湖北省红安县高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解选练（二）.doc

湖北红安县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮选练（二）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。decision- making under stressa new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequences of a decision.the research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“stress affects how people learn, ”says professor mara mather. “people learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress. ”for example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images (影像) with either rewards or punishments. in one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. in both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.this phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stressat those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. but the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also less easily recalled.the research also found that stress appears to affect decision- making differently in men and women. while both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.men who had been stressed by the cold- water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. in stressful situations in which risk- taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win.this tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.1. we can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to.a. keep rewards better in their memory b. recall consequences more effortlesslyc. make risky decisions more frequently d. learn a subject more effectively2. according to the research, stress affects people most probably in their.a. ways of making choicesb. preference for pleasurec. tolerance of punishmentsd. responses to suggestions3. the research has proved that in a stressful situation,.a. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsb. men have a greater tendency to slow downc. women focus more on outcomesd. men are more likely to take risks【参考答案】13、aad阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。yao yunchun, a 24-year-old author who frequently shops online in hangzhou, zhejiang province, has never been so impatient for her parcels as she is now. she has been counting every day while she waits for the products she ordered to arrive, as many deliveries have been delayed over the past month.“it took more than a week for one of my parcels to arrive from beijing while, in the past, it took only four days,”said yao.she is just one of the many who like shopping on t, the countrys largest online shopping site, which has posted apologetic announcements to customers for the delays in deliveries.“many parcels are still at the airport and cannot be delivered on time, but i think i will do my best.”taobao clothes retailer(零售商) im shop said on its website. meanwhile, major express delivery companies in china have put up notices saying they are ready to cope with the delay in recent days.“it was mainly caused by a big increase in online shopping orders because of discounts offered by e-commerce companies,”said chen shousong, an analyst with domestic research company analysis international.taobao mall, the countrys largest business-to-customer shopping site by market share, for example, rolled out a large-scale discount on november 11 in which 150 brands sold their products at half price. the discount attracted the attention of many e-shopping enthusiasts who spent 936 million yuan( $ 142 million) in just one day. the recent shortage of diesel oil, which restricts delivery vehicles capacity, and bad weather conditions in north china, also added to an already overloaded express delivery market.bottlenecks in delivery often appear before long holidays, such as the coming christmas and new year holidays and the chinese traditional spring festival holiday. delivery employees often quit their jobs at that time when faced with lots of work and low pay. so some express delivery companies are applying to build their own teams, even airlines.64. which of the following is the best title for the passage? a. waiting for the postman impatiently b. shopping on t conveniently c. arguing with retailers online heatedly d. suffering from large-scale discounts65. why were many deliveries delayed last month? a. the airport didnt perform their duty properly. b. some customers didnt pay enough money. c. sales volume in online shopping goes up rapidly. d. delivery companies are short of vehicles.【答案】c【解析】根据第三段it was mainly caused by a big increase in online shopping orders because of discounts offered by e-commerce companies,送货慢的原因是意为商家打折，网上订单剧增造成的，可知 c为正确答案。【考点定位】考查细节理解能力。66.the underlined word“enthusiasts”has the same meaning with . a. retailers b. customers c. providers d. owners67. what would be continued with the passage? a. to attract more new delivery employees. b. to call off the holiday for the spring festival. c. to stop online shopping before holidays. d. to build e-commerce companies own delivery teams.【答案】d【解析】由文段最后一句一些快递公司正在创建自己的团队和航线可知，接下来文章就应该讲网络商建立自己的快递团队，故d为正确答案。【考点定位】考查作者写作思路推理的能力。阅读理解。 tim richter and his wife, linda, had taught for over 30 years near buffalo, new york-he in computers, she in special education. teaching means everything to us, tim would say. in april1998, he learned he would need a heart operation. it was the kind of news that leads to some serious thinking about lifes purpose. not long after the surgery, tim saw a brochure describing imagination library, a program started by dolly parton s foundation (基金会) that mailed a book every month to children from birth to age five in the singers home town of sevier, tennessee. “i thought, maybe linda and i could do something like this when we retire, tim recalls. he placed the brochure on his desk, as a reminder. five years later, now retired and with that brochure still on the desk, tim clicked on imagination library .com. the program had been opened up to partners who could take advantage of book and postage discounts.the quality of the books was of great concern to the richter. rather than sign up online, they went to dolly wood for a look-see. “we didnt want to give the children rubbish,” says linda. the books-reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists and dolly wood board members-included classics such as ezra jack keatss the snowy day and newer books like anna dewdneys llama llama series. satisfied, the couple set up the richter family foundation and got to work. since 2004, they have shipped more than 12,200 books to preschoolers in their in their area. megan williams, a mother of four, is more than appreciative: “this program introduces us to books ive never heard of.” the richter spend about 400 a month sending books to 200 children. “some people sit there and wait to die,” says tim. “others get as busy as they can in the time they have left.”( ) 1.what led tim to think seriously about the meaning of life?a. his health problem. b. his love for teaching.c. the influence of his wife. d. the news from the web.( ) 2.what did tim want to do after learning about imagination library?a. give out brochures. b. do something similar.c. write books for children d. retire from being a teacher.( ) 3.according to the text, dolly parton is .a. a well-known surgeon b. a mother of a four-year-oldc. a singer born in tennessee d .a computer programmer( ) 4.why did the richter go to dolly wood?a. to avoid signing up online.b. to meet dolly wood board members.c. to make sure the books were the newest.d. to see if the books were of good quality.( ) 5.what can we learn from tims words in the last paragraph?a. he needs more money to help the children.b. he wonders why some people are so busy.c. he tries to save those waiting to die.d. he considers his efforts worthwhile.【文章大意】文章通过介绍richter夫妇从接触一个名为imagination library的项目到成立自己的基金会的历程并找到生活的真正价值61.答案a。细节理解题。由文章第1段的he learned he would need a heart operation. it was the kind of news that leads to some serious thinking about lifes purpose.可知答案。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中，选出最佳选项。a food additive is any substance that is added to food. many people are put off by the idea of“chemicals in food.”the truth is that all food is made up of chemicals. natural substances like milk, as well as man-made ones like drinks on sale in the market, can be described by chemical formulas. some chemical substances are indeed harmful, but a person who refused to consume any chemicals would find nothing to eat.the things we eat can be divided into natural and man-made substances. some people feel that only natural foods are healthy and that all man-made ingredients are to be avoided. but many natural chemicals, found in plants and animals, are harmful when eaten, and some laboratory-made substances increase the nutritional value of food. other chemicals have natural and man-made forms that are exactly alike: vitamin c is vitamin c, whether it comes from a test tube or from an orange. like“chemical”,“man-made”doesnt necessarily mean“not fit to eat”.food additives are used for many reasons. we add sugar and salt and other things to foods we prepare at home to make them taste better. food producers have developed a range of additives that stabilize, thicken, harden, keep wet, keep firm, or improve the appearance of their products. additives can make food more convenient or nutritious, give it a longer shelf life, and make it more attractive to the consumer, thus increasing the sales and profits of the producers.food additives are presently the centre of a storm of serious argument. food producers have been known to use additives that have not been proved safe; some substances in common use have been proved unsafe and have been taken off the market. many people feel theres a risk of eating food to which anything has been added. but food additives are now regulated by the fda of the federal government, and new additives are subjected to strict testing before they can be placed on the market. for most people, the chances of developing serio