主谓一致ppt课件 (2).ppt

Revision 1 概念 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致 2 找出下列句子的错误 1 Thepoliceiscomimgsoon 2 Thesadnewsmakemecry 3 Myshoesisnew 4 Therichisgoingtobelookedafterwell 5 Thispairofglassesaremine 6 Thefirstclassbeginateighteverymorning 先测一测 makes are are are is begins Let stry 3 1 OurclassaregoingtohikenextweekOurclassarebigandclean 2 Aspeakerandwriterdoesexerciseeveryday Aspeakerandawriterdoesexerciseeveryday Doyouknowthedifferences 3 AnumberofChinesearelearningEnglish Thenumberofthestudentsareforty 哪一句表达正确 4 主谓一致三原则 1 语法一致原则 指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系 主语为单数形式 谓语动词用单数形式 反之 谓语动词用复数形式 Tomisagoodstudent Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground 5 2 意义一致原则 指谓语动词的单 复数要取决于主语所表达的概念 而不取决于表面上的语法标记 指主语形式上为单数 但意义为复数 因此谓语动词用复数形式 或主语形式上为复数 但表示单数意义 这是谓语动词用单数形式 Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook Myfamilyisabigfamily Therearetwentydollarsonthedesk 6 1 主语形式虽为单数 但意义为复数 谓语动词用复数 Myfamily be watchingTVat7o clockyesterdayevening 单数形式代表复数内容的词有people police 等 2 主语形式为复数 而意义上却是单数 谓语动词用单数 Thenews be veryexciting 复数形式代表单数内容的词有news works 工厂 means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics politics economics等 is are 7 就近一致原则 指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时 谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致 Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk 提示 一般说来 究竟何时采用何种原则 应视英语习惯用法而定 但在实际使用中 如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时 遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法 8 名词作主语 1 单数名词 不可数名词作主语时 谓语用单数形式 复数名词作主语 谓语用复数形式 ThedeskisTom s Somewaterisinthebottle Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground 9 2 某些集体名词 如family team club class public group等作主语时 如果作为一个整体看待 谓语动词用单数形式 如果就其中一个个成员而言 谓语动词用复数形式 Hisfamilyisahappyone ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV 10 3 某些集体名词 如people police clothes等 只当复数看待 谓语动词必须用复数 Thepolicearesearchingforthethief 4 单 复数同形的名词如sheep deer fish Chinese Japanese主语时 谓语动词应根据意义决定单 复数 Asheepisoverthere Somesheepareoverthere 11 5 名词所有格之后的名词被省略 这种情况一般只指商店 工厂 住宅等 作主语时 动词一般用单数 Thedoctor sisacrossthestreet Myuncle sisnotfarfromhere 常见的省略名词有 thebaker s 面包房 thebarber s 理发店 theZhang s 张家 等 注 the 姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人 TheGreensarehavingbreakfastnow 12 6 表示成双成套的名词作主语时 谓语动词通常用复数形式 例如 glasses shoes chopsticks pants等 Thepantsaremine Myglassesareonthetable 但如果主语用 akindof apairof aseriesof等加名词 构成时 谓语动词一般用单数形式 Apairofshoeswasunderthedesk Twopairsofshoeswereunderthedesk 13 7 当表示国家 城市 人名 书名 报纸 杂志 及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时 作为整体 谓语动词用单数形式 TheUnitedStatesliesinNorthAmerica 8 news maths physics politics等词貌似复数 实为单数 其谓语动词用单数 Nonewsisgoodnews Mathsisverypopularinourclass 14 连接词连接的名词作主语 15 1 用and或both and连接并列主语 谓语动词通常用复数形式 Plasticsandrubberneverrot Walkingandridingaregoodexercises 注 A 并列主语如果指的是同一个人 同一事物或同一概念时 谓语动词用单数形式 否则 用复数 这种情况常有两种结构形式 a n and n 指的是同一个人或物 a n and a n 指两个人或物 Thewriterandteacheriscoming Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming B 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each every 等修饰时 结构是each every n and each every n 其谓语动词要用单数形式 Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat Everymanandeverywomanisatwork 16 2 当主语后面跟有aswellas alongwith with like togetherwith but except besides including 等引导的词组时 其谓语动词的单 复数由前面的主语而定 1 Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary 2 Thewomenwithtwochildrenismyaunt 3 Mike likehisbrother enjoysplayingfootball 4 Thestudents includingtheirteacher aregoingtothebraveman 5 NobodyexceptMr LiandMrs Lilikessoprts 6 Mr Libesideshissonslikessports 17 3 以either or neither nor notonly butalso not but等连接的名词 代词 作主语时 谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则 Eitheryouorheistogo Notonebutallofusarehopingtobethere Therebe结构 依据就近一致原则 Thereisabook twopensonthedesk Therearetwopens abookinthedesk 18 1 Herearetwonovels OneiswritteninEnglish TheotherisinChinese 2 Iseveryoneheretoday 3 Somethingiswrongwithhim 4 Noneofthemhasseenthefilm 5 Eitheroftheboysisready 6 Neitherofthesewordsiscorrect 7 Eachofthepenscoststhreedollars 8 Nobodywasin 4 不定代词somebody someone something anybody anything everybody everyone everything nobody noone nothing either neither each theother another作主语 谓语动词通常用单数 19 分数和量词作主语 20 1 表示时间 价格 度量 距离 金额 书名 重量 数目 长度 数学运算等的词或短语作主语时 这些通常作一个整体概念 谓语用单数形式 1 Twomonthsisalongholiday 2 Twentypoundsisn tsoheavy 3 Tenmilesisn talongdistance 4 Fiveminusfourisone 5 TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish 21 2 分数 百分数 of 名词做主语时 谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数 Tenpercentoftheappleswerebad 注意 population一词 用作整体时 谓语动词用单数 用其部分做主语时 谓语动词形式用复数 ThepopulationofChinais13 6billionand70 ofthepopulationarepeasants 3 anumberof后面加复数名词或代词 其动词用复数形式 但thenumberof后面加复数名词或代词时 其谓语用单数 ThenumberoftheteachersinNo 2MiddleSchoolisover100 anumberofthemareyoung 22 名词化的形容词作主语 如果主语由 the 形容词 结构担任表示一类人或物时 谓语通常用复数 这类词有 thepoor therich theblind theyoung theold thesick thedead thedeafanddumb Therichoftenhelpthepoor 23 PRACTICE 24 一 给句子填上is am are 1 There somemilkandsomebottlesonthetable 2 NeitherJimnorMary right 3 EitheryouorI goingtoworkthere 4 Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher happy 5 There somesheepandachildoverthere is is am is are 25 Therebe A and B Either A or B Neither A nor B Notonly A butalso B 动词 Thinkingmakesyouclever 就近原则 26 1 Behindthehouse be sometrees 2 Everystudentandeveryteacher come toschoolontimeinthemorning 3 Nomanandnowoman like theseshoes 4 Heorshe have gonethere 5 Whathesaid sound reasonable 6 I be theninthletter Canyouworkthemout are comes likes has sounds is Truegoldfearsnotthefire 27 找出各句中的错误 1 Anumberofstudentshasseenthefilm 2 Thiskindofapplestasteverygood 3 Notonlymyclassroombutalsomyteacherarefondofsports 4 TheGreenshasreturnedtoEngland 5 Thosewhoonlythinksofthemselvescanneverbehappy 6 Wheneachpersoncomein theymustshowtheirtickets have tastes is have think comes Thinkcarefully 28 7 Tenthousandpoundsarealotofmoney 8 Marylikesmanyothergirlslikesdancing 9 WeareChinese YoutwoareGerman 10 Thesingeranddancerlookveryyoung 11 Breadandbutteraremyfavoritebreakfast 12 Nobodybutthetwinsistersknowthesecret Icanmakeit is like Germans looks is knows 29 1 Eachofthestudents adictionary A haveB isC areD has2 Howtimeflies Tenyears passed A haveB hasC isD are3 N