of the social responsibility approach and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant.【参考译文】后者高级经理们在有大多数情况下，仍然常常从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，因此，他们似乎更倾向于选择那些比正常投资标准更具风险性，而不太引人注目的项目。写作方法与文章大意 文章主要采用因果以及对比的写作方法。先点出sba计划联邦政府对少数民族去也的赞助（）的失败及其原因。 为此，联邦决策者改变方法，通过中介公司，建立mesbic。由它来帮助少数民族企业使其获得相应的管理技术、具体工作经验和大量资金，甚至潜在的市场取得了成功。 可内部存在问题，mesbic的职工和领导者之间的意见分歧，职工的投资观点更切实际，而领导者仍从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，若不改变，有可能重蹈sba之覆辙。答案详解1. a 运用mesbic来帮助少数民族企业似乎比原来sba的方法更具成功的可能性。文章一开始就点名sba（小型企业管理局）向少数民族企业提供联邦保证贷款，政府资助管理和技术方面的帮助，结果令人失望。组建成的少数民族新企业由于管理上缺乏经验、地点不佳、资金短缺而导致失败的情况很多。其他见难句译注1、2、3。总之在mesbic支持下：为它的潜在市场提供大量资金等，使它们在地点和市场流通方面风险小的多，从而带来足够的收入和保持所需的管理质量。这一切都说明mesbic比sba的成功可能性大。b.mesbic中的领导者和职工方面在观点上有着至关重要的分歧。c.经历了早期管理和市场问题后，少数民族企业已开始稳步发展。d.希望组建新公司的少数民族企业家已有好几个成功的联邦计划可依靠。2. d 依靠打工四向少数民族企业投资。见第二段第二句：大公司利用政府资助的风险资本参与成功而又稳固的少数民族企业的发展。参与的大公司用这笔资金建立了“少数民族小型企业投资公司”（mesbic）a.寻求为少数民族企业提供市场联邦合同。b.鼓励少数民族企业为其他少数民族企业提供市场。c.试图在少数民族部门保持特定的增长率。3. c 预期加入sba项目中的公司的失败率比实际失败率低得多。文内没有直接点出，而是从（见第一题注释）sba帮助的企业失败率很高令人失望，从而推断c项结论。a.给企业贷款最高期限为15年。b.商业贷款对企业来说远笔管理和技术帮助重要。d.鼓励接受贷款企业重新寻找利于企业发展的地区。4. b 为的是引人注意这一实际情况：mesbic必须取得足够的资金才能有效地运转。这在第三段最后一句：在经历了早期财政和运行问题后，赞助公司给mesbic注入的资金远远超过了50万美元的法定最低限额，以获得足够的收入并保持所需的管理质量。mesbic现在正成为日益重要的少数民族企业的资金来源。这说明没有足够的资金是难以有效运转的。a.扩大讨论范围以包括通过赞助公司投资mesbic的合理性。c.表明赞助公司愿意在原来的mesbic只投资50万政府资助的风险资本。d.对比sba和mesbic最低投资限额。5. a 失望。文章最后一段mesbic的职工一般是拉美和黑人专业人员在少数民族公司的投资上比mebsic的领导者更切实际。这些高级经理从社会责任角度看问题，会选择更具风险性，不太吸引人的项目。观点分歧使许多少数民族职工感到不安，他们认为应以公司的业务爆出来评价少数民族企业家及其企业。者充分说明mebsic的职工对领导所青睐的投资项目不满意和失望。b.漠不关心。c.震惊。d.持保留态度。【山东省2014仿真模拟冲刺卷】dfor those who make journeys across the world，the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villagesdistances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to villagejet plane fly people from one end of the earth to the other，allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years agoyet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too fara price has been paid，they say，for the conquest （征服） of time and distancetravel is something to be enjoyed，not endured （忍受）the boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journeya journey by train also has a special charm about itlakes and forests and wild，open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothingon board a plane，however，there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow window of the airplanethe soft lighting，in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know，and the hours progress slowly then there is the time spent being “processed” at a modern airportpeople are conveyed like robots along walkways；baggage is weighed，tickets produced，examined and produced yet again before the passenger move again to another waiting areajourneys by rail and sea take longer，yes，but the hours devoted to being “processed” at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absentno wonder，then，that the modern high-speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlinesman，however，is now a world traveler and can not turn his back on the airplanethe working lives of too many people depend upon it；whole new industries have been built around its design and operationthe holiday maker，too，with limited time to spend，patiently endures the busy airports and limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days，relaxing in the sunspeed controls peoples lives；time saved，in work or play，is the important thingor so we are toldperhaps those first horsemen，riding free across the wild，open plains，were enjoying a better world than the one we know todaythey could travel at will，and the clock was not their master56what does the writer try to express in paragraph1? atravel by plane has speeded up the growth of villagesbthe speed of modern travel has made distances relatively shortcthe freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreamsdman has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place57how does the writer support the underlined statement in paragraph2? aby giving instructionsbby analyzing cause and effectcby following the order of timedby giving examples58according to paragraph3，passengers are turning back to modern high-speed trains because_athey pay less for the tickets bthey feel safer during the travelcthey can enjoy higher speed of travel dthey dont have to waste time being “processed” 59what does the last sentence of the passage mean? athey could enjoy free and relaxing travel bthey needed the clock to tell the timecthey preferred traveling on horseback dthey could travel with their master60what is the main idea of the passage? aair travel benefits people and industriesbtrain travel has some advantages over air travelcgreat changes have taken place in modern traveldthe high speed of air travel is gained at a cost【参考答案】56-60 bddad 【山东省2014仿真模拟冲刺卷】emy sister jodie and i are always traveling for workas jewelry designers, we need to go to a lot of showswe cant pack lightly and usually bring about four suitcases filled with our workmost of our stuff is made from heavy materials and metalsso part of the routine for us when we fly is getting stopped by securityour jewelry sets off the alarms, and weve become accustomed to arriving early to go through private screeningsmost of the time, its not troublesomehowever, on our recent trip to a paris trade show, we were stopped at security and asked to empty our bagsone of the agents walked over to another agent and they started whispering to each otherboth gentlemen came back, and one of them then told us that it seemed that we were carrying a very dangerous objectmy sister and i just said, “huh?” of course, we were a little concerned, thinking that maybe someone put something dangerous in one of our bags when we werent lookingone of the agents then started to unpack our bagsi kept asking what he was looking for and then the object in question finally appearedit was our cosima necklaceits a piece of jewelry, with large, metal triangular spikesmy sister and i looked at each other and breathed a huge sigh of reliefwe s