高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit 7.ppt

高等院校研究生英语系列教材 综合教程 上 INTEGRATEDCOURSE Unit7 ExploringHumanNature Content StartingoutReadingFocusReadingMorePracticalTranslationFocusedWritingFinalProject Task1Whatdistinguisheshumanbeingsfromotheranimals Workwithyourpartnertolistthebehaviorthatisuniquetohumanbeings thatisuniquetootheranimalsandthattheyhaveincommon P191 Startingout Basedonwhatyou velistedabove discusswithyourpartnerthedifferencesbetweenhumanbeingsandotheranimalsintermsoftheirnatureandinstincts P191 Startingout Task1 Reference Animalinstinctisruledbydesires emotionsandneedsthathavetobefulfilledregardlessofthetimeandplace Whilehumannature whichisalsodrivenbythoseneeds emotionsanddesires ismostlycontrolledbybrain whichisrelatedtologic morals backgrounds religions etc Whencontrolisnotpresent ournatureisbasicallynothingbutanimalinstinct Task2ThefollowingviewpointsconcerninghumannaturewerecontendedbythreeprominentphilosophersinancientChina Whodoyouagreewith Doyouagreecompletelyorpartly Givespecificexamplestosupportyouropinion P191 Startingout Task2 Confucius humans oratleastmalehumans possessthecapacityforperfection althoughtheymustconsciouslystrivetoactualizeit Mencius humannatureisgood andpeoplearenaturallyinclinedtowardvirtue Unfortunately thenegativeelementsofsocietytendtocorruptmanypeople andonlyafewareabletoovercomethem Laozi humansatbirtharelikeuncarvedblocksofwood pu andastheygetolder societymoldsandshapesthem Educationbrutalizespeopleandcreatestheseedsofsocialturmoilandnegativebehavior Startingout Task2 Task3ReadthefollowingstoryaboutJimmyanddiscusswithyourpartnerthequestionsthatfollowthestory P192 Startingout Task3 Questionsfordiscussion 1 WhatmadeJimmybecomeathiefbeforehisarrest 2 Wasithisdestiny hisnature hislifeexperience livingenvironmentorsomethingelsethatshapedhisbehavior SadMoviesListento SadMovies asongwhichtellsasentimentalstory anddothefollowingtasks Startingout 1 Completethelyricsbyfillingintheblankswithmissingwords 2 Describethecharactersof I mydarling and mybestfriend 3 Tellwhichofthesecharactersareuniversaltohumanbeings orinotherwords areinthenatureofallhumanbeings SadMoviesSadmoviesalwaysmakemecryHesaidhehadtoworksoIwenttothe aloneTheyturneddownthe andturnedtheprojectoronAndjustasthenewsoftheworldstartedtobeginIsawmydarlingandmybestfriend in Iwassittingtheretheydidn tseeAndsotheysatrightdowninfrontofmeWhenhekissedherlipsIalmost Andinthemiddleofthecolor IstartedtocryOh oh ohsa a a dmoviesalwaysmakemecryOh oh ohsa a a dmoviesalwaysmakemecry show lights walk Though died cartoon Startingout AndsoI upandslowlywalkedonhomeAndmamasawthe andsaid What swrong Andsotokeepfromtellinghera Ijustsaidsa a a dmoviesmakemecryOh oh ohsa a a dmoviesalwaysmakemecryOh oh ohsa a a dmoviesalwaysmakemecryOoh ooh ooh ooh oohOoh ooh ooh oohSa a a dmoviesmakemecry got tears lie Startingout OnHumanNature ReadingFocus ReadingFocus WatchavideoclipfromtheAmericanhitTVdramaseriesPrisonBreak anddiscusswiththegroup MichaelScofieldsaidattheendoftheclip Themanyou retalkingaboutdiedthemomentIsteppedintothesewalls DoyouthinkSara theprisondoctor wouldtakehiswordforit BackgroundInformation ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Para 1 Paras 2 9 Para 10 Introduction ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Humannatureisthebasisofcharacter the temperamentanddisposition itisthatindestructible matrixuponwhichthecharacterisbuilt andwhose shapeitmusttakeandkeepthroughoutlife H Man sinherentgoodnessisrevealedbyhiscountlessactsofheroism unselfishnessandsacrifice ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding ofhumannature A Thebasicnatureofhumanbeingsdoesnotandcannotchange B Noonewisheshisnaturetochange C Humannatureisevertruetoitself nottosystemsoffaithoreducation D Theconstancyofhumannatureisproverbial E Humannaturecanbestudied controlledanddirected F Man sspiritisperfect onlythepersonalityandthephysicalbody Body G Man smajestyandnobilityaretakenforgranted Onlybehaviors becomeimperfect deviatedfromthenormalattractattention Characteristics Conclusion ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding onlyendeavortounderstandmanasheis Humannaturedoesnotandcannotchange wecan Task2 Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext P198 Key 2345678 A D C C D B B A ReadingFocus DetailedInformation CriticalThinking ReadingFocus Thefollowingaretwosentencesfromthetext P200 1 Theconstancyofhumannatureisproverbial asnoonebelievesthatamancanfundamentallychangehisnature 2 Astudyofhistoryrevealsthatthepeoplewhowalkedthisearthinantiquityweremovedbythesamefundamentalforces wereswayedbythesamepassions andhadthesameaspirationsasthemenandwomenoftoday ReadingFocus CriticalThinking StepOne Interpretthesentencesinyourownwordsandtellyourpartnerwhetheryouagreewiththeauthorornot Givespecificexamplestosupportyouropinions StepTwoDiscussingroupsthefollowingquestions P200 ReadingFocus CriticalThinking 1 Asfarasschoolsareconcerned whatdoyouthinktheycandotomakehumannatureclosertoperfection 2 Accordingtotheauthor wecantrytounderstandhumannature Howdoyouthinkwecandothis 1 Eachmanseeshimselfasunique andsofarasheisconcernedthehuboftheuniverse differentfromanyotherindividual Para 3 Inthissentence thestempartis eachmanseeshimselfasuniqueandthehuboftheuniverse so asfarassb beconcerned intheopinionofsb e g 1 在美国人眼里 alotofourhotelsarebelowaverage 2 在我看来 youcanforgetaboutit ReadingFocus LanguagePoint AsfarasAmericansareconcerned AsfarasI mconcerned asfarassth beconcernedorwheresth isconcerned underthecircumstancesthatconcernsth e g 1 Asfarastrafficisconcerned therearenodelaysatthemoment 2 Whereworkisconcerned Ialwaystrytodomybest 翻译 每个人都把自己看成是独特个体 而且 就他而言 他就是宇宙的中心 有别于其他任何人 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 2 ApologiesareinorderwhenMr SmithismistakenforMr Jones Para 3 beinorder beinasituationinwhicheverythingisconrolled well organisedorcorrectlyarrangede g 1 Pleaseseethatthisroomisinorderwhenthevisiorsarrive 2 Iwantyoutoarrangetheseinorder puttingthelargestfirst thenthenext andsoon 2 tobeasuitablethingtodoorsayonaparticularoccasione g 1 Isitinordertoaskthespeakerquestionsatthemeeting 2 Attheendofaprogram applausefortheperformersisinorder ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 3 anofficialdocument tobelegalandcorrecte g 1 Isyourimmigrationpapersinorder 2 Ihaveexaminedtheaccountbooks andfoundtheminorder 4 Somethingonedoestobeallowedbytherulesinacommittee courtparliamentetc e g Isitinorderformetoparkmycaroutsidethebuilding ReadingFocus LanguagePoint mistake for towronglythinkthatsomeoneorsomethingissomeoneorsomethingelsee g 1 Awomanmistookhimforawell knownactor andaskedhimforhisautograph 2 Thedoctormistookthesymptomsforbloodpoisoning took mistook for mistake take for tobe took for take for ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 辨析 mistake for 和take for tobe I him hisbrother Theyareextremelyalike Didyou themargarine butter We him acoward butwesoonfoundoutourmistake Doyou me afool 3 Notwopeoplewilleverdrawthesameconclusionsfromthesameexperiences buteachmustinterpreteventsandfitthemintothemosaicofhisownlife spattern Para 4 fitinto1 tobepartofagrouporsysteme g 1 Mostfilmlocationsbroadlyfitintotwocategories thoseonprivatepropertyandthoseinapublicplace 2 Unlesstheitemisaveryshortone Iamafraidwecannotfititintotheprogramme 2 tobeacceptedbythepeopleinagroupororganizatione g Shefittedintotheteamverywell 翻译 两个人从相同的经历中不会得出相同的结论 但是两个人会各自分析这些事件并将它们融合到自己丰富的生活模式中去 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 4 Humannatureisevertruetoitself nottosystemsoffaithoreducation Para 4 Paraphrase Humannatureisloyaltoitself insteadoftoanysystemsoffaithorexternalteachings ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 5 Eachholdstothestructureofthemoldintowhichthesoulwascastatthetimeofitsindividualization Para 4 Paraphrase Eachhumannaturestickstothecharacteristicsandlimitationsofthemoldwherethesoulisformedanddevelopsitsindividualities 辨析holdtovs holdontoholdto tobelieveorbehaveaccordingtoabelief principle promiseetc holdonto tokeepsomethingratherthanlosingit sellingitorgivingittosomeoneelse ReadingFocus LanguagePoint Doyoustill yourintentionofgoingtoAustralia Whateveryourargument Istill mydecision Thesoldiers thebridgeforthreemoredays IthinkIwill theseoldrecordsfornow holdto holdto heldonto holdonto ReadingFocus LanguagePoint holdtovs holdonto 6 Peopleknowfromexperiencethatanindividualwhoinoneyeardisplaysknavishcharacteristicsseldominthenextbecomesanydifferent Nordoesathiefbecomeatrustworthyemployee oramiseraphilanthropist Nordoesamanchangeandbecomealiar cowardortraitoratfiftyorsixty ifheisonethen hehasbeenoneeversincehischaracterwasformed Para 5 Inthissentencegroup negativewords seldom nor nor connectthreenegativesentences Andsentencesbeginningwiththenegativeword nor arepartiallyinverted Nordoesathiefbecomeatrustworthyemployee oramiseraphilanthropist Nordoesamanchangeandbecomealiar cowardortraitoratfiftyorsixty ReadingFocus LanguagePoint Othernegativesthatrequirepartialinversionwhentheybeginasentenceasanadverbialelementinclude neverseldomrarelynowherelittlebarely whenscarcely whennottillhardly when before nosooner thanunder innocircumstancesinnowayinnocaseonnoaccountbynomeansnotasingleworde g Rarely 我看到过 suchabeautifulsunset Innocase 你可以离开 thepost Bynomeans 应该让他单独呆着 Nosooner 他去睡觉 thanthetelephonerangoncemore haveIseen areyoutoleave shouldhebeleftalone hadhegonetosleep ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 代词one在这里替代的是上文提到的 aliar cowardortraitor One当代词替代刚提到的可数名词的用法还有 Iwantaphotographofyou wouldyougivemeone Myshoesaresimilartotheonesyouhadonyesterday ThefirstquestionisonewhichJasonhasanticipated Notes one可以替代中心词为可数名词的名词短语 中心词为不可数名词的话 用some来代替 e g Ifyouwantadrink I llgetyouone ShallIpassthebutter Orhaveyougotsomealready ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 当中心词为复数名词 前面无形容词等修饰语限定 只具有泛指意义时 要用some不能用ones e g Ifyoulikegrapes Iwillgetyousome 如果可数名词前面有形容词等修饰语限定 用ones e g AthomeintheUnitedStateshisresponseswouldhavebeennormalones ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 7 Thespiritisperfect butwhenitinhabitshumanstructures itparticipatesintheimperfectionsofthelatter andduringitsassociationwithmattertakesonthemortalweaknesses desiresandlimitations Para 7 Thelatter meansthesecondorthelastpeopleorthingsjustmentioned hererefersto humanstructure e g Ofthetwochoices Ipreferthelatter Theformer thelatter oftenusedtorefertothefirstandthesecondpeopleorthingsthatarejustmentionede g Whereunemploymentandcrimearehigh itcanbeassumedthatthelatterisduetotheformer 翻译 精神是完美的 但它栖居到人类肉体结构中后 便参与其中 表现出后者的不完美 在它与物质的联系过程中呈现出凡人的弱点 欲望和局限 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint takeon1 tobegintohaveaparticularqualityofappearancee g Herfacetookonafierceexpression Afterthestudentsputupchristmasdecorations theclassroomtookonaholidayappearance 2 tostarttoemploysomeonee g Isthesupermarkettakingonanymoreassistants 3 toagreetodoworkorberesponsibleforsomethinge g Don ttakeontoomuchwork theextracashisn tworthit ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 8 Man smajestyandnobilityaretakenforgranted althoughhisfaultsandweaknessesareconstantlyparadedbeforeoureyes Para 8 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint Paraphrase Humanbeingsareundoubtedlyseenasgreatandnoblebynature althoughtheirbadbehaviorsoftenremindusthattheyareimperfectandhaveweaknesses takesth sb forgranted 1 toexpectthatsomeoneorsomethingwillalwaysbetherewhenyouneedthemandneverthinkhowimportantorusefultheyaree g Peopletookelectricityforgranteduntiltheirsupplyiscutoff Sheknewthatshewasindangeroftakinghimtoomuchforgranted 2 believethatsomethingistruewithoutmakingsuree g Hejusttookitforgrantedthathewouldpasstheexam Mr Harpertookforgrantedthattheinvitationincludedhiswife ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 9 Dailyonereadsofmensavingothersattheperiloftheirownlives Para 8 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint ParaphraseEverydaypeoplereadfromnewspapersormagzinesofthestoriesofhowmensaveothersattheriskoflosingtheirownlives theperilofsth doingsth adangerorprobleminaparticularactivityorsituatione g theperilsofstarringinatelevisioncommercialDoesheunderstandtheperilsofmountainclimbing dosth atone speril dosth dangerousandthatcouldcauseproblemse g Theseregulationsaremadeforyoursafety ifyoudisobeythem youdosoatyourownperil ReadingFocus LanguagePoint Task1Choosetheanswerthatbestexplainstheunderlinedwordorphraseinthesentence P201 ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction Key 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A C B B C A B C A C Task2Formnewwordsbycombiningaffixesandtherootwordsgiveninthebox thenchooseawordinitsappropriateformtocompleteeachofthesentencesbelow P202 ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction in un mis de im tion or ible ar ee nessdis er st al ly ment ially ial inal ation ist able part fold selfish selfish perfectemploy proverb refine destr crim takealter li consider trait philanthrop ially un un ness im ee ment uctible ial in inal mis ation ar able or ist Task2 ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 1 Thereislittlepointputtinga n doorinaframethatwillrotin10years 2 Awoman himforawell knownactor andaskedhimforhisautograph 3 Intheirlessonsatschool boysandgirlsmaylearnaboutsuchvirtuesas courage disciplineandloveofone scountry 4 Democracy nomatter isstillthebestmethodofgovernment 5 Maxwalkedpasther withoutacknowledgingherpresencebytheslightest inhisexpression 6 Whethersheisvictimor remainsunknown indestructible mistook unselfishness imperfect alteration traitor ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 7 A n amountofresearchwasdoneherebyoursciencedepartment 8 Shemaybestupid butshe snota n 9 Weareamulti nationalcorporationwith140 000 worldwide 10 Asthestory welearnmoreaboutMax schildhood 11 Thenewtheoryisa n ofCorbin stheoryofpersonalitydevelopment 12 AndrewCarnegiewasatrue givingawaymillionstocharity 13 The wassenttoprisonfor10years 14 Lisaisdeafinoneearand blind 15 Hismodestyis considerable liar employees unfolds refinement philanthropist criminal partially proverbial Task3CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseinbracketsintoEnglish Trytousetheexpressionsyouhavelearnedfromthetext P203 ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 1 在我看来 someotherarrangementwouldhavebeensatisfactory 2 Themanagementcontrolprocessshould 应该尽量评测既定目标是否已经达到 3 Who sthatguyAlly 整晚一直专注地和他交谈 Itwouldbeunwiseto 仅凭一次调查结果就得出结论 SofarasI mconcerned endeavortomeasure whetherpredeterminedgoalsarebeingachieved hasbeenengrossedinconversationwith allnight drawconclusionsfromtheresultsof asinglesurvey ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 5 他既没有朋友 也没有熟人 nordidhemakeany 6 Onlythen 她才告诉他袭击的事 7 Shelly 正如我们所见 hadmetherthroughhisuncle 8 Itwasonlylately 他自己才成家 9 Iamafraid 你谈到的这些问题是体制固有的 10 Heliked 工作认真的年轻人 11 Theteacher 与以往不同 andgaveoutnohomework didshetellhimabouttheattack aswehadseen thathehadhadafamilyhimself theproblemsyoumentionareinherentinthesystem youngpeopleconscientiousintheirwork youngpeoplewhoareconscientiousintheir deviatedfromhercustom Hehadnofriendsnoracquaintances Ifyoufollowthatcourseofaction itwillbe 冒着丧失自己生命的危险 13 Hislifehad 呈现出一片新面貌 14 I mperfectly 能够照顾我自己 thankyou 15 Thefurnitureismade 和200年前几乎一样的式样 16 Thelifeboatwassentoutto 拯救沉船上的海员 17 葡萄牙参加了战争 bysendinganarmytoFrance 18 Thedifficultyis 由于我们的无知造成的 ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction takenonanewdimension capableoflookingaftermyself inmuchthesamewayasitwas200 yearsago rescuethesailorsfromthe sinkingship Portugalparticipatedinthewar duetoourignorance attheperilofyourownlife atyourownperil PracticalTranslation 修辞是艺术 也是科学 根据修辞格的特征 修辞可分为词语修辞 结构修辞和音韵修辞三个方面 对不同类别的修辞格主要有三种翻译方法 修辞的翻译 1 直译法 保留原文句子结构和修辞 努力再现其形 内容和风格 英汉语言中有对应修辞格的辞格 如明喻 暗喻 拟人 夸张 转喻 反语 设问 反问 排比等 一般通过直译法处理 2 意译法 为了传达原文的确切含义 舍弃原文辞格的形式 从而使译文自然贴切 具有较强的可读性 若找到相似的修辞方式 也要认真加工以增强译文的表达效果 对偶 拟声 脚韵 双关 反复等修辞 常采用意译的处理方法 3 弥补法 对无法翻译的辞格 如头韵 联边 回文 镶字 仿词等 可根据不同的语境采用不同的策略 内容重要非译不可的可通过换格 加重语气 加上脚注等办法补救 与原作思想力度和情节发展无重大关系的修辞格 干脆不译 1 Asitturnedout Iwentfromthefryingpanintothefire 不料我跳出油锅 却又跳进了火中 2 Withsomanycarrots I llbearealgem B C Muffins 有这么多克拉 胡萝卜 我是颗真宝石 贝蒂妙厨发糕 原文使用的暗喻 在译文中被完全直译 结构 形象 意义都得以保留 这是美国BettyCroker食品公司宣传其产品之一发糕的广告语 旨在表明内容的实在 分量的充足 营养的丰富 原文用了谐音双关的修辞格 即carrots 胡萝卜 和Croat 克拉 同音异义 译文将carrots处理成 克拉 从而与下半句中的 宝石 意思连贯 原意 胡萝卜 以加注的形式体现出来 3 TheInternetisalsofun Youcanwritetooldfriends Orcheckouttheirwebpages Enjoywebbasedsoapoperas Laughatonlineparodiesandjokes JoininaliveNetEvent ChatwithotherInternetsurfers 英特网也很好玩 你可以给老朋友写信 或查看他们的网页 欣赏网上电视连续剧 网上还有模仿的滑稽剧和笑话让你开心 你可以参与实况网络动态节目 与别的英特网冲浪者聊天 4 Thetechnologyofmillimeterwaveguidanceisstillinitsinfancynow 毫米波制导技术目前才刚刚起步 通过直译原文由一连串短句组成的排比 译文条理清晰 语势如瀑 拟人用法 initsinfancy 译成 刚刚起步 意思和修辞格得以保留 比直译 尚处在婴儿期 更符合汉语表达习惯 5 Withdetermination withluck andwithhelpfromlotsofgoodpeople Iwasabletorisefromtheashes 凭着我的决心 我的运气 还有许多善良人们的帮助 我终于得以东山再起 6 Theelectronicdevicesareusedincomputersasswitchesthatsimpleturnonandoff 这些电子器件在计算机中起开关作用 只是开开关关而已 risefromtheashes指的是凤凰每五百年积木焚身 从灰烬中获得新生 要在译文中体现这一典故显然太过复杂 译文干脆舍去凤凰焚身的形象 意译为东山再起 英语辞格押头韵的手法历来被认为是很难译的 汉语表达的叠音词琅琅上口 较好地弥补了原文的音韵美 又为意境的营造推波助澜 一定程度上保留了形和声两方面的美 7 Embalmedinbooks theirspiritswalkabroad 他们那保存在书中的精神走向了世界各地 8 Agoodbookisoftenthebesturnofalifeenshriningthebestthatlifecouldthinkof 一本好书往往就是人的一生最好的归宿之所 它珍藏着人的思想的精华 Urn的意思是 收藏东西的陶质器皿 瓮 放置死人骨灰的骨灰瓮 在本句表示人死后保存他们思想精华的东西 译文淡化了urn的形象 抛弃了隐喻修辞格 意译为 归宿之所 意思清楚明了 通俗易懂 效果优于直译 将人的精神像制作木乃伊一样用油膏和香料保护起来 这种说法在汉语中很难再现 译文舍弃了原文的修辞格 意译为 保存 TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese Payparticularattentiontotherhetorictechniques ParagraphOneTheconstancyofhumannatureisproverbial asnoonebelievesthatamancanfundamentallychangehisnature Thisiswhyitissodifficultforonewhoacquiredanunsavoryreputationtore establishhimselfinpublicconfidence Peopleknowfromexperiencethatanindividualwhoinoneyeardisplaysknavishcharacteristicsseldominthenextbecomesanydifferent Nordoesathiefbecomeatrustworthyemployee oramiseraphilanthropist Nordoesamanchangeandbecomealiar cowardortraitoratfiftyorsixty ifheisonethen hehasbeenoneeversincehischaracterwasformed Bigcriminalsarefirstlittlecriminals justasgiantoaksarefirstlittleacorns TranslationforReference 人性的恒定性是众所周知的 因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性 这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心 人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观 小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工 吝啬鬼也不可能变成慈善家 一个人也不会在五六十岁的时候变成谎话精 懦夫或叛徒 如果那时候他是 那么早在他性格形成的时候他就已经是了 大罪犯最初都是小罪犯 正如大橡树最初都是小橡果 ParagraphTwoIrecalledhishighspirits hisvitality hisconfidenceinthefuture andhisdisinterestedness Itwasimpossiblethatitwasthesameman andyetIwassureofit Istoodup paidformydrink andwentoutintotheplazatofindhim Mythoughtswereinaturmoil Iwasaghast Icouldneverhaveimaginedthathewasreducedtohisfrightfulmisery Iaskedmyselfwhathadhappened Whathopesdeferredhadbrokenhisspiri