湖南省华容县高考英语一轮复习 暑假阅读理解选练（二）.doc

湖南华容县2017高考英语暑假阅读理解选练（二）【科普知识型-阅读理解】doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. but too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders. longlasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals.the new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says richard stevens of the university of connecticut health centre. mood disorders join a growing list of problems, including cancer, obesity and diabetesthat can occur when light throws life out of balance by disturbing the biological clock and its timing of daily rhythms.in the new study, tracy bedrosian and randy nelson of ohio state university exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. for the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, and the rest received continuous dim light throughout their night. compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks，“a sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed，” bedrosian says.in a second test, mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water. those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of “behavioural despair”，10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. all symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal lightdark cycle, the researchers report. the scientists also could quash the behavioural symptoms by injecting (注射)the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. this finding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression.human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but cant easily detect molecular underpinnings (分子结构)as animal studies can，says george brainard of thomas jefferson university. the new work, he says, suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be “an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behaviour”1after being exposed to continuous nighttime light，the mice _achanged their preferencesbescaped from the water more eagerlycremained active as beforedshowed less interest in their favourites2what does the underlined word “quash” in para. 4 probably mean?astudy.bpredict.cease.dcause.3we can learn from the last paragraph that _alight at night may have practical valuebthe biological clock is beneficial to humanschuman mood disorders cannot be healed easilydhuman studies are more important than animal studies4what is the main idea of the passage?anighttime light may foster depression.ba drug has been found to cure mood disorders.cthe study on animals can be applied to humans.dhuman biological clock can be controlled by light.【要点综述】光照疗法可以治疗抑郁症，但是，新的研究表明长期暴露于夜晚的灯光也可带来抑郁症，这项研究至少在动物身上得到了验证。1d细节理解题。根据“compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness，those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks”可知，那些在夜晚持续接受暗淡灯光的老鼠失去了对于甜饮料的浓厚喜好，即没有那么喜欢甜饮料了，故选d项。2c词义猜测题。通过原文quash前面also可以断定，quash的意思等于前面一句话的意思，即症状消失了，故选ease“缓解，减轻”。3a推理判断题。根据最后一句可知，灯光可以影响生物钟，生物钟的改变可以影响行为，故选择a项。4a主旨大意题。根据文章首段“doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun.but too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders.”可知，本文主要讨论nighttime light与mood disorder或depression的关系，故a项正确。2016高考模拟题。阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。 my three-year-old granddaughter, tegan, went with her parents to a family gathering at the home of her other grandparents. everyone was having a wonderful time visiting and catching up on all the latest family news.like most children, tegan was having a good time playing with all the toys that were different from her own and that were kept for children to play with at her grandparents house. in particular, tegan had found a little tea set and had begun pretending that she was having a tea party. she set up all the place settings and arranged her table with the great care and elegance that only a three-year-old can create. meanwhile, her daddy was engrossed in conversation, and as he continued to chat with his family, tegan would hand him a cup of tea. her daddy, who always tries to participate in her games, would pause for a few seconds from his conversation, and say all the proper words and gestures for her tea party which would thrill tegan. he would request two lumps of sugar. he would tell her how wonderful her tea tasted, and then he would continue his adult conversation with his family.after going through this routine several times, her daddy suddenly awoke to reality as he had a flash of concern in his mind: she is only three years old, where is she getting this tea that ive been dutifully drinking? he quietly followed her, without her knowing, and his fears were growing stronger as he saw her turn and go through the bathroom door. sure enough, there she was stretching up on her tippy toes reaching up to get her tea water - out of the container of water that grandpa used to soak his false teeth!1at the family gathering, the adults _.awatched their favorite tv programs btalked about what happened at home cdrank tea while chatting darranged tables for childrens games2which of the following phrases can replace the underlined phrase “was engrossed in” in paragraph 2 ?agot tired of bgot annoyed bycwas absorbed in dwas puzzled at3what can be learned from the text ?ategan was unhappy to be left alone at the gathering.btegans father often played with her in games.ctegan refused to apologize for what she had done.dtegans father cared nothing about what she was doing.4tegans dad followed her secretly to find out _.awhether there was any tea leftbhow she made tea so wonderfulcwhere she got the sugar for teadwhat kind of tea he had drunk参考答案14、bcbd 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东深圳市第二次调研考试】 were so well educated but were useless students who have lost the ability to do anything practical. the only thing weve mastered is consumption.large numbers of students have entered higher education in the past 10 years, but despite being the most educated generation in history, it seems that weve grown increasingly ignorant when it comes to basic life skills. looking back on my first couple of weeks of living in student halls, i consider myself lucky to still be alive. unfamiliar to freshers, there are many hidden dangers in the dirty corners of students accommodation.i have survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and lots of cases of food poisoning, probably from dirty kitchen counters. although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing experimentation, i think i have now finally acquired all the domestic (居家的) skills i missed out in my modem education.in 2006 and 2010, the charming educationist sir ken robinson gave two very amusing talks in which he discussed the importance of creativity in education. robinsons main viewpoint is that our current education system dislocates people from their natural talents. i would like to go a step further and propose that besides our talents, the system takes away what used to be passed from generation to generation a working knowledge of basic life skills.todays graduates may have earned themselves honor in history, law or economies, but when it comes to simple things like putting up a shelf to hold all their academic books, or fixing a hole in their on trend clothes, they have to call for help from a professional handyman or tailor.since the invention of the internet, it has never been easier for people to access information, but our highly specialized education has made us more one sided than ever.i suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education, before the current lack leads to serious accidents in student halls.36people call us useless students for the reason that .awhat weve learned is beyond consumptionbwe are educated generationcweve entered higher educationdour living skills are so poor【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据were so well educated but were useless students who have lost the ability to do anything practical.被称为无用的学生是因为我们失去做事的能力，也是就是学生的生活技能是不好的，故选d。37which is not the incidents the writer had during the first few weeks in student halls?ahe was seriously burnt by boiled eggs.bhe was accidentally poisoned by food.che damaged his clothes while ironing.dhe was severely beaten by freshers. 【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据i have survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and lots of cases of food poisoning, probably from dirty kitchen counters. although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing experimentation,他经历了煮鸡蛋被烫伤，食物中毒还有衣服熨坏了等，只有选项d他被新生打了一顿没有提及，故选d。38according to robinsons opinion, our current education .afocuses on the importance if creativitybdislocates people from their natural talentschas equipped students with basic life skillsdhas followed the tradition properly【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据robinsons main viewpoint is that our current education system dislocates people from their natural talents.根据robinson的观点我们目前的教育阻止了人的天赋的发挥，故选b。39why are the graduates poor at basic life skills?abecause they are not interested in them.bbecause they have little relevant practice.cbecause they are affected by internet.dbecause they are easy to be one-sided.【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据the system takes away what used to be passed from generation to generation a working knowledge of basic life skills.这种教育制度使他们有更少的切实的实践，故选b。40the main purpose of writing the passage is that .athere is no need to introduce “domestic science”bits time we did something to current educationcmore attention should be paid to natural sciencedaccidents should be prevented in student halls【答案】b【解析】作者意图题。根据i suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education,到了我们采取措施解决目前的教育情况的时候了。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东深圳市第二次调研考试】 since the beginning of the year, smog has covered parts of north china. in january, beijing saw only five days without smog. the rising pm 2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory（呼吸系统）and heart diseases.later, news of polluted underground water in some provinces scared people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe.so the need to emphasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere. smog especially is a common concern. like a popular online post said, air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone, despite your income or vocation. people with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices, but they breathe the same air as everyone else. at a meeting on monday, many representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality, too. one talked about his experience in beijing. “after taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel, which took about an hour, i washed my nose and found the inside of my nose was black. we should ask ourselves this question: why do we want to develop? its for living a better life. dirty air is definitely not a better life, he said. china needs to develop its economy and invest(投资) in high-tech. every chinese wants a strong country. but without blue sky, clean water and safe food, the achievements in the economy will become meaningless. space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on mars so that one day all human beings can migrate to the red planet because they have destroyed earth. what the public wants is a strong and beautiful china. president hu jintao spoke at the 18th party congress last november saying that great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and build a beautiful china. the words have shown the central governments resolution to address the environment issue. 41the effect of smog doesnt include .athe rising of pm 2.5 readingsbmore people suffering diseasescthe increase of peoples incomedpatients increased in hospital【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据the rising pm 2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute r