初三英语上册(外研版)Module-11-Photos-知识点总结.docx

- 中国首家承诺学习效果的在线教育公司初三英语上册（外研版）Module 11 Photos知识点总结一、重点词汇 general 原文再现 And the general standard of the competition is much higher this year. 而且今年比赛的整体水平要高得多。基本用法 general adj. 整体的；普遍的。如： general knowledge 常识 a general idea 大意 as a general rule一般；一般而言；通常 in general 意为：大体上，总体上In general, people dont like to be made fun of.大体上讲，人们都不喜欢被捉弄。知识拓展-相关单词 generally adv. 一般地；通常；普遍地，generally speaking一般而言。如： Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般而言，女性寿命较男性长。 standard 原文再现 And the general standard of the competition is much higher this year. 而且今年比赛的整体水平要高得多。基本用法 1. standard n. 标准；水准。如： We try our best to improve standard of life. 我们尽最大努力提高我们生活的水平。2. standard adj. 标准的。如：We need the standard step. 我们需要标准的步骤。 feeling 原文再现 I have a feeling that we can solve these little difficulties. 我有一种我们能够解决那些小困难的感觉。基本用法 feeling n. 感觉；感触。如： a feeling of cold/hunger/gratitude 冷的感觉/饥饿感/感激的心情知识拓展 相关句型/结构 have a feeling that有的感觉 I have a feeling that our team is going to win.我想我们队一定会赢。 相关短语 hurt ones feelings伤害某人的感情 My friends angry words hurt my feelings. 我朋友的气话伤害了我的感情。 相关单词feel v. 感觉；觉得；触摸。如：Take a deep breath, and you will feel relaxed. 深深地吸一口气，那样你会觉得轻松的。 difficulty 原文再现 I have a feeling that we can solve these little difficulties. 我有一种我们能够解决那些小困难的感觉。基本用法 difficulty n. 困难；难题。如：He got to his feet with difficulty. 他费劲地站了起来。知识拓展 相关短语 in difficulties 处境尴尬；处于困难中。如： Ill help you when ever youre in difficulties. 无论何时你遇到困难，我都将帮助你。 相关句型/结构have difficulty in (doing) sth.做某事有困难。如：They had great difficulty in finding a good doctor. 他们找个好医生费了很大劲。 相关单词difficult n. 困难的；艰难的；难对付的；不易相处的。如：She is just being difficult. 她正在闹别扭。 add 原文再现 Take some photos of Beijing and add some photos of Cambridge that you took recently. 拍一些北京的照片，再加一些你最近拍的剑桥的照片。基本用法 add v. 添加，既可以用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词。（过去式：added 过去分词：added 现在分词：adding第三人称单数：adds） I want to add more sugar to my coffee. 我想加更多糖到我的咖啡里。（add为及物动词） The wonderful songs added to our pleasure.悦耳的歌曲增添了我们的欢乐。（add为不及物动词）知识拓展-词义辨析：add/add.to/add to/add up to/add up 1. add. to.：指的是“把加到上”， 是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。 If you want to eat hot things, you can add red pepper to them. 如果你想吃辣的，你可以加些红辣椒。2. add to：指的是“增添，增加，增进”。 The bad weather added to our difficulties 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。3. add up to：指的是“合计达到.The students in our class add up to 57. 我们班的学生总共有57人。 4. add up：指的是 “加起来”。 Add up all the money I owe you.把我应付你的钱都加在一起。 recently 原文再现 Take some photos of Beijing and add some photos of Cambridge that you took recently. 拍一些北京的照片，再加一些你最近拍的剑桥的照片。基本用法 recently adv. 最近；新近，可与过去时或现在完成时连用，但通常不与现在时连用。如： She died recently. 她最近去世了。 Shes been working hard recently. 她近来工作很努力。知识拓展-相关单词 recent adj. 近来的；新近的。如： Here are just a few of his recent news. 这是他最近的一些新闻。 menu 原文再现 And the one of him reading a Chinese menu for the first time in Cambridge? 还有他第一次在剑桥看中国菜单的那一张？基本用法 menu n. 菜单，menu items 菜单项。如： Can you bring a menu to me? 你可以拿给我一张账单吗？ be in with a chance 原文再现 Im sure youre in with a chance! 我确信你有获胜的机会！基本用法 be in with a chance 意为“有可能；有机会”，是非正式英式英语。如： I think I am in with a chance of passing the exam. 我认为我有可能通过考试。知识拓展-相关短语 1. no chance 不可能。如： I have no chance to talk to her.、 我没有机会和她说话。 2. by chance 偶然地；意外地。如：I met her quite by chance. 我遇见她完全是偶然的。3. take a chance 冒险；投机。如：He decided to take a chance. 他决定冒险一试。4. take ones chance 碰运气。如：She wants to take her chance. 她想试一试。 tonight 原文再现 Tonight I am more than happy to read out the winners of the photo competition. 今晚我很荣幸宣读这次摄影比赛获奖者的名单。基本用法 1. tonight adv. 今晚，今夜。如： We have a big dinner tonight. 我们今晚吃了一顿大餐。2. tonight n. 今晚Tonight will be cloudy. 今晚多云。 read out 原文再现 Tonight I am more than happy to read out the winners of the photo competition. 今晚我很荣幸宣读这次摄影比赛获奖者的名单。基本用法 read out 意为“朗读；宣读”。如： Please read out the passage. 请高声朗读这篇短文。The computer will read out the results of the calculation. 计算机将读出运算的结果。 winner 原文再现 Tonight I am more than happy to read out the winners of the photo competition. 今晚我很荣幸宣读这次摄影比赛获奖者的名单。基本用法 winner n. 获胜者。如： Who is the winner of the tennis match? 这次网球赛的获胜者是谁？知识拓展-相关单词 win v. 赢得；获胜；获得。如： That horse is sure to win the next race. 那匹马在下一场比赛中肯定赢。 compared with 原文再现Compared with other years, we received many more photos. 与往年相比，我们收到了更多的（参赛）照片。基本用法 compared with 意为“与相比较”，为过去分词结构做句子的独立成分，也可用compared to 表示。 Compared with her achievements, her shortcomings are, only secondary. 她的缺点同她的成绩相比，是第二位的。My salary is chicken feed compared with hers. 与她相比，我的工资少得可怜。知识拓展-词义辨析：compare to/compare with 1. compare with 的意思是“把跟比较”，一般用于两个同类事物之间，着重区别。 She compares me with my sister. 她把我和我妹妹进行比较。 2. compare to的意思是“把比作看待”，一般用于两个不同性质的事物比较。 We may well compare the little girl to a kitten.我们可能把这个小姑娘比作小猫来看待。 even though 原文再现 Even though all of the photos are excellent, we are sorry to say that we cannot give prizes to everyone. 尽管所有的照片都很出色，但是我们只能遗憾地告诉大家我们不能给每个人都颁奖。基本用法 even though 意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。如： Even though he tried, he is still behind other runners. 尽管他努力了，仍然落在其他赛跑者之后。 Hes the best teacher, even though he has the least experience. 他虽然经验最少，却是最出色的老师。出题建议如果想找用even though 引导的让步状语从句，题型可选择单选、完成句子等，并在关键词中输入： even though。 rush 原文再现 Her photo shows a person rushing across a street on a windy evening. 她的照片展现了一位在起风的晚上匆忙穿过街道的人物形象。基本用法 rush v. 冲；奔（过去式：rushed 过去分词：rushed 现在分词：rushing 第三人称单数：rushes） rush across 意为“横过；穿过”。如： The child rushed across the street in a hurry.小孩匆忙地跑过马路。 blouse 原文再现 It is a beautiful girl who is wearing a blouse and skirt, and who is protecting her books against the showers. 那是一位穿着衬衫和短裙的美丽女孩，她正保护她的书不受阵雨淋湿。基本用法 blouse n. （女式）衬衫，shirt n. （男式）衬衫。 Will you please mend the sleeve of my blouse?请你把我衬衣的袖子补一下好吗? singer 原文再现 His photo of the group Crazy Feet shows the singer Becky Wang, and the band playing at a concert. 他的Crazy Feet乐队的照片展现了歌手贝基王和乐队在音乐会上的情景。基本用法 singer n. 歌唱家，是由动词sing+后缀-er构成。如： She is an excellent singer. 她是一名优秀的歌唱家。知识拓展-相关单词 sing v. 唱歌。如： She likes singing. 她喜欢唱歌。 present 原文再现 Now lets welcome our headmaster to present the prizes to the winners! 现在让我们欢迎我们的校长给获奖者颁奖！基本用法 1. present v. 授予；呈递 present sth. to sb. 意为：把某物授予某人。如： The president presented the medal to the brave soldiers.总统给勇敢的士兵颁奖。 2.present v. 提出 We should like to present some suggestions to you, which may help solve the problems. 我们想给你提些意见，这可能帮助解决问题。 3.present n. 礼物；现在 This is a special present for her. 对她来说这是一份特殊的礼物。 The most we can offer you at present is 500 cases. 目前我们最多只能报五百箱。 4. present adj. 出席的；现在的；当前的；存在的。如： He insists on being present. 他一定要出席。二、重点句型 Hes the boy who won the photo competition last year! 他是去年赢得摄影比赛的那个男孩！ 基本用法 这是who引导的定语从句，修饰 the boy。定语从句修饰人时，引导词既可以用故用who，也可以用that。 引导词who或that在定语从句中做宾语时，可以省略。The boy who/that visited me was one of my students. 看望我的那个男孩是我的学生之一。（引导词who/that作主语，不能省略）Are they the players (who/that) you talked about yesterday? 他们就是你昨天谈论的运动员吗？（引导词who/that作宾语，可以省略） Why dont you choose the subject Home and Away, and take photos of Beijing? 你为什么不拍摄你的家乡北京的照片呢？ 基本用法 Why dont you do sth.?意为“你为什么不做呢？”，相当于Why not do sth.?。如： Why dont you clean out your handbag? 你为何不把你的手提包清理干净呢？ Why not let her do as she likes? 为什么不让她想怎么做就怎么做呢？ What about that photo of my cousin flying kites with Chinese kids in the Summer Palace? 那张我的表弟在颐和园与中国孩子一起放风筝的照片怎么样？ 基本用法 1. a photo of. 意为：一张.的照片 I saw a photo of you in the newspaper last week. 我上个礼拜在报上看到你的照片。 2. flying kits with Chinese kids in the Summer Palace 为现在分词做定语，修饰my cousin，与被修饰词 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。如：Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认识站在树下的那个女孩吗？Students wishing to go hiking should sign their names here.想去远行的学生应该在这儿签名。 We were very pleased with our competition this year. 对于今年的比赛我们很满意。 基本用法 be pleased with sth./sb.意为“对某人/某事感到满意”，相当于be happy with/about sth./sb.。如： Im not pleased with his work this term. 我对他这学期的表现不满意。知识拓展-相关句型/结构 be pleased to do sth.意为“乐意做某事”。如： He is pleased to come with us.他很乐意和我们一起来。 we are sorry to say that we cannot give prizes to everyone. .我们只能遗憾地告诉大家我们不能给每个人都颁奖。 基本用法 1. be sorry to do sth.“对做某事感到很遗憾”。如： I am sorry to hear that. 听到那个消息我很遗憾。2. give prizes to sb.意为“颁奖给某人”。如：The headmaster gives prizes to the boy. 校长给那个小男孩颁奖。出题建议 题型可选择单选、完成句子等，并在关键词中输入：sorry。 Her photo shows a person rushing across a street on a windy evening. 她的照片展示了一个人在刮风的晚上跑过大街的情形。 基本用法 本句中 rushing across a street on a windy night 为现在分词短语，做定语，修饰 a person，与被修饰 词之间为主动关系。Do you know the man talking with our teacher?你知道与我们老师谈话的那个人吗？ The child standing over there is my brother. 站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。 It is a beautiful girl who is wearing a blouse and skirt, and who is protecting her books against the showers. 那是一位穿着衬衫和短裙的漂亮的女孩，她正保护她的书不被雨淋湿。 基本用法1. 本句中包含了两个定语从句，分别是who is wearing a blouse and skirt 以及who is protecting her books against the showers，同时修饰 a beautiful girl，两个定语从句用and 连接。 Do you know the man who is standing over there and who are wearing glasses? 你知道站在那儿并戴副眼镜的那个人吗？ 2. protect.against. 意为：保护.，以免.，也可表示为：protect.from.结构中。 You need warm clothes to protect you against the cold. 你需要暖和的衣服来御寒。 We protected him against his enemy. 我们保护他使他不受敌人侵犯。 He Zhong manages to show how this great new band moves and sounds 何忠成功地展现了这支非常棒的新乐队的动作和声音。基本用法 1. manage 作动词，意为“控制；管理”；在此意为“设法做到，想方设法做成”，含有“成功”之意。其后通 常接动词不定式，即manage to do sth.想方设法做成某事。如： Mr. Baker managed to find a place where he could park his car. 贝克先生设法找到了一个可以停车的地方。 2. show 后接宾语从句，从句中需采用陈述句语序。 Could you show me how I can turn down the heating? 你能演示给我如何把暖气调低吗？ Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone who entered the competition. 祝贺我们的获胜者，感谢每一位参赛选手。 基本用法 1. congratulations to sb 表示：对.的祝贺，如果想表示”因为某事向某人祝贺“，可以用 congratulations to sb on sth 的结构。 Congratulations on your new home.恭贺乔迁之喜!Congratulations to you and best wishes to your lovely fiancee. 恭喜你，并向你的未婚妻致以良好的祝愿。 2. who entered the competition 作为定语从句，修饰 everyone，引导词who在定语从句中做主语。关于定语从句的用法，可参看本单元的重点语法部分。 Now, lets welcome our headmaster to present the prizes to the winners. 现在，让我们欢迎校长给获胜者颁奖。 基本用法 welcome sb to do sth 意为：欢迎某人做某事。 Lets welcome Mr. Smith to declare the opening of the film festival. 让我们欢迎史密斯先生宣布电影节开幕。 The next important development in the history of photography was in the early 1830s. 摄影史上下一个重要的发展是在十九世纪早期三十年代。 基本用法 in the history of 意为“在的历史上”。如： It was a new era in the history of our country. 这是我国历史上的一个新纪元。 Photos can change the way we think about things. 照片可以改变我们思考问题的方式。 基本用法本句中，we think about things 是定语从句，修饰the way。当先行词为 the way 时，定语从句引导词若在从句中作状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法（=in this way）” 时，引导词可以用 that 或in which 或不用引导词。Do it the way you were taught. 要照教你的那样做。 I was impressed by the way in which she did it. 她干成这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。当先行词为 the way 时，定语从句引导词在从句中做主语、宾语、表语时，引导用 that 或which。 Do you remember the way that/which the teacher told us?你记得老师告诉我们的方法吗？ Could you tell me the way that/which can solve the problem? 你能告诉我能解决这个问题的方法吗？ This picture of the earth from space was taken by William Anders on the Apollo 8 trip into space. 这张来自于太空关于地球的照片是比尔安德斯乘坐阿波罗8号进入太空旅行期间所 拍摄的。 基本用法1. was taken by 是一般过去时的动语态结构。一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were +动词过去分词。We were taught to respect the old.人们教我们要尊重老人。2. on the trip into/to在去的旅途中。如：On the trip to Hawaii, we were all in high spirits. 在去夏威夷的旅途中，我们都很开心。 It made people think about how small and beautiful the earth was, and how we need to take care of it. 它让人们认为世界是多么的小而美丽，以及思考我们需要怎样保护它。 基本用法 1. make 为使役动词，其用法如下： (1). make sb. do sth让某人做某事，其被动是be made to do sth。如： What makes the grass grow? 什么东西使得草生长？The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。 (2). make sb. adj. 使某人怎么样了。如：We must make the rivers clean. 我们必须净化河水。(3). make宾语n. 如：We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他作我们足球队队长。2. take care of 意为“照看；照顾”。如：Ill take care of it. 我来办这件事。He is old enough to take care of himself. 他大了，能照顾自己了。三、重点语法 which, who引导的定语从句 基本用法 1. which引导的定语从句 which可以引导定语从句，修饰表示事物的先行词。如： He is reading a book which is about war. 他正在读一本关于战争的书。（关系代词which在定语从句中充当主语） He is reading a book which he bought from London. 他正在读一本书，这本书是他从伦敦买来的。（关系代词which在定语从句中充当宾语） which和介词搭配使用，介词可放在which之前，若是固定词组，一般不能拆开。如： The house in which Lu Xun once lived is now Lu Xun Museum. 鲁迅曾住过的那所房子现在时鲁迅博物馆。 This is the magazine which you are looking for. 这就是你正在找的那本杂志。（look for是固定词组） 2. who引导的定语从句 who引导的定语从句中，关系代词who指人。作宾语时用whom，常被省略，在口语中常用who 代替whom。如： This is the English teacher who teaches my son. 这就是教我儿子的英语老师。 用who引导定语从句需要注意以下四点： (1). who引导的定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词或代词。如： The student who is ans