湖南省益阳市高考英语专题复习 直接引语和间接引语学案（无答案）.doc

直接引语和间接引语直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。变化:标点符号的变化，语序的变化，动词的变化，连接词的变化，时态的变化，人称代词，指示代词，地点副词，时间状语how to change a direct speech into an indrect speech?1. 直接引语中的人称代词，改为间接引语后要根据意思改变人称。(一主，二宾，三不变原则）如：she said, “im hungry.”he said to kate，“ how is your sister now?” mr smith said, “jack is a good worker.” 2. 若主句谓语动词时一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时要调整时态。如下表：直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语现在时现在进行时现在完成时过去时过去完成时将来时将来进行时将来完成时 he said, “im a policeman.” he said, “i have done my homework.”直接引语间接引语指示代词 this, these 时 间 状 语 now, todaythis week, yesterday, last weekfour days agothe day before yesterdaytomorrowthe day after tomorrowlast month地点状语 here方向性动词comebring1.he said, “i saw a film yesterday.”he said that _.2. he said, “i had learned 3,000 english words by the end of last term.he said that _ had learned 3,000 english words by the end of _.3. she said, this film is quite interesting.4. you should finish the project tomorrow. he said to me.5. he said, i lost a key here yesterday. he said that _.6. i read the book here a week ago. jane said to him. _.7. i will come and see you again this evening, tom. he said. _.8.i will come here again today, she said. _.9 .the doctor said to the patient, you will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow. _.4. 连接词的使用：（1）直接引语为陈述句(declarative sentence)时,间接引语的连接词用 _,且可省，主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think“i have lived in the south for years.”_ (2)一般疑问句(general question)变间接引语用_语序，加连词_或_，主句的谓语say改为_,或者改为_“do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”yu minhong _(3). 特殊疑问句(special question)变间接引语用特殊疑问词加陈述句语序。如：how much money did you spend on your daughters books today?the reporter asked obama _.(4) 选择疑问句(alternative question)变为_i asked her , “will you stay at home or go to see a film tonight?” _.(5). 祈使句(imperative sentence)变间接引语: said to 改为asked ,told ,ordered, advised, encouraged . said to的宾语或呼语变为ordered ,asked的宾语加to /not to,去掉please “mary, please come and help me.”mother _(6)直接引语如果是以lets开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用_ +动名词（或从句）。lets go to the xiufeng parkhe_he suggested that they should go to the xiufeng park.(7) 直接引语是感 叹句(exclamatory sentences) 时，变间接引语可用_ 或_ 引导，也可用_ 引导。what a lovely day it is !she said _.she said that it was a lovely day .attention: 不改变间接引语时态的情况when direct speech is about: a) a truth 真理 b) a timetable 时间表c) a saying/proverb/quotation 格言/引用语 d) an adverbial indicating the past 过去的时间状语e)subjective mood 虚拟语气pay attention :1. 如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。e.g. light travels much faster than sound, she said to me . she told me that_ much faster than sound.2. 有明确表示过去的时间状语(某年，某月，某日做状语），变为间接引语时，一般过去时 不必变为过去完成时。e.g. he said, the great inventor was born in 1884. he told me that the great inventor _ in 1884.3.直接引语如果是一般现在时(the simple present tense) ， 表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语时，时态不变。 he said, “i get up at six every morning.”4. 直接引语中凡有when ,since, while 引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态，从句的时态不变。he said , “ i have studied english since i was a boy.”_.mr. green said to them, “joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”_.（5）直接引词中引述部分含有insist ,suggest ,demand等引导虚拟语气(subjective mood)，变间接引语时，引语中的主从句时间都不变。he said.”we insisted that she start immediately.” 把下列句子改为间接引语1.“i dont think i will be able to finish it in time,” mike said.2.“its the most interesting film ive ever seen,” he told his friend.3. the doctor said, “the man has hurt his leg rather badly.”4. my mother said, “has your rotten tooth been pulled out?”5. “how will you go to the park?” brown said to his younger brother.把下列句子改为直接引语1.he asked why people went to hamburger restaurants.2.the student told his head teacher that he would go to the great wall the next day.3. i asked her if she enjoyed the movie she had seen.4. mr. wang asked how he could improve his spoken english.5. she asked me what i had eaten the day before6. tom suggested that we should translate the book into english. 7. the student explained that he really didnt know he had to finish the work a week before.8. the teacher promised that he would give his students a few holidays at the end of that month.名词后缀1. -er.的人或物 swimmer , viewer , villager2. -or .的人或物 actor , professor,visitor3. -an,-ian 精通.的人， .地方的人 american, european, musician4.-ist 专业人员 5.-ese .国的人 chinese , japanese6.-ment .的行为（或结果） government, movement, development7.-ness .的性质,状态 business, illness ,darkness8.-tion .行为，.状态 pollution , suggestion形容词后缀1.-al practical ,original ,national2.-an 有.特征的 american , italian3.-ful 具有.的性质 helpful , useful , careful4.-ble 可.的，能.的 reasonable , horrible , terrible5.-ish 具有.性质， .国家的 foolish , english6.-ive .性质的 active , native, expensive 7.-y 多.的，有点的, 似的 rainy ， sleepy8.-ous 有.的性质 dangerous, poisonous9.-less 表示否定 careless , useless动词后缀1.-ify 使.化 simplify , electrify2.-ize 使.成为， 以.方式说 privatize , criticize, apologize副词后缀1.-ly 表示方式，性质 happily , perfectly2.-wards 表示方向 towards , forward数词后缀1.-teen 十 fifteen, thirteen2.-ty 整十位数 twenty, thirty3.-th 序数词 eighth, hundredth+y health noise sun fun fog wealth thirst +ly friend love day hour week month year+al nation form medicine nature society+ic hero science energy electricity fantasy history+ous curiosity fame mountain vary harmony+ful beauty harm forget skill meaning success power+ed amaze confuse surprise frighten advertise move embarrass+able believe accept reason enjoy change comfort 我们每学期通常举行两次月考。we usually hold two _ examinations each term.at present, china is making g