高三毕业班英语阅读完形填空长难句分解学习ppt课件.ppt

1 高考英语阅读 完形填空长难句教学探索 2 长难句教学探索 一 问题引入内容摘要 二 问题分析三 问题对策 3 一 问题引入 什么是 长难句 一副网络对联 上联 在乎你的我只在乎我在乎的是是否在乎在乎你的我 我在乎的你是否和在乎你的我在乎我在乎的你一样在乎在乎你 下联 想念我的你只想念你想念的是是否想念想念我的你 你想念的我是否和想念我的你想念你想念的我一样想念想念你 4 2013厦门质检语文试题把下面这段文字改写成三个短句 3月6日国家税务总局某官员基于个税起征点提高到3000元已让纳税人的人数减少三分之二的事实对全国政协会议代表们继续提高个税起征点的呼吁表示不可能 1 2 3 5 英语 长难句 定义 1 长句 难句 2 句长 难句 6 二 问题分析 长难句 难 在哪 1 心理因素 注意力 思维接受能力 心理承受能力等 2 英语多从句 句子长且结构复杂 Decisionthinkingisnotunlikepoker itoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink butalsowhatothersthinkyouthinkandwhatyouthinktheythinkyouthink NMET2000 C篇 做决策像打扑克牌 起作用的不但是你怎么想的 还包括别人对你的想法是怎么看的以及你对别人的看法是如何考虑的 7 Anideasuddenlystruckme 我突然想到了一个主意 Astrangepeacecameoverherwhenshewasalone 她独处时便感到一种特殊的安宁 Notasoundreachedourears 我们什么也没听到 3 英语多被动结构 8 4 标点 1 IconfessthatwhenfirstImadeacquaintancewithCharlesStricklandIneverforamomentdiscernedthattherewasinhimanythingoutoftheordinary 2 Andyourpersonalcar ifyouhaveone becomesjustonemoretoolinthetoolbox andoftenaninadequateone limitingbothyourmobilityandyourwallet 2012湖北卷B篇 9 加标点 Womanwithouthermanisnothing Woman withoutherman isnothing Woman Withouther manisnothing IthinkChinaisagreatcountry China Ithink isagreatcountry 10 5 干扰成分 Joneplaysfootballaswellas ifnotbetterthan David 6 隔裂现象 动词与宾语 名词与定语 名词与of 等 1 Employerswillcertainlyrequireastheiremployeesstudentswithhigherqualificationsthanweresoughtafewyearsago 2 Theacceptanceofthisconceptisthebasisofthemanysuggestionstoteacherstomakecleartochildren bydiscussion byvisitsandexcursions andinotherwaysthesocialrelevanceoftheschool sactivities 11 三 问题对策 如何攻 长 克 难 一 在思想上消除 畏难怕长 情绪 如何看待长难句 足够长就好 不怕长 只怕短 A Stop B Why A Money B No A Kill B Ah 12 二 在阅读中调动多种感官提高长难句理解能力 从眼 口 耳 脑 手等多种感官入手 促进英语长难句教学 眼 13 找谓语 把握核心 例题 TennisstarChrisEvert whoretiredfromthegameaftereighteenyears perhaps morethananyonetomakewomen sprofessionaltennisawidelyrespectedcareer A whodidB hasdoneC anddoingD todo 14 找名词 了解大意 Theymaythinkthateatinglunchisthecauseofthesleepiness Or insummer theymaythinkitistheheat However therealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies Atthattime abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup yourbodytemperaturegoesdown Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy NMET2008四川卷C篇 15 提主干 去除枝叶 例句 ThesmallestandappropriatereferencestopersonsandplacesandeventscontainedintheaccountsoftheExodus forinstance orthebiographiesofsuchBiblicalheroesasAbrahamandMosesandDavid canlead ifproperlyconsideredandprusued toextremelyimportanthistoricaldiscoveries Thereferencescanleadtodiscoveries 16 寻找句子主干的时候要注意 一般句子开头的第一个独立名词 前面没有介词或关联词 就是句子主语 eg 1 Intheclassroom myteacheriswriting 2 Thatshewascominghereisasurprisetome 如果看到两个名词重叠 基本可以断定第一个名词是主语 而第二个则是修饰它的定语从句的主语 如 Theboythegirl ThepenMrSmith Thecityyou 17 另外 提取句子主干往往要进行跳读 跳读插入语 介词词组 非谓语动词 分隔现象 定语从句 状语从句等 例句 Iknowevenofacasewherethehusband becausehedidnotwanttoexacthismarkofselflessnessfromhiswifewhowassickandinbadhealth refused whenurgedbythewife totakeaconcubine butthewife withouthisknowledgeandconsent notonlyboughtaconcubine butactuallyforcedhimtotaketheconcubineintothehouse Case 的主要内容 Thehusbandrefusedtotakeaconcubine butthewifenotonlyboughtaconcubine but also forcedhimtotaketheconcubineintothehouse 18 寻关联 辨认逻辑 例句 Theymaythinkthateatinglunchisthecauseofthesleepiness Or insummer theymaythinkitistheheat However therealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies Atthattime abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup yourbodytemperaturegoesdown Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy 19 还真相 降低难度 难句往往有省略 插入语 前置 倒装 强调 被动 双重否定等非常规结构 我们可以利用还原法 还复杂句型以本来面目 Nolongerwillthepublicaccepttheoldattitudeof Buyit throwitaway andforgetit NMET2001C篇 还原成 Thepublicwillnolongeraccepttheoldattitudeof Buyit throwitaway andforgetit Decisionthinkingisnotunlikepoker 简化成 Decisionthinkingislikepoker 20 看标点 理清思路 标点符号 特别是逗号 在句中的主要作用是 断句衔接和引导插入语 逗号与并列的句子成分 Hestoodup putonhiscoat andwentout Theyreachedhomeatlast cold tired andhungry Weswearthatweallobeytherules thatwemustworkhard andthatweshouldloveourmotherland 逗号与做状语的非谓语动词 Wecan tgooutinthisweather saidBob lookingoutofthewindow ItbeingSunday therewerenostudentshavingclassesintheschool 21 逗号与定语从句 Asiswellknowntoall Chinaisalargecountrywithalonghistory 试比较 HissonwhoworksinXiamencamebacklastweek 不止一个儿子 Hisson whoworksinXiamen camebacklastweek 只有一个儿子 逗号与同位语 BeautifulZhangZiyiplaysthepartofYuJiaolong ayoungwomanwhoisnotasgoodassheseems Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment oneIwillalwaystreasure 22 逗号与一些副词 插入语 介词短语和单成分句 副词 however though therefore besides moreover 介词短语 inmyopinion forexample inaddition onthecontrary 插入语 Ithink Ibelieve 单成分句 what smore what sworse that stosay Idaresay 破折号 Imustbegettingfat Icanhardlydomytrousersup Turndowntheradio thebaby sasleepinthenextroom Mary comehere everyoneelse staywhereyouare 23 找搭配 变生为熟 例1 Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturingofcleanandsafeproducts tosomedegree theirmainsellingpointsandemphasizeitintheiradvertising 例2 Theacceptanceofthisconceptisthebasisofthemanysuggestionstoteacherstomakecleartochildren bydiscussion bybisitsandexcursions andinotherways thesocialrelevanceoftheschool sactivities 24 视觉差 培养语句层次感 Jenny snothavingbeentrainedasadancerisherregret Afterwhatseemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile Shespokesofastthatnoneofusunderstoodwhatwhatshesaidmeant Lucyistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohashandedinthepaper ThefatheraswellashisthreechildrengoesskatingeverySunday Thelong lastingwar filledwithbloodanddeaths endedinpeople ssadness reachingnoresult 以上例句中 培养学习者对强调部分的整体感 而 则凸显句子主干 淡化次要成分 25 二 在阅读中调动多种感官提高长难句理解能力 从眼 口 耳 脑 手等多种感官入手 促进英语长难句教学 口 26 A 利用意群朗读教学法培养句子层次感 Thinkingthat youknowwhatinfactyoudon t isaterriblemistake Youcan timagine howfastourancestorswere comparedwithmodernhumans Hecriticizescommunicationtechnology forlyingtous bytellingusthat itwillbringpeopletogether whenitactuallykeepsthemapart Itwasattheendofthenineteenthcentury withtheperfectingoftheelectriclightbulb thetelephone thephotograph andthelike thattheordinarymanbegantofeelthat sciencecouldactuallybenefithim 27 对于一些易混易错的句子 为增强感受效果 可用夸张的换气法代替停顿 Whatwateris 换气 isknowntoall Thetheoryhestuckto 换气 provedcorrect Thenumber 换气 ofpeoplewhoowncars 换气 isincreasing Peoplecaughtdrivingwhiledrunktwiceinthesameyear 换气 willhavetheirlicensestakenawayforuptofiveyears Usuallyatthebeginningofschool thenoiseofdesksbeingopenedandclosed andlessonsrepeatedatthetopofthechildren svoices 换气 couldbeheardoutinthestreet Theonlyproblemfacingusatpresentisthat 换气 wedon thavemuchmoney 28 B 利用添枝加叶造句法培养句子层次感 Theoldmandied Theoldmandiedinthelonelyhouse Theoldmandiedinthelonelyhouseyesterday Havingsufferedfromstarvation theoldmandiedinthelonelyhouseyesterday Havingsufferedfromstarvation theoldmandiedinthelonelyhouseyesterday leavingnothing 29 二 在阅读中调动多种感官提高长难句理解能力 从眼 口 耳 脑 手等多种感官入手 促进英语长难句教学 耳 30 材料一 美国小学枪击案奥巴马哽咽落泪演讲 Becausewhilenothingcanfillthespaceofalostchildorlovedone allofuscanextendahandtothoseinneed toremindthemthatwearethereforthem thatweareprayingforthem thatthelovetheyfeltforthosetheylostenduresnotjustintheirmemoriesbutalsoinours 31 材料二 奥巴马就职演说 We thepeople declaretodaythatthemostevidentoftruths thatallofusarecreatedequal isthestarthatguidesusstill justasitguidedourforebearsthroughSenecaFalls andSelma andStonewall justasitguidedallthosemenandwomen sungandunsung wholeftfootprintsalongthisgreatMall tohearapreachersaythatwecannotwalkalone tohearaKingproclaimthatourindividualfreedomisinextricablyboundtothefreedomofeverysoulonEarth 32 材料三 IHaveaDream IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice swelteringwiththeheatofoppression willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice Ihaveadreamthatmyfourchildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter Ihaveadreamtoday IhaveadreamthatonedaydowninAlabamawithitsviciousracistswithitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewordsofinterpositionandnullification onedayrightdowninAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers 33 材料四 世界上最遥远的距离Thefurthestdistanceintheworld Thefurthestdistanceintheworld世界上最遥远的距离Isnotbetweenlifeanddeath不是生与死ButwhenIstandinfrontofyou而是我就站在你面前Yetyoudon tknowthatIloveyou你却不知道我爱你 34 Thefurthestdistanceintheworld世界上最遥远的距离IsnotwhenIstandinfrontofyou不是我就站在你面前Yetyoucan tseemylove你却不知道我爱你Butwhenundoubtedlyknowingthelovefromboth而是明明知道彼此相爱Yetcannotbetogether却不能在一起 35 Thefurthestdistanceintheworld世界上最遥远的距离Isnotbeingapartwhilebeinginlove不是明明知道彼此相爱却不能在一起Butwhenpainlycannotresisttheyearning而是明明无法抵挡这股思念Yetpretendingyouhaveneverbeeninmyheart却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里 36 Thefurthestdistanceintheworld世界上最遥远的距离Isnotwhenpainlycannotresisttheyearning不是明明无法抵挡这股思念yetpretendingyouhaveneverbeeninmyheart却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里butusingone sindifferentheart而是用自己冷漠的心对爱你的人Todiganuncrossableriver掘了一条无法跨越的沟渠Fortheonewholovesyou 37 二 在阅读中调动多种感官提高长难句理解能力 从眼 口 耳 脑 手等多种感官入手 促进英语长难句教学 脑 38 一篇文章的段落结构可能是 也有可能是这样的 句子的结构 和文章结构有相似处 2012高考北京卷阅读A篇长句 Inadditiontolearninghowtoperformvariousmathematicaloperations studentsdiscover whytheseoperationswork howaparticularmathematicaltopicrelatestootherbranchesofmathematics andhowtheseoperationscanbeusedpractically 39 why Inadditionto studentsdiscover how how 句子在头脑中形成层次结构 40 二 在阅读中调动多种感官提高长难句理解能力 从眼 口 耳 脑 手等多种感官入手 促进英语长难句教学 手 经常动手划出长句的谓语动词 名词等 培养寻读主干信息的习惯 充分挖掘利用阅读中遇到的长句资源 41 教材中的长句资源 例1 M9 U2SailingtheOcean UsingLanguage阅读材料 P17 第一句话IamproudtohavesailedwithCaptainBlighonhisjourneyofover40daysthroughabout4 000milesinanopenboatacrossthePacificOceanin1789 42 例2 M6 U5ThePowerofNature WB ReadingTask TrappedbytheFlood P72 文中有这样的动作细节描写 SaradressedbabyJamesinwarmclothesandcollectedthethingsshewouldneedforhimoverthenextfewdays SheputtheleadonthedogandwentinsearchofMonty thecat Ittookheralongtime buteventuallyshefoundhimsafeandwarmunderthecoversonherbed SheplacedhiminhiscatbasketandtookhimintothekitchenwhereJamesandthedog Rosie waited 43 Justasshewasreachingforthecarkeys Saraheardasoundlikethenoisebathwatermakeswhenyoupullouttheplug Shelookedatthebackdoor Waterwasflowinginunderneath Turningaroundshesawdirtybrownwaterfountainingoutofthedrainandfillingthesink QuicklysheputJamesintoherbackpackandpulleditontoherback CallingtoRosie shepickedupthecatbasketandrantothefrontofthehouseandoutintothefrontgarden 44 Thewaterwasalreadyuptoherknees Rosiewasswimmingbesideher Knowingthewaterwouldsoonbemuchdeeper Sararantothecarandopenedthedoors ShethrewthecatbasketontotheroofofthecarandpushedRosieupbesideit Usingthecarseatasastepsheclimbedfirstontothefrontofthecarandthenontotheroof James safelyattachedtoherback madenosoundatall Sarastareddownatthewaterwhichwasrushingpastthecar Itwasalreadyhalfwayupthedoors andstillrising 课后延伸 RobinsonCrusoe Chapter4 45 三 在完型中运用阅读策