-高考英语阅读理解技巧细节事实题二ppt课件.ppt

细节理解题的解题步骤和方法 一 细节理解题的分类 1 集中型 2 分散型 Whichofthefollowingisnottrue Wecanlearn inferfromthepassagethat WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedabout 10上海 70 Asismentionedinthecard thelimitationoftheresearchpapermainlyliesinthat 三大法宝 顺序原则 二 细节理解解题方法 定位词 排除法 一 把握解题的顺序原则 Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious butsometypesaredeadly Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms Certainmicroorganisms 微生物 causemosttypesoffoodpoisoning Bacteriaandothermicroorganismscanpoisoneggs meat vegetables andmanyotherfoods Afterenteringthebody thesetinylivingthingsrelease 释放 poisonsthatmakepeoplesick Somechemicalscanalsocausefoodpoisoning Theyareoftenaddedtofoodwhileitisbeinggrown processed orprepaid Forexample manyfarmersspraychemicalsoncropstokillweedsandinsects Somepeoplemayhaveabadreactiontothosechemicalswhentheyeatthecrops Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople Theseinclude 51题答案 5253题答案 53题答案 53题答案 certainkindsofseafood grains nuts seeds beans andmushrooms Whenpeoplehandlefoodproperly theriskoffoodpoisoningisverysmallMicroorganismsmultiplyrapidlyindirtyplacesandinwarmtemperatures Thismeansthatpeopleshouldnevertouchfoodwithdittyhandsorputfoodonunwashedsurfaces Foodshouldbekeptinarefrigeratortostopmicroorganismsfromgnawing Meatneedstobecookedthoroughlytokillanydangerousmicroorganisms Peopleshouldalsowashfoodcoveredwithchemicalsbeforeeatingit Finally peopleshouldnoteatraidmushroomsorotherfoodsthatgrowinthewild Someofthesefoodsmaycontainnaturalmaterialsthatarepoisonoustohumans Inaddition sometypesoffishcanbepoisonous Mostpeoplerecoverfromfoodpoisoningafterafewdaysofrestinganddrinkingextrawater Ifpeopleeatnaturalpoisons theymustgotothehospitalrightawaytohavetheirstomachsemptied 一 把握解题的顺序原则 54题答案 二 通过定位词寻找出题点 定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素 前者适用于解答细节理解题 后者用于解答主旨大意题 1 表示人名 地名等的专有名词和表示年份 数字 百分数等的数词 以及题干中出现的大写的名词 2 表示实体意义 指代一件具体事物的名词 3 题干中词义鲜明的动词 形容词 副词等 2010辽宁 64 AccordingtoCaliforniastudy thelow scoringgroupmight 2010全国卷II 51 WhyaresomeChineselikelytogoskiingintheEurope 2010广东 48 Whenyourcolleaguebringsaboutaproblem youshould 2010江苏 56 WhichofthefollowingdothesurnamesinthepassageNOTcover 67 Indianelephantsaregettingincreasinglyangryandtheyrevengebecause 在原文中我们可以找到对应的句子 Increasingly theIndianelephantisangry formanyyears illegalhuntershaveattackeditanditshomeinthejunglehasbeenreducedtosmallpiecesofland Itisnowfightingback 定位词的转换形式 a 同义改写 WhenIwassix Dadbroughthomeadogoneday whowascalled Brownie MybrothersandIalllovedBrownieanddiddifferentthingswithher Oneofuswouldwalkher anotherwouldfeedher thentherewerebaths playingcatchandmanyothergames Brownie inreturn lovedeachandeveryoneofus Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem Wealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround 41 WhatwouldBrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily A Lookatthemsadly B Keepthemcompany C Playgameswiththem D Touchthemgently sick WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica Iwasashamedofmymother sChineseEnglish BecauseofherEnglish shewasoftentreatedunfairly Peopleindepartmentstores atbanks andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously didnotgivehergoodservice pretendednottounderstandher orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher 41 Whywastheauthor smotherpoorlyserved A ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish B Shewasoftenmisunderstood C Shewasnotclearlyheard D Shewasnotverypolite Butthekeyissueisreallymoney Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion 68 Accordingtothepassage thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh speedrailwayplanis A technicalissuesB safetyofthesystemC financialproblemsD maintenanceofrailwaytracks Tuesday sDailyNewssaid29 yearwholeftthespotquicklyaftertherescuelastSaturday 51 WhatdidDuretdoshortlyaftertheambulancecame A HewasinterviewedbyanewspaperB HeaskedhisgirlfriendforhisdryclothesC HewenttothehospitalintheambulanceD Hedisappearedfromthespotquickly b 转变词性与结构 ConfuciussuggestedRuleasaprinciplefortheconductoflife Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou Heassumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth thoughsomepotentialthanothers arethatitwasknowledgethatsetmenapart Socratesfocusedonindividual andthoughtthatthegreatestpurposeofmanwastoseekwisdom Hebelievedthatsomehadmorepotentialtodeveloptheirreasonthanothersdid LikeConfucius hebelievedthatthesuperiorclassshouldruletheinferior 下层的 classes 66 WhatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersaccordingtoConfucius A FamilyB PotentialC KnowledgeD Community It 11beawin winproject Forothercountries therailwaynetworkwilldefinitelycreatemoreopportunitiesforbusiness tourismandsoon nottomentionthebettercommunicationamongthosecountries ForChina suchaprojectwouldnotonlyconnectitwiththerestofAsiaandbringsomemuch neededresources butwouldalsohelpdevelopChina sfarwest Weforeseethatinthecomingdecades millionsofpeoplewillmigratetothewesternregions wherethelandisemptyandresourcesunused Withhigh speedtrains peoplewillsetupfactoriesandbusinesscentersinthewestonceandfora11 Andthey 11tradewithCentralAsianandEasternEuropeancountries 67 China snewhigh speedrailwayplanwillbeawin winprojectbecause A Chinawillgetmuch neededresourcesanddevelopitswesternregionsB ChinaandthecountriesinvolvedwillbenefitfromtheprojectinvariouswaysC ChinawilldevelopitsrailwaysystemandcommunicationwithothercountriesD theforeigncountriesinvolvedwilldeveloptheirrailwaytransportation businessandtourism HOWTOTAKELIPITORDO TakeLipitorasprescribedbyyourdoctor Trytoeatheart healthyfoodswhileyoutakeLipitor TakeLipitoratanytimeofday withorwithoutfood Ifyoumissadose 一剂 takeitassoonasyouremember Butifithasbeenmorethan12hourssinceyourmisseddose wait Takethenextdoseatyourregulartime Don t Donotchangeorstopyourdosebeforetalkingtoyourdoctor Donotstartnewmedicinesbeforetalkingtoyourdoctor 58 Ifithasbeenover12hourssinceyoumissedadose youshould A changetheamountofyournextdoseB eatmorewhentakingyournextdoseC haveadoseassoonasyourememberD takethenextdoseatyourregulartime Brownieturnedouttobemorethanjustourfamilypet shewenteverywherewithus Peoplewouldstopandaskiftheycouldpether Ofcourseshe dletanyonepether Shewasjustthemostlovabledog Thereweremanytimeswhenwe dbeoutwalkingandasmallchildwouldcomeoverandpullpmherhair sheneverbarked 吠 ortriedtogetaway Funnythingisshewouldsmile Thisfrightenedpeoplebecausetheythoughtshewasshowingherteeth Farfromthetruth shelovelyeveryone 44 SomepeoplegotfrightenedbyBrowniewhenshe A smiledB barkedC rushedtothemD triedtobefunny 离散型细节理解 在选项中找到定位词 66 AccordingtoRaeArmantrout A her10thbookismuchbetterB herwinningthePulitzerisunexpectedC themediaissurprisedatherworksD shelikesbeingrecognizedbyherreaders RaeArmantrout whohasbeenapoetryprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego UCSD fortwodecades haswonthe2010PulitzerPrizeinthepoetrycategoryforhermostrecentbook Versed I mdelightedandamazedathowmuchmediarecognitionthatthePulitzerbrings ascomparedtoeventheNationalBookCriticsAward whichIwasalsosurprisedanddelightedtowin saidArmantrout Foralongtime mywritinghasbeenjustbelowthemediaradar andtohavethiskindofattention suddenly withmy10thbook isreallysurprising A过度推测 D过度推测 C项断章取义 三 排除法 1 正确选项的特征正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬 但是一般是原文的改写 意思不变 如换一个同义词 把否定改为肯定 把肯定改为否定等 2010江苏 68 Accordingtothepassage thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh speedrailwayplanis A technicalissuesB safetyofthesystemC financialproblemsD maintenanceofrailwaytracks a 张冠李戴 把A事物的特点说成是B事物的 企图混淆视听 2 错误选项的特征 Otherearlysurnamescamefrompeople soccupations ThemostcommonoccupationalnameisSmith whichmeansapersonwhomakesthingswithironorothermetals Inthepast smithswereveryimportantworkersineverytownandvillage Someotheroccupationalnamesare Carter apersonwhoownedordroveacart Potter apersonwhomadepotsandpans 57 Accordingtothepassage theancestorsofthePotterfamilymostprobably A ownedordroveacartB madethingswithmetalsC madekitchentoolsorcontainsD builthousesandfurniture 48 WhatdoweknowaboutJarolimfromthetext A SheissuccessfulinherjobB ShefindsherlifefullofstressesC ShespendshalfofhertimetravelingD Sheisespeciallyinterestedinmuseums b 断章取义 抓住一个字眼或细节做文章 对作者本意歪曲的理解 c 过度猜测 文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息 选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测 Whenyou relyingonthewhitesandsoftheMexicanRiviera thestresses 压力 oftheworldseemamillionmilesaway Hey stop Thisisnovacation youhavetofinishsomething Sure it sgreattowriteaboutatouristattraction butyou dbettergetthelocal 当地的 museumhourscorrectoryoucouldreallyruinsome