跨文化交际教案.doc

Unit 1 Language and Culture in CommunicationTeaching material analysisThe teaching material is Unit1 from Cross-cultural Communication editted by Gu Yueguo. In this unit, there are altogether 5 activities and a warm up part, which introduces basics of communication, models of communication, meanings in communication, communication in social situations and effective cross-cultural communication. In each activity, there are some tasks to support it.Teaching aimsBy the end of this unit, students will be able to l Know the scope of communication and the essential elements and types of communication;l Design a model for cross-cultural cultural communication ; l Understand a variety of meanings in communication; l Be aware of communication in social situations; l Reflect on conditions of effective speaker and listener in communication Teaching difficult points and teaching important points:l understand the basics of Communication l design a model for cross-cultural cultural communication l understand a variety of meanings in communication l distinguish types of communication l reflect on conditions of effective speaker and listener in communication Teaching aid:Multimedia devicesTeaching procedure:Step1 Warming upTask1: PresentationCommunication is something we do every day. It takes place so naturally that we simply fail to notice it until it hiccups or breaks down. Though it is commonplace, it is no exaggeration to say that communication is life and life is communication.Task2 Listen to the dialogues to fill in the blanks in the tables from P5-P6 to know the importance of communication.Step2 To know the basics of communicationTask 1 ：Discover Scope of CommunicationTick the item that you think can be a candidate.交际（ ） 交流（ ） 沟通（ ） 传播（ ）通信（ ） 交通（ ） 传理（ ）Probably some of you have ticked the first，others the second，and still others the first three and so onIn mainland China，a11 but the last are used to translate the wordIn Hong Kong, the last is also usedIn the United States, communication Association of Communication has its membership of over five thousandIn what follows I would like to invite you to discover the scope of communication by yourself. A simple and ordinary case of communication is an instance of two people talking with each otherThere are many other cases which we would like to label as instances of communicationTask2: Read and classify the instances of communication into four groups(a)the best example，(b) good example，(c) yes，but not good，(d) non-communicationNote： Instances of CommunicationSituationsYes/NoBestGoodNot GoodNo1. An orator delivers a speech to a large gathering.2. You complain to your instructor about your course credits through telephone. 3. You send an e-mail message to an American friend.4. Jane lies in bed reading a novel.5. Two blind people exchange ideas in Braille.6. A German businessman negotiates, through an interpreter, with his Chinese counterpart.7. A mother talks to her 3-month-old baby.8. A farmer gives instructions to his plowing cow.9. A programmer issues commands to a computer.10. Tom talks to himself while flourishing his toy gun.11. An archaeologist is deciphering a mysterious sign on the recently unearthed pot.12. American scientists have sent meaningful radio signals to the universe, hoping to receive a reply someday in the future.13. An Arabic traveler talks to you in Arabic that is Greek to you. 14. A hen clucks to her chicks.15. My washing machine receives commands from the built-in computer.Task3. What are the basic and essential elements in communication?Communication occurs if:1. There are at least two or more people;2. There must be some contact between communicators;3. There must be a language shared by communicators;4. An exchange of information has taken place.Types of communication:1. human communication2. animal communication3. human-animal communication4. human-machine communication5. machine-to-machine communicationStep 3 Models of communicationTask 1 Analyze Communication-Model 1Communication experts enjoy designing various models for communication. The following is one of the most influential ones in communication theory.Source of encoder code channel decoder retrieval of Information After analyzing communication model 1, students are asked to write a communication model for telephoning.Task 2 Design a Model of Human Communication Model 2The following picture shows the model for human communication. Please use a concrete example to illustrate it. .Task 3 Design a model for cross-cultural communication-model 3Chinese language & cultureChinese speakerChinese competence communicative skills & English competence communicative skillsMessge in English Message in ChineseEnglish language culturePlease put these items in the right order and show a model of cross-cultural communicationStep4 Meanings in communicationTask1 Presentation:Teacher explain，“Locutionary act, illocutionary act per-locutionary act”to the students meanwhile explain the utterance meaning, speakers meaning and hearers meaning to the students.Utterance meaning is what it normally means. The speakers meaning refers to the meaning the speaker has intended to convey by way of utterance meaning while hearers meaning refers to the meaning the hearer has understood on the basis of the utterance meaning. According to the passage on P22- P23, please find the relevant utterance meaning, speakers meaning and hearers meaning for “How long is she going to stay?”Task2 Listen to a public lecture on meanings in communicationListen for specific information1. Words do not mean_. It is language users who _. In other words, what a word or an object means to us is actually_. Human interpretation relies on_.2. Conventional meaning is of_. They are _and_.3. In cross-cultural communicatio, we should be very careful about_words have.4. Speakers meaning is close to _ and hearers meaning is related to _.Listen and answer the following questions:1. How the chairman opens the seminar and presents the speaker?2. How the speaker organises his lecture?3. How the speaker highlights his most important message?4. How the speaker signals his switch from one section to another?5. How the speaker shows his modesty and protects himself against ignorance?Step4 Communiccation in social situationsTask 1 Being Aware of Mutual Monitoring Process in a Social SituationYou are walking on your school campus. You see a foreigner whom you do not know coming towards you, and the foreigner also notices you. What would you do?When you are alone with no one else being present, you com do anything you like, because you are not in a social situation. Once another person joins you, or even comes close enough that you two can see other, your behaviour is affected by his or her presence. Now imagine you are in Situations A and B.You are walking on your school campus. You see a stranger coming towards you, and the stranger also notices you. What would you do?Situation BSituation ATask 2 Being Aware of Different Definitions of a Social SituationA social situation may receive two definitions. One is given by the community, and the other by the participants. The community definition of a social situation is a sort of official definition, of official interpretation of the situation, such as a social situation of meeting, a social situation of classroom teaching, etc.Task 3 Recognizing Goals in a Social SituationA goal is a purpose you want to achieve by doing something. It is often expressed in a sentence like.X does such and suchin order toThe phrase in order to spells out the goal pursued by X through doing such and such, For example, John goes to a department store in order to buy a gift for his son . That is , the goal or purpose of john going to a department store is to buy a gift for his son.Now use the same sentence structure to analyze the goals in the following situations.1. Jane went to the university clinic .2. Dick is going to the library .3. Xiao Li puts on his best clothes .4. George drove to a nearby casino .5. I bought a newspaper .6. We had a party last night . 7. Ken stopped at a petrol station .Task 4： Being Aware of Situational SchemaWhen you join a social gathering, you must be aware of rules and procedures that govern the way things are going to proceed. There is a technical term for such rules and procedures schema (its plural schemata or schemas). It can be demonstrated by a situation of entertaining a guest at home. Here is again a true story reported by my friend Litz. She invited her Chinese students home for an evening party. (Can you recall who Litz is? She is a professor of cross cultural communication in a university in Finland.)The schema from Litzs point of view includes the following:1. Giving invitation: take their overcoats coffee/tea by telephone introduce guestsby mail offer them drinks Post dinner activitie：make them com-chat 2. Prepare everything be- fortable play music for the arrival of offering more drinks to guests3. Serving food: set the table Seeing guests off:4. Receiving guests: soup first thank them for open the door main course coming express welcome desert good night fruit/cakes Task5. Being A ware of Different ValuesRead the dialogue below and answer the following questions.Litzs evening party was not very successful, because she was upset by one of her guests. Here was the initial conversation between Litz and Lin:Litz: (opens the door) Oh, Lin, how nice you could come!Lin: Its not difficult to find your house.Litz: Come on in.Lin: (comes in) Litz: Can I take your coat?Lin: No. thanks.Litz: Ok, this way please.Lin: (takes off her coat and hangs it)Question: Litz was hurt. Can you tell me why she was hurt?Task 6 Being Aware of Non-verbal Signals That Accompany Verbal CommunicationIn face to- face communication non- verbal signals are just as important as verbal message. Sometimes non-verbal signals play a more decisive role than verbal message in determining communicative effects. For example, whether what you say is a joke or an insult depends on the facial expression and tone that accompany what you say. We shall have a separate unit on non verbal communication (see Unit 6).For the moment let us concentrate on those non verbal signals that accompany verbal communication. They include:gestures spatial position head movements and other body contact body movements orientation posture orientation facial expressions ( length of clothesglances, amount of eye body adornmentopening, pupil expansion) direction of gaze prosodic features (speed, proximity loudness, voice quality)Match the non-verbal signals with the verbal message.Verbal Message Accompanying Non-verbal Signals1. promise a. sign of the cross2. warn b. point 3. order c. slight bow4.congratulate d. shrug5. permit e. tsk, tsk, tsk6. condole f. glare7. reprimand g. head nod8. consent h. silence9.apologise i. handshake, kiss10.approve j. raise right fist in the left hand 11. concede k. shake head12. thank l. smile13. censure m. stand up14. dismiss n. frown15. deny o. winkStep 5 Effective Cross-cultural CommunicationsTask 1：Reflecting on What We Have Been DoingWe have talked quite a lot about communication:Types of communication: human communication, animal communication, human-animal communication, human-machine communication, and machine-to-machine communication. Communication can also be divided into direct communication vs. indirect communication, face-to-face communication and distance communication such as our distance learning which is carried out through distance communication.Important goal in cross-cultural communiction: improve cross-cultural communication. To improve it means to increase our chances of success. We can never be sure that our communication is a successful one. This does not mean that we cannot improve our chances of success. On the contrary we can do many things towards this goal. Task2 Diagnose and improvementThere are some anecdotes of cross-cultural communication. Please help to improve it on P40-43Task3 Case StudyPlease try to use an example from your daily life to draw a conclusion about cross-cultural communication.Homework Diagnosing Problems in Cross-cultural Communication with some examplesQuestion: Would you please analyze the saying “Watch out” with the three meanings in communication?Unit 2 Culture ShockTeaching material analysisThe teaching material is the second unit of the book Culture Shock Communication written by Gu Yueguo. This unit talks about different cultures in different places and the adjustment to new cultural environment.The analysis of learnersStudents already have grasped language knowledge of English. They are curious about western cultures and puzzled about the differences between western culture and Chinese culture.Teaching aimsBy the end of this unit, students will be able to:l Understand cross-cultural differences in approaches to hospitality and politeness;l Appreciate how differences in cultural values shape behavior;l Identify and avoid taboo subjects in Western cultures;l Avoid pitfalls in cross-cultural communication;l Adjust more smoothly to a new cultural environment.Teaching important pointsUnderstand cross-cultural differences in approaches to hospitality and politeness.Know how to avoid misunderstanding during conversation in certain cultural context.Teaching difficultiesKnow how to avoid misunderstanding during conversation in certain cultural context.Teaching proceduresStep 1. Warming up Activity1: ListeningListen to the conversation of a group of foreigners who have been working in China for a few months. They meet to celebrate Christmas. After dinner they are sitting back discussing their experiences of living in China.Step2. Cultural differencesActivity1. HospitalityTask1: Too much.Listen to the same conversation again. This time concentrate on Lisas problems when she visited Chinese family. Then answer the following questions.1. What did she really mean when she said They were really hospitable, if anything too hospitable.?2. When she said But I think that was a big mistake, what was the mistake?3. What is a sea slug? Why did she call it horrible stuff?4. How did she feel when she was totally bloated?Task2: .or too little?Read the following story told by a Chinese student in Britain about her first invitation to have dinner in an English family. Then answer the questions which follow.Questions:1. Why was the Chinese student so disappointed?2. What is stew?3. Do you think British people are inhospitable?Task3: Listening-Identifying problems when East meets WestTry to put yourself in the shoes of Wang Ming. He has invited a foreign friend, Lisa, to his home for a meal. Unfortunately, as you listen to the tape, the occasion gets off to a rather bumpy start. Please find out what went wrong. Listen again and answer the following questions.1. What remarks made by Wang shortly after Lisas arrival seemed to surprise her? How did she react?2. Did Lisa think the meal unusual?Task4: Avoiding misunderstandingNow, try to act out the conversation between Wang Ming and Lisa, avoiding such misunderstanding and embarrassment as much as possible. Make that you use appropriate English and explains customs which may be unfamiliar to foreign visitors.Activity2: PolitenessTask1: SkimmingThe following is a report on Chinese students view on Western hospitality. Read it for the main ideas and try to choose the best title for the piece from the four listed below:A. Impolite and Over-politeB. Inhospitable WesternersC. Culture ShockD. The Results of a Study of 94 Students(The correct answer is A)Task2: Close ReadingThen read for details by answering the questions.1. How many categories do the incidents fall into?2. Can you name the categories? Give a phrase to describe each.3. What does Categories 1 and 2 are really mirror images of each other mean?4. What interpretations did the students offer to explain why the foreigners behaved the way they did?Task3: You tryNow read the following two dialogues and figure out the different meanings of the same sentence Are you hungry? Task4: Completing a textChoose the right words from the vocabulary list to fill in each of the blanks.constrain restrictmoralitydistinguishrelativelyvaguelyexceptionalspecificper