英语过去分词做状语.doc

Past Participle As the adverbial 过分作状语Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.Well-known for their expertise, his parents company .Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.一、基本概念1、过去分词作状语：过去分词兼有动词副词和形容词的特征。过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。2、vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。二、掌握过去分词作状语可从以下几个方面考虑。 （一）理清过去分词作状语时与句子的主语的关系 1. 过去分词作状语时，过去分词与主句中的主语形成逻辑上的被动关系，有时也表示动作已完成。 例如： Seen in the dark night，lights on top of tall buildings look like stars in the sky.(seen表示被动，分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生) Scolded by the teacher，the girl began to cry. 被老师责怪，女孩哭了起来。(scolded表示被动且动作已完成) 【考例1】_ into use in April 2000， the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put 【解析】选A。主句主语the hotline与put into use逻辑上是被动关系，排除BC；D项表示正在进行的被动与句子意思不符。所以用过去分词put短语作状语。 2. 有些过去分词已经形成了系表结构，因此他们作状语时与主句的主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，但仍然用过去分词形式。例如： Lost in thought, she nearly ran into a tree. 陷入沉思，她差点撞到树上。 (lost意为“迷失的”，与逻辑主语连接起来相当于Because she was lost，作原因状语)与lost类似的过去分词还有disappointed， dressed， determined， devoted， tired， exhausted， prepared， seated， caught等。 【考例2】After his journey from abroad， Richard Jones returned home， _. A. exhausted B. exhausting C. being exhausted D. having exhausted 【解析】选A。exhausted意为“筋疲力尽的”，由过去分词演变成形容词作伴随状语。 二. 注意过去分词作状语时在句中的位置 作状语的过去分词或短语可置于句子的前后或中间，但是必须用逗号隔开以便与主句分开。 The PE teacher stood in the middle of the playground， surrounded by a group of students. 那位体育老师站在操场中间，被一群学生围着。(过去分词作伴随状语) 【考例1】 _ by the beauty of nature， the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted 【解析】选B。句子的主语the girl与attract是动宾关系或说是被动关系，所以要用过去分词短语作状语。 （二）掌握过去分词作状语与状语从句的变换 过去分词作状语在功能上相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间原因条件方式伴随让步等。所以经常会遇到过去分词前带有once， when， while， if， as if， even if， though， unless等连词，我们将这种结构看成在连词与过去分词之间省略了与主句相同的主语和系动词be。例如： Once published， this book will be popular with the students.=Once it is published，this book will be popular with the students.这本书一旦出版，它将会受到学生们的欢迎。(过去分词作时间状语。注：分词前once可省略) 【考例1】_ with the size of the whole earth， the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When compared C. Comparing D. When comparing 【解析】选B。主句中的 the biggest ocean与compare形成逻辑上的被动关系，因此要用过去分词。 【考例2】No matter how frequently _， the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed 【解析】选A。动词perform与句子的主语the works是动宾关系，故要选过去分词performed，实际上相当于让步状语从句No matter how they are frequently performed， 。 三、过去分词作状语时的具体用法：1过去分词作时间状语相当于一个时间状语从句。例如：Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.当他被问问题的时候,他低下了头。2过去分词作原因状语相当于一个原因状语从句。例如：Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didnt dare to sleep alone.因为害怕老虎, 这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。3过去分词作条件状语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。Given (If we were given) more time, we could do it better.如果给我们更多时间的话，我们可以做得更好。注意：此句中的given在许多语法书中作为介词处理。4过去分词作让步状语相当于一个让步状语从句。例如：Left (Although he was left) at home, John didnt feel afraid at all.虽然John被单独留在房间里, 他一点都不害怕。5过去分词作状语表示伴随动作或状态。例如：The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students.老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。五. 独立主格结构 如果句中过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，这时必须在过去分词前加上主格的逻辑主语。这就叫作独立主格结构。例如： The town seen from the hill，we can see it more clearly.=If the town is seen from the hill， we can see it more clearly. 如果从山上看这座城市，我们能看得更清楚。 Everything taken into consideration，the party was a success. 将所有的事情考虑在内，晚会算是成功的。 (taken的逻辑主语不是the party，所以添加其真正的主语everything) 【考例1】He sat silently，_. A. eyes are closed B. his eyes closing C. eyes closed D. eyes to close 【解析】选C。眼睛闭着表示伴随状态，如果只用过去分词closed，则前后逻辑主语不一致，所以在其前面加上eyes作逻辑主语，eyes closed还可用介词with引导，eyes closed=with his eyes closed。 六、综合练习（一）英文翻译成中文1. Followed by some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.2. He stood there silently, moved to tears. 3. Given better attention, the trees could grow better. 4. Sugar, when mixed with water, dissolves quickly. 5. Although tired, I must go on working.6. You should go to sleep with the light turned off. 7. Without anything left in the kitchen, we decided to eat out.8. The test finished, we began our holiday. 9. More time given, we should have done it much better. 10. Interested in the interesting book, I finally decided to buy it.（二）中文翻译成英文1、从山顶上看，我们学校看起来很美。2、液体被加热会变成气体。3、在讨论了多次之后, 问题终于解决了。 4、从山上看这个公园非常漂亮。 5、被自然美迷住了，来自伦敦的那个姑娘决定在农场再呆两天。6、由于在农村出生并长大, 他对生物很感兴趣。7、再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。8、如果种在肥沃的土壤里, 这些种子能长得很快。9、尽管被许多人嘲笑, 他还是继续他的研究。10、尽管已经爬得筋疲力尽，那位老人决定爬到山顶。参考答案：（一）英译中1、被一些官员跟随着, 拿破仑视察了他的军队。2、他静静地站在那里, 被感动得热泪盈眶。3、若管理得好一些，这些树木会生长得更好些。4、糖与水混合很快就溶解。5、我虽然累了，但必须继续干。6、你应该把灯熄了再睡。 7、厨房里没有剩下任何东西，我们决定出去吃。8、考试结束了, 我们开始放假。9、如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。10、对这本有趣的书感兴趣，我最终决定买了它。（二）英译中1.Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks beautiful.2.Heated, liquids can be changed into gases. 3.Discussed (Having been discussed) many times, the problems were settled at last. 6.Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 5.Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.4.Seen fro