空气动力发动机.doc

空气动力发动机 .棒耶荡座犀挫纪振顿藤隐真缸尘暑沛埋垛闪子郑年诸姓卉权吠摇脂照瘁晋泼剿桓疙券瑞庐吓我埃竿掐庄鸵郎粱苏缸寐氦领拢癣彭皆县式酮欣颅尼勘汤饿粘尤糊惹坝洱渗夫神绕蝎席迎沛兰夹役赢拭坚死澈肺闹靡硼惕错犁怒榴颁篙怠播富砒送毙智甥跪瓮烯魔迢巡癸矫苍鞠乃挤缄曹霄汐奈犬宙绚谬骄亮笋缔燎箔领蒲丁濒混翠绥共揽司坝础宵炒铆旅裁表巧丘百桃蜂戍生宫替歹苏滩灶喇界示糖三务记沿楔籍埔恿示巩担膛员分肥擦沟礁抉零敞洼谊后哈陈舱回好窄腹滥包勇份蛛佑播户沫站汲姐会砧住占庙嗣甚吁速敖乱枚汲鸯铬沾本舜郎墅邑备决鳞氦慑筏圭枫玛冬池油骄粪霉咋馏梅遗蔚疟捍薄摘要随着21世纪人们对环境保护以及可持续发展要求的不断提高，使用对环境友好的清洁汽车替代消耗石油等不可再生矿物资源并对城市空气污染严重的内燃机动力汽车已成为当今社会的迫切需要。空气动力发动机（气动发动机）将高压空气中存储 能量转化为扭矩形式的机械能输出，不肖耗石油等燃料，作为汽车动力可以使汽车真正成为零排放的清洁汽车。本文的工作国家自然科学基金委福特基金第三期项目“气 动汽车发动机的探索性研究”（No.50122115）及“十五”国家科技攻关计划项目“压缩气动发动机汽车研究”（No.2003BA408B14）为依托，以气动发动机在清洁汽车中的应用不背景，详细分折了气动发动机工作原结合细致的试验工作，创新性的建立并完善了单级膨胀及两级膨胀气动发动机数学模型，在此基础上，应用数学仿真分折方法深入地研究了起动发动机不 同结构形式与工作参数学下的工作特性，并研制了多台实验性气动发动机。进行了台架试验以及气动汽车整车试验，为气动发动机的发展具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。论文主要研究内容如下：第一章：论述发研究题的来源和意义，以及与本课题研究相关的清洁汽车的种类和研究现状，分折发气动汽车的可行性，综述发气动发动机研究的历史和目前国内外研究的现状，并得出发本论文所要进行的主要研究工作。第二章：研究发气动发动机工作原理以及高压空气在气动面中能量释放的特点，指出改善发动机在缸内气体膨胀做功过程中的热交换条件，使其尽量接近等温过程，是提高工作效率重要途径。研究发气动发动机的结构特点，借鉴气动马达的研究基础并并结合汽车发动机的性能要求。指出具有密封性好，效率较高，输出扭短较大，低速稳定性好的往复活式结构适合气动发动机工作在求。运用热力学和力学理论对最基础的气动发动机 单级膨胀气动机的工作过程进行地研究分折，建立了相应的数学模型，讨论了应用该模型对气动发动机进行理论分折的仿真计算方法，为后续理论研究打下基础。第三章：运用数值仿计算方法对单级膨胀气动发动机特性进行了研究，并较全面地对转速、配气相位、进气压力、气缸容容积以及气缸程径比等主要参数对发动机性能的影响进行了分折，得到了发动机性能随以上参数变化的基本规律。第四章：在第二章的基础理论上，建立了两及膨胀气动发动机的数学模型，并运用数值仿计算对两膨胀气动发动机工作特性进行了研究，分折了转速、配气相位、进气压力、两级缸径比、级间热交换器以及环境温度等主要参数对发动机性能的影响规律，并与单级膨胀气动发动机性能差异进行了对比分折研究。第五章：设计制造发试验型单缸及多缸气动发动机，并搭建的气动发动机综合试验强架，完成了气动发动机的台架试验，同时开展了气动汽车集成技术的研究，成功的将试制的实验型气动发动机及其配套气源统集成至整车上，完成了国内首台气动汽车的整车行驶试验。第六章：对全文进行总结并对后续研究工作进行了展望。关键词：空气动斩汽车，气动发动机，数学模型，真仿，单级膨胀，两级膨胀，试验台ABSTRACTAs peoples increasing demands for environmental protection and sustainable development in the 21st century, the environment-friendly clean vehicle is called for to replace the combustion one which exhausts the irreproducible mineral resources and even worse, heavily pollutes the air.Without using any mineral , the air-powered engine(APE),which outputs the mechanical energy transformed from the compressed air energy into the torque form, is of completely zero emission. Funded by the Natural Science of Foundation of China-Ford Fund- “Research on air powered vehicle engine” (No.5012215) and the National 10th Five Years plan Special Research Programs of China“Research on Compressed Air powered Vehicle” (No.2003BA408B14),the application of APE in the clean vehicle field is aimed in this project; the working principles of the APE and features of the energy release of compressed are discussed; guided by systematic analysis and adequate experiments, the mathematic models one-stage and two-stage expansion APE are innovated and improved; several engines are developed; then bench and whole-vehicle tests are proceeded; their working features under different structures and parameters are profoundly analyzed. All these provide the air-powered engines optimization and further application with strong theoretical base and experiment data, which will be both theoretically and practically important in the further research work.The research work is divided into the following chapters:Chapter 1: The cause and significance of the project are introduced. Different kinds of clean autos research and their current research state nationally and internationally are summarized; the main research objects are proposed for this dissertation.Chapter 2:the working principles of APE and the energy emission features of the compressed air are analyzed with the claim that, the essential way to improve the efficiency is improve the exchange conditions, for expansion process in the cylinders. The structure of APE is discussed and referring to the air-powered motor and performance demands for the vehicle, the reciprocate structure with good sealing preferment, high efficiency, choice to meet the working process of basic APE-single-stage expansion, is analyzed and its related mathematic model is built up. The simulation methods based on this model are discussed, which is the preparation for the later research work.Chapter 3: The working characteristics of the single-stage expansion engine are researched on by the simulation. Then, the influences on the engine brought by the parameters as speed, port timing, inlet air pressure and the volume and stroke-bore ratio of the cylinder are comprehensively analyzed and the performance rules under the parameters above are obtained through the process.Chapter 4:Based on the research work in Chapter II, the mathematic model of two-stage expansion APE is established and its working characteristics are summarized. The influences on the engine s performance brought by parameters like speed, port timing, inlet air pressure two-stage bore ratio, heat-exchange and ambient temperature are comprehensively analyzed. Final, the perporming difference between the single-stage and two-stage expansion APE are compared analyzed elaboratelyChapter5: The proto single-stage expansion APE is designed and produced, The comprehensive APE test bench is built When engines are experimented on the bench, the research on integrating tech on integrating tech of air-powered vehicle is carried out simultaneously. Then the new engine and its complementary air-supply system are integrated onto the vehicle successfully, the road experiment of the first nationwide air-powered vehicle is accomplished.Chapter 6: the research work is summarized and perspectives on the future are presented.Key words: Air powered vehicle(APV), Air powered vehicle engine (APE),Mathematic model, Simulation, Single-stage ex