定语从句课件1

TheAttributiveClause 定语从句的概念 在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 定语从句一般放在先行词的后面 引导定语从句的词被称为关系词 二 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语 定语 和关系副词 在定语从句中作状语 常见的关系代词包括that which who 宾格whom 所有格whose 等 关系副词包括where when why等 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用 同时又作定语从句的重要成分 三 定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词 主句与从句不用逗号分开 从句不可省去 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开 起补充说明作用 如省去 意思仍完整 四 关系代词的用法 1 that既可以用于指人 也可以用于指物 在从句中作主语或宾语 作主语时不可省略 作宾语可省略 例如 Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐 that作主语 Thecoat that Iputonthedeskisblue 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的 that作宾语 that指人 物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 Aplaneisamachine Itcanfly Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly Heistheman Itoldyouabouthim Heistheman that Itoldyouabout Heistheman that Itoldyouabout 注意 介词提前时只能用which而不能用that that指人 物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换 但在下列情况下 一般用that而不用which Iamsureshehassomething that youcanborrow I vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine Thisisthefirstbook that hehasread Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim 1 先行词为all everything nothing something anything little much等不定代词时 2 先行词被all every no some any little much等修饰时 3 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时 4 先行词被theonly thevery thesame thelast修饰时 that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换 但在下列情况下 一般用that而不用which 5 先行词是who或who引导的主句 Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished 6 主句以Therebe引导时Thereare200peoplethatdidn tknowthething 7 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時 关系代词用that Sheisn tthegirlthatshewas10yearsago 8 当先行词是which时 关系代词用that Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换 但在下列情况下 一般用which而不用that a 先行词为that those时 用which 而不用that 例如 What sthatwhichisunderthedesk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么 b 关系代词前有介词时 一般用which 而不用that 例如 Thisistheroominwhichhelives 这是他居住的房间 c 引导非限制性定语从句 用which 而不用that 例如 Tomcameback whichmadeushappy 汤姆回来了 这使我们很高兴 2 which用于指物 在句中作主语或宾语 作主语不可省略 作宾语可省略 例如 Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市 作主语 Thefilm which wesawlastnightwaswonderful 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看 作宾语 apple theredthegreenthesmallthebig Theapplewhichisredismine Theapplewhichisgreenisyours Theapplewhichisredissmall Theapplewhichisgreenisbig which指物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省 Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear Thisrecorder which heisusingismadeinJapan Isthisthelibrary which youborrowbooksfrom Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks Mrs Clarkisangrywiththegoat 山羊 Thegoatiseatingherflowers Mrs Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhichiseatingherflowers Canyoulendmethebook Youtalkedaboutitlastnight Canyoulendmethebook which youtalkedaboutlastnight Canyoulendmethebookaboutwhichyoutalkedlastnight Doyoufindthepen Iwrotewithitjustnow DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow Doyoufindthepen which Iwrotewithjustnow 3 who whom用于指人 who用作主语或宾语 与that指人时可替换 whom只用作宾语 在口语中 有时可用who代替whom 也可省略 例如 ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人 作主语 不可省略 Sheknowthenurse who whom that wemetyesterday 他认识我们昨天见到的那位护士 作宾语 可省略 1 who指人 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief 2 whom指人 作宾语 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省 Theman whom who InoddedtoisMr Li ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi 3 当先行词是those she he they等代詞時 关系代词用who Thosewhowerelateforclassraiseyourhands thehandsomethetallthestrongthecleverthenaughty boy TheboyisTom TheboywhoishandsomeisTom TheboywhoistallisTom TheboywhoisstrongisTom TheboywhoiscleverisTom TheboywhoisnaughtyisTom TheboyisTom Theboyissmiling TheboyisTom Theboyhasaroundface TheboywhoissmilingisTom 主语 TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom TheboyisTom Hesitsinfrontofme ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom Themaniskind Everyonelikeshim Theman who everyonelikesiskind 宾语 Thewomangotthejob Wesawheronthestreet Thewoman whom wesawonthestreetgotthejob Theteacherwillgiveusatalk Wemettheteacheryesterday Theteacher whom wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk Theboyisinthelab Youwanttotalktohim Theboy whom youwanttotalktoisinthelab 实验室 Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab Thisistheboy Isitbehindhim Thisistheboy whom Isitbehind ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit Theladysteppedonhisfoot Hewasdancingwiththelady Thelady whom hewasdancingwithsteppedonhisfoot Doyouknowtheman Youwillvisithimtoday Doyouknowthemanwhomyouwillvisittoday 1 Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld Wemetheryesterday Thescientist wemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhointheworld whomthat 2 Thedressisnew Sheiswearingit Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew which 3 Heisthekindperson Ihaveeverworkedwithhim 4 Thisisthebestfilm Ihaveeverseenthisfilm HeisthekindpersonthatIhaveeverworkedwith whowhom ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen 注意 1 当定语从句中含有介词 介词放在句末时 who that which可省略 但介词在关系代词前时 只能用 介词 which whom 结构 例如 Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear 这是我们去年居住的房子 PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说 2 含有介词的固定动词词组中 介词不可前置 只能放在原来的位置上 例如 Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor 这就是你要找的那个人 3 that作介词的宾语时 介词不能放它的前面 只能放在从句中动词的后面 例如 Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway 她居住的城市非常远 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 Mysister whoistwenty worksinabank Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语 如果去掉 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义 这种从句和主句关系十分密切 写时不用逗号分开 非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切 只是对先行词作些附加说明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然清楚 这种从句 写时往往逗号分开 whose在定语从句中作定语 表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系 whose多指人 也可指物 指物时可与ofwhich互换使用 Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass HeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterday MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital Herlegswerebadlyhurt Her WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing Ihavetoldyouherstory her Thisteacher withwhosesonIwork islikedbyallthestudents Thechairwhoselegsarebrokenisbeingrepairednow Thechair thelegsofwhicharebroken isbeingrepairednow Thebossofthecompanytoldthestoryabout HisnamewasMrLittle His Thebosshadheardabouttheaccident MrKingworkedinhisdepartment his 复习定语从句中的关系副词 when where why I llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague onwhich ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago inwhich Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate Itrainedheavily forwhichhewaslatefortheclass 1 Doyouknowtheman B istalkingwithyourfather Yes he sourheadmaster A heB whoC whichD whom2 Isthistheriver B Icanswim A whichB inwhichC thatD theone3 Thisisthebesthotelinthecity C Iknow A whereB whichC thatD it4 Canyoulendmethedictionary A theotherday A thatyouboughtB youboughtitC thatyouboughtitD whichyouboughtit5 Anyone C withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands A whichagreesB whoagreeC whoagree