高考英语推理判断题ppt课件.ppt

1 welcome 2 ReadingComprehension InferenceQuestions 胡新萌 阅读理解专题 推理判断题 3 07 08沪高考阅读理解推理判断题 4 阅读推理判断题 推断题分类 5 1 Questionforms Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat Fromthetextweknowthat ismostlikely Whenthewritertalksabout whatthewriterreallymeansis Thewritersuggeststhat Thestoryimpliesthat Wecaninfer conclude fromthepassagethat 这类题干中通常含有infer suggest imply conclude等标志性词语 一 如何推断隐含意义 2 技巧点拨1 全面分析2 忠实原文3 不要选择表层信息 6 Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall Diditsoundlikeaclock Ifso itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie Thusthebeetleiscalled thedeathwatchbeetle 1分钟 Thesoundofthisbeetle A pleasedpeople B surprisedpeople C frightenedpeople D excitedpeople 3 Practice 1 passage1 7 SeveraldifferentbisonspecieshavelivedontheNorthAmericancontinentsincetheIceAge todayonlytwoexist Thewoodbisonisthelargerofthetwo andisnowfoundmostlyinwesternCanada BetterknownintheUnitedStatesisthePlainsbison orbuffalo Atonetime herdsoftheseanimalscouldbesighedalmosteverywherefromtheAppalachianMountainsintheEasttotheRockyMountainsintheWest Theauthorimpliesthatseveraltypesofbison A liveoutsidetheUnitedStatedandCanadaB arewelladaptedtoswampyterrainC existedbeforetheIceAgeD havebeenkilledorhavediedout 2 P3 8 二 如何推断作者观点和态度 说明文中作者的态度 objectiveneutral 中立的 在议论文中 有 1 positive 积极的 2 negative 3 neutral 中立的 4 approval 5 disapproval 6 indifferent 7 sarcastic 讽刺的 8 critical 批评的 9 optimistic 10 pessimistic 客观的 消极的 漠不关心的 赞成的 不赞成的 乐观的 悲观的 9 1 Questionforms Thewriter sattitudetoward is Thewriterthoughtthat Accordingtotheauthor 2 技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词 副词 动词及所举的例子 才能推断出作者的弦外之音 10 Passage5 江西卷 Justascryingcanbehealthy notcrying holdingbacktearsofanger painorsuffering canbebadforphysical 身体的 health Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses Ifyouhaveahealthproblem doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry Butwhenyoufeellikecrying don tfightit It sanatural andhealthy emotionalresponse 反应 2分钟 Accordingtotheauthor whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue A Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers B Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems C Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry D Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure 3 11 Passage6 Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities Ofcourse therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventure thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains traveledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans Now however therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivity whichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds Iwouldconsiderbungeejumping 蹦极跳 tobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity Youjumpfromahighplace perhapsabridgeorahotairballoon 200metersabovethegroundwithanelastic 有弹性的 ropetiedtoyourankles Youfallatupto150kilometersanhouruntiltheropestopsyoufromhittingtheground Itissaidthatabout2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping Otheractivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayasriskyasbungeejumpingincludejumpingfromtallbuildingsanddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliffs 4 12 Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese Somepsychologists 心理学家 suggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring Notverylongago people sliveswereconstantlyindanger Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival 生存 Nowadays accordingtomanypeople lifeofferslittleexcitement Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions theybuyfoodinshops andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping 5分钟 Thewriterofthetexthasa attitude 态度 towardsdangeroussports A positive 肯定的 B negative 否定的 C neutral 中立的 D nervous 13 三 如何推断写作目的 1 Questionforms 1 考查整篇文章的写作目的A Thewriter spurposeofwritingthispassageisto B Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle C Inwritingthepassage theauthorintendsto 14 2 考查某处细节的写作意图A Thewriterusestheexampleof toshowthat B Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto C arementionedinthefirstparagraphto 15 2 常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的 但写作目的通常有以下三种 1 toentertainreaders 娱乐读者 让人发笑 2 topersuadereaders 说服读者接受某种观点 3 toinformreaders 告知读者某些信息 常见于故事类的文章 tomakepeoplelaugh totellaninterestingexperience 常见于广告类的文章 tosellaproductoraservice toattractmorevisitors readers audience 多见于科普类 新闻报道类 文化类或社会类的文章 16 3 技巧点拨 1 根据文体类别推断写作目的 2 从写作手法来推断写作目的 17 Passage7 Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves hesaid 1 5分钟 Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto A testthereaders knowledgeaboutwavesB drawthereaders attentiontothetopicC showJamieTaylor simportanceD invitethereaderstoanswerthem 5 18 Passage8AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa anearbyvillage Theylivedwiththeman sbigfamily hisparents hisbrothers theirwivesandchildren Thefamilykeptanelephant inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents home havingquarreledwithherhusband Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork Itappearedtobeillandheart broken Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse Itwenttothewoman shome Onseeingher theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband shome 3分钟 Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto A showthatelephantsareverycleverB tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife 6 19 1 Questionforms Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear Thepassageismostlikelyapartof 四 如何推断文章出处 2 解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处 1 报纸 2 广告 3 产品说明 20 Passage9 全国卷 Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine Doyouknowwhatismeantby Takeonlyasdirected Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem Toreducepain taketwotablets 药片 withwater followedbyonetableteveryeighthours asrequired Fornight timeandearlymorningrelief 缓解疼痛 taketwotabletsatbedtime Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty fourhours Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold givehalftheamount 量 Forchildrenundersixyearsold askyourdoctor sadvice Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma 2分钟 A textbookB newsreelC doctor snotebookD bottleofmedicine 7 21 Passage10Morethan30 000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured 受伤 eachyear Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow Wearingaseatbelt 安全带 saveslives itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt Ifyoudonot youcouldbefinedupto 50 Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt Butitwillbethedriver sresponsibility 责任 tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind However youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing 倒退 yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery 发送 orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit Makesurethesecircumstances 情形 applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit 3分钟 Thistextistakenfrom A amedicalmagazineB apolicereportC anadvertisement 广告 D agovernmentinformationbooklet 小册子 8 Morethan30 000 arekilledorseriouslyinjured 受伤 eachyear youcouldbefinedupto 50 Rememberyoumaybetakentocourt youmaybefined 22 2 解题技巧推测下文的内容 根据作者的思路进行推理推测上文的内容 关注第一段 特别是文段开始的几句话 五 推断上下文内容 Questionforms Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss 23 Passage11Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment Theycouldonlyin