湖南省华容县高考英语一轮复习 暑假阅读理解选练（五）.doc

湖南华容县2017高考英语暑假阅读理解选练（五）【科普知识型-阅读理解】housed in milan, one of europes dirtiest cities, leonardo da vincis masterpiece the last supper still faces a threat from air pollution, researchers say, despite preventative measures that have significantly decreased pollutants in the church where the famous painting is on display.in 2009, italian authorities installed a heating, ventilation (通风) and airconditioning system to protect the painting from milans polluted air. to see whether the system could improve air quality, a team of researchers led by constantinos sioutas, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the university of southern california, placed two airquality monitors inside the church for a year to collect samples from around painting. results showed the levels of fine and coarse particulates were reduced near the painting by 88 percent and 94 percent, respectively, compared with the corresponding outdoor levels. “its a spectacular reduction，” sioutas said in a statement. “it is, frankly, very impressive.”although the researchers applauded the successful decrease in particulates around da vincis painting, they warned that indoor sources of pollution may still pose a threat to the priceless painting. fatty lipids (油脂) from the skin of customers in the church appeared in significant quantities around the painting, despite the fact that visitors getting access to the artwork are strictly regulated.only a few visitors are allowed inside the church at a time, and they enter the building and can stay for only 15 minutes each. however, fatty lipids from visitors skin can combine with dust in the air and pollute the painting if they come in contact with it, says study researcher nancy daher of the university of southern california.even previous restorations of the painting may pollute its surface, daher said. tiny particulates of the wax applied during early repair efforts can be emitted from the painting, get into the air and tarnish (使失去光泽) the painting in the same manner as the fatty lipids.the researchers noted that their airsample analysis could be used as a point of reference for future studies aimed at protecting valuable artwork and artefacts.1what does the underlined word “particulates” in paragraph 2 probably mean?athe smallest parts of a chemical substance.bthings dirtier than usual.ccertain types of gas.dextremely small pieces of dirt, which cause serious pollution.2according to the text, the following factors pollute the painting except _afatty lipids from the skin btiny particles of the waxcbreath of the visitors ddust in the air3according to the researchers, which of the following is not true of their airsample analysis?a. the airsample analysis was got by gathering air in the church for a year.bthe airsample analysis showed that the painting was completely away from air pollution.cthe airsample analysis can be helpful for future studies protecting valuable artwork.dthe airsample analysis showed that the particulates around da vincis painting were decreased successfully.4what can be the best title of the text?ahow to decrease levels of particulates effectivelybthe famous painting da vincis the last supperckeeping air pollution from damaging da vincis the last supperdhow to protect artwork in households【要点综述】保存在意大利米兰市一家教堂的达芬奇名画最后的晚餐受到空气污染的影响。虽采取了措施使教堂空气质量得到提高，但仍存在一些污染隐患。1d词义猜测题。综合分析文章及该词所在句子，可推知该词意为“颗粒(污染)物”。2c细节理解题。根据文章信息可知，对名画最后的晚餐带来污染的因素主要有参观者皮肤上的油脂、修复时产生的蜡颗粒及空气中的灰尘等。3b细节理解题。从文章第一、二段可知，虽然教堂室内环境大为改善，但这幅伟大的画作仍受到各种污染物的威胁。4c主旨大意题。综合分析文章可知，本文主要介绍如何保护达芬奇的名画最后的晚餐免受污染物的影响，故c项为标题最佳。2016高考英语训练-阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中，选出最佳选项。 once there was a man who liked to eat mangoes(芒果). one day he decided to get the sweetest mango from the very top of the tree. mangoes which are exposed to the sun the most are the sweetest. so he climbed up to the top, where the branches were thin. he managed to pick up a few sweet reddish fruits, but, in an attempt to climb down, he slipped and started falling towards the ground. fortunately, he caught the branch as he was falling and remained helplessly hanging on the tree. then he started to call nearby villagers for help. they immediately came with a ladder and sticks, but could do little to help him. then after some time one calm and thoughtful person arrived - a well-known sage who lived in a simple hut nearby. people were very curious to see what he would do, as he was famous in solving many peoples problems in the area and sometimes very complicated ones. he was silent for a minute and then picked up a stone and threw it at the hanging man. thats what everybody wanted - that he came down. but how? now everybody was tense(紧张), as to what would happen next! some wanted to punish the sage, but they didnt. the sage picked another stone and threw it again at the man, even more forcefully. now the man on the tree was enraged and developed a great determination to come down and take revenge（报仇）.he then used all his skill and strength and somehow reached the branches which were safe to start going down. and he made it! everybody was amazed.however, the rescued man found the sage gone. he stood there, realizing that the man really helped him because he induced him to try his best and save himself. “i should be thankful and not angry.” 1what happened after he had picked a few sweet reddish mangoes?ahe remained hanging helplessly on the tree.bhe slipped and fell to the ground suddenly.che was climbing down quickly but carefully.dhe shouted loudly for help but no one helped.2how did the man feel when the sage hit him with a stone?ahe was nervous. bhe kept silent. che was angry. dhe felt surprised.3what do you think motivated the man to climb down? acourage. b. assistance. ccarefulness.drevenge. 4from the story we know that the sweetest mango must be the one . aon the tree for the longest time bhidden in the middle of a treecon the very top of the a tree dexposed to sunlight less often参考答案14 acdc 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东省汕头市质量监测试题】 if you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. this is the research finding of a team of japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exerciseand as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.professor taiju matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.with a team of colleagues at tokyo national university, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. (the rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.)contraction of front and side partsas cells die offwas observed i some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with ageusing the head.the findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. those least at risk, says matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. white collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.matsuzawas findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “the best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “think hard and engage in conversation. dont rely on pocket calculators.”36. the team of doctors wanted to find out _.a. why certain people age sooner than others b. how to make people live longerc. the size of certain peoples brains d. which people are most intelligent【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“professor taiju matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.”可知医生们想要研究出为什么一些人比其他人老得更快。37. on what are their research findings based?a. a survey of farmers in northern japan. b. tests performed on a thousand old people.c. the study of brain volumes of different people d. the latest development of computer technology.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。由“he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.”可知选c。38. the doctors test show that _.a. our brains shrink as we grow older b. the front section of the brain does not shrinkc. sixty-year-olds have the better brains than thirty-year-oldsd. some peoples brains have contracted more than other peoples.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。由“the findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.”可知医生们的测试发现，一般而言，乡下人比城镇里的人的大脑收缩的更早。故选d。39. the word “subjects” in paragraph 5 means _.a. something to be considered b. branches of knowledge studiedc. persons chosen to be studied in an experimentd. any member of a state except the supreme ruler.【答案】c【解析】词义猜测题。由“but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.”可知“subjects”指的是被选入实验中做研究的人。故选c。40. according to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others?a. lawyers. b. farmers. c. clerks. d. shop assistants.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。由“those least at risk, says matsuzawa, are lawyers,”可知律师变老的风险最小。故选a。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东省汕头市质量监测试题】 the speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. heads nodded in agreement when he said, high school english teachers are not doing their jobs. he described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. i was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.my topic is not standards nor its decline（降低）. what the speaker was really saying is that eh is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.my point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. it is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. before english became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies（缺陷）. but since then, english teachers have been under constant attack.the complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. as their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. to the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.since this concern about the decline and fall of the english language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to todays young people, it naturally follows that todays english teachers cannot be doing their jobs. otherwise, young people would not have a poor command of english.41. the speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that _.a. the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that t of the older generationb. the students had a poor command of english because they didnt work hard enoughc. he was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching english for sixteen yearsd. english teachers should be held responsible for the students poor command of english【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。由“high school english teachers are not doing their jobs.”可知作者提到的说话人认为，英语老师应该为学生的英语不好负责。故选d。42. in the authors opinion, the speaker _. a. gave a correct judgment of the english level of the studentsb. had exaggerated （夸张）the language problems of the studentsc. was right in saying that english teachers were not doing their jobsd. could think and speak intelligently【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。由“as their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect.”可知作者认为发言者夸张了学生的语言问题。故选b。43. the aut