高级英语1 U5-Conservatives and Liberalsppt课件.ppt

Unit5ConservativesandLiberals 新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材 修订版 高级英语1电子教案 1 DetailedReading Contents WarmUp GlobalReading ConsolidationActivities FurtherEnhancement TextAppreciation 2 Section1 WarmUp PoliticalQuiz Wheredoyoustandpolitically Whatpoliticalcategorydoyouthinkyoufitinto theconservativetypeortheliberaltype Wheredoyoustandonimportantnationalissues ThepoliticalmapontheQuizgivesanaccuraterepresentationofthetrue diversepoliticalworld TheQuizmeasurestendencies notabsolutes Lead in BackgroundInformation 3 HowdoyoustandonPERSONALISSUES Section1 WarmUp Lead in BackgroundInformation 20100Governmentshouldnotcensorspeech press mediaorInternet AMDMilitaryserviceshouldbevoluntary Thereshouldbenodraft AMDThereshouldbenolawsregardingsexbetweenconsentingadults AMDRepeallawsprohibitingadultpossessionanduseofdrugs AMDThereshouldbenoNationalIDcard AMD Scoring Foreachstatement circleAifyouAgree MforMaybe ordon tknow orDifyouDisagree 20foreveryA 10foreveryM and0foreveryD 4 HowdoyoustandonECONOMICISSUES Section1 WarmUp Lead in BackgroundInformation 20100End corporatewelfare Nogovernmenthandoutstobusiness AMDEndgovernmentbarrierstointernationalfreetrade AMDLetpeoplecontroltheirownretirement privatizeSocialSecurity AMDReplacegovernmentwelfarewithprivatecharity AMDCuttaxesandgovernmentspendingby50 ormore AMD Scoring Foreachstatement circleAifyouAgree MforMaybe ordon tknow orDifyouDisagree 20foreveryA 10foreveryM and0foreveryD 5 Section1 WarmUp Lead in BackgroundInformation Findyourscoreonthechart MarkyourPERSONALscoreonthelower leftscale yourECONOMICscoreonthelower right Thenfollowthegridlinesuntiltheymeetatyourpoliticalposition Thechartshowsthepoliticalgroupthatagreeswithyoumost 6 Section1 WarmUp Lead in BackgroundInformation Whatdoesyourscoreonthechartmean Libertarianssupportagreatdealoflibertyandfreedomofchoiceinbothpersonalandeconomicmatters Theybelievegovernments onlypurposeistoprotectpeoplefromcoercionandviolence Theyvalueindividualresponsibility andtolerateeconomicandsocialdiversity Libertarians 7 Section1 WarmUp Lead in BackgroundInformation Whatdoesyourscoreonthechartmean Left liberals generallyembracefreedomofchoiceinpersonalmatters butsupportcentraldecision makingineconomics Theywantthegovernmenttohelpthedisadvantagedinthenameoffairness Leftiststoleratesocialdiversity butworkforwhattheymightdescribeas economicequality Left liberals 8 Section1 WarmUp Lead in BackgroundInformation Whatdoesyourscoreonthechartmean Right conservatives Right conservatives favorfreedomofchoiceoneconomicissuesbutwantofficialstandardsinpersonalmatters Theytendtosupportthefreemarket butfrequentlywantthegovernmenttodefendthecommunityfromwhattheyseeasthreatstomoralityortothetraditionalfamilystructure 9 Section1 WarmUp Lead in BackgroundInformation Whatdoesyourscoreonthechartmean Centrists Centristsfavorselectivegovernmentinterventionandemphasizewhattheycommonlydescribeas practicalsolutions tocurrentproblems Theytendtokeepanopenmindonpoliticalissues Manycentristsfeelthatgovernmentservesasacheckonexcessiveliberty 10 Section1 WarmUp Lead in BackgroundInformation Whatdoesyourscoreonthechartmean Statistswantgovernmenttohaveagreatdealofcontroloverindividualsandsociety Theysupportcentralizedplanning andoftendoubtwhetherlibertyandfreedomofchoicearepracticaloptions Statists 11 Section1 WarmUp AbouttheAuthorRalphWaldoEmersonwasbornonMay25 1803inBoston Massachusetts HeiswidelyregardedasoneofAmerica smostinfluentialauthors philosophersandthinkers In1836 Emersonexpressedthemainprincipleofhisphilosophy knownasTranscendentalism intheessay Nature inwhichEmersonheldthatknowledgecanbeobtainedbystudyingthoughtratherthanbypracticalexperience 1803 1882 BackgroundInformation Lead in 12 Section1 WarmUp Emersonurgedindependentthinkingandstressedthatnotalllife sanswersarefoundinbooks InhisTheAmericanScholaraddressedtothePhiBetaKappaSocietyatCambridgein1837 Emersonstatedthat Booksarethebestofthings wellused abused amongtheworst Hebelievedthatascholarlearnsbestbyengaginglife Emerson sessayson TheConductofLife outlinewhatonemightdotoengagelife skillfully ThisessayisanexcerptfromalectureWaldoEmersongaveattheMasonicTemple Boston onDecember9 1841 andwaspublishedaspartofNature AddressesandLecturesin1849togetherwith TheTranscendentalist anepoch makingessayinthehistoryofAmericanculturalthoughts BackgroundInformation Lead in 13 Section1 WarmUp SaturnSaturn inRomanreligionandmythology godofharvests lateridentifiedwiththeGreekKronos Littleisknownoftheoriginsofhiscult HisreignwasregardedastheGoldenAge HewasthehusbandofOpsandthefatherofJupiter Juno Ceres Pluto andNeptune ItwassaidthatafterthefalloftheTitans SaturnfledtoItaly wherehesettledontheCapitolineHill civilizedthepeople andtaughtthemtheartsofagriculture BackgroundInformation Lead in 14 Section1 WarmUp UranusUranus inGreekreligionandmythology theheaven firstruleroftheuniverse sonofGaea theearth HewasthefatherofGaea schildren theTitans theCyclopes andtheHundred handedOnes theHecatoncheires Fearingthathischildrenwouldrebelagainsthim heimprisonedthem butKronos orSaturnintheRomanmythology aTitan withthehelpofGaea castratedhim therebytakingawayhispower BackgroundInformation Lead in 15 Section1 WarmUp JupiterChiefgodofancientRomeandItaly LikehisGreekcounterpart Zeus hewasworshipedasaskygod WithJunoandMinervahewasamemberofthetriadofdeitiestraditionallybelievedtohavebeenintroducedintoRomebytheEtruscans Jupiterwasassociatedwithtreaties alliances BackgroundInformation Lead in andoaths hewastheprotectingdeityoftherepublicandlaterofthereigningemperor HisoldesttemplewasontheCapitolineHillinRome HewasworshipedonthesummitsofhillsthroughoutItaly andallplacesstruckbylightningbecamehisproperty Hissacredtreewastheoak 16 Section1 WarmUp FateFate inRomanmythology thespokenword fatum ofJupiter theunalterablewillofheaven Theplural Fata theFates wasusedforthe destinies ofindividualsorcities andthenforthethreegoddessesthatcontrolledhumandestiny BackgroundInformation Lead in 17 Section2 GlobalReading Whatisthetextmainlyabout StructuralAnalysis MainIdea ThispieceofanalyticwritingpresentsthereaderswithasharpcontrastbetweenConservatismandLiberalism twomostfundamentalwaysofthinkinginhumanlife Theauthornotonlyoutlinesrespectivelythefeaturesofthetwopartiesfromaneutralstand butalsomakesobjectiveanddialecticcommentsonboth Itishissincereeffortsthatleadtohismostenlighteningconclusion Eachisagoodhalfbutanimpossiblewholeandinatruesociety inatrueman bothmustcombine 18 Section2 GlobalReading Pleasedividethetextinto3partsandsummarizethemainideaofeachpart StructuralAnalysis MainIdea PartI Paragraphs1 2 Aroughdescriptionoftheantagonismbetweenthetwoparties Inthefirsttwoparagraphs theauthorbrieflydescribestheantagonismbetweenthepartyofConservatismandthatofInnovationandpointsouttheessenceoftheantagonism whichisthereflectionofthetwopolesofhumannature 19 StructuralAnalysis MainIdea PartIII Paragraphs10 11 Thedifferencesbetweenthetwowaysofthinking Paragraph10presentsasharpcontrastbetweenConservatismandReform Paragraph11getsacrosstothereadersthemessagesthatonlywhenboththeelementsofconservatismandreformarecombinedcanbeautybeachieved PartII Paragraphs3 9 Twowaysofthinkingreflectedinanoldfable Paragraphs3 9contain afragmentofoldfable whichvividlyandclearlyillustratesthedifferentwaysofthinkingofthetwoparties Section2 GlobalReading 20 Section3 DetailedReading 1Thetwopartieswhichdividethestate thepartyofConservatismandthatofInnovation areveryold andhavedisputedthepossessionoftheworldeversinceitwasmade Thisquarrelisthesubjectofcivilhistory Theconservativepartyestablishedthereverendhierarchiesandmonarchiesofthemostancientworld Thebattleofpatricianandplebeian ofparentstateandcolony ofoldusageandaccommodationtonewfacts oftherichandthepoor reappearsinallcountriesandtimes Thewarrages ConservativesandLiberals 21 Section3 DetailedReading notonlyinbattlefields innationalcouncils andecclesiasticalsynods butagitateseveryman sbosomwithopposingadvantageseveryhour Onrollstheoldworldmeantime andnowone nowtheothergetstheday andstillthefightrenewsitselfasifforthefirsttime undernewnamesandhotpersonalities 2Suchanirreconcilableantagonism ofcourse musthaveacorrespondentdepthofseatinthehumanconstitution ItistheoppositionofPastandFuture ofMemoryandHope oftheUnderstandingandtheReason 22 Section3 DetailedReading Itistheprimalantagonism theappearanceintriflesofthetwopolesofnature 3Thereisafragmentofoldfablewhichseemssomehowtohavebeendroppedfromthecurrentmythologies whichmaydeserveattention asitappearstorelatetothissubject 4Saturngrewwearyofsittingalone orwithnonebutthegreatUranusorHeavenbeholdinghim andhecreatedanoyster Thenhewouldactagain buthemadenothingmore butwentoncreatingtheraceofoysters ThenUranuscried anewwork OSaturn Theoldisnotgoodagain QUESTION 23 Section3 DetailedReading 5Saturnreplied Ifear Thereisnotonlythealternativeofmakingandnotmaking butalsoofunmaking Seestthouthegreatsea howitebbsandflows Soisitwithme mypowerebbs andifIputforthmyhands Ishallnotdo butundo ThereforeIdowhatIhavedone IholdwhatIhavegot andsoIresistNightandChaos 6 OSaturn repliedUranus Thoucanstnotholdthineown butbymakingmore Thyoystersarebarnaclesandcockles andwiththenextflowingofthetide theywillbepebbleandseafoam 24 7 Isee rejoinsSaturn thouartinleaguewithNight thouartbecomeanevileye thouspakestfromlove nowthywordssmitemewithhatred IappealtoFate musttherenotberest IappealtoFatealso saidUranus musttherenotbemotion ButSaturnwassilentandwentonmakingoystersforathousandyears 8Afterthat thewordofUranuscameintohismindlikearayofthesun andhemadeJupiter andthenhefearedagain andnaturefroze thethingsthatweremadewentbackward andtosavetheworld JupiterslewhisfatherSaturn Section3 DetailedReading 25 Section3 DetailedReading 9ThismaystandfortheearliestaccountofaconversationonpoliticsbetweenaConservativeandaRadical whichhascomedowntous Itiseverthus Itisthecounteractionofthecentripetalandthecentrifugalforces Innovationisthesalientenergy Conservatismthepauseonthelastmovement ThatwhichiswasmadebyGod saithConservatism Heisleavingthat heisenteringthisother rejoinsInnovation 10Thereisalwaysacertainmeannessintheargumentofconservatism joinedwithacertainsuperiorityinitsfact Itaffirmsbecauseitholds Itsfingersclutchthefact anditwill QUESTION 26 notopenitseyestoseeabetterfact Thecastle whichconservatismissettodefend istheactualstateofthings goodandbad Theprojectofinnovationisthebestpossiblestateofthings Ofcourse conservatismalwayshastheworstoftheargument isalwaysapologizing pleadinganecessity pleadingthattochangewouldbetodeteriorate itmustsaddleitselfwiththemountainousloadofalltheviolenceandviceofsociety mustdenythepossibilityofgood denyideas andsuspectandstonetheprophet whilstinnovationisalwaysintheright triumphant attacking andsureoffinalsuccess Section3 DetailedReading 27 Section3 DetailedReading Conservatismstandsonman sincontestableimitations reformonhisindisputableinfinitude conservatismoncircumstance liberalismonpower onegoestomakeanadroitemberofthesocialframe theothertopostponeallthingstothemanhimself conservatismisdebonairandsocial reformisindividualandimperious Wearereformersinspringandsummer inautumnandwinterwestandbytheold reformersinthemorning conserversatnight Reformisaffirmative conservatismnegative conservatismgoesforcomfort reformfortruth Conservatismismorecandid 28 Section3 DetailedReading tobeholdanother sworth reformmoredisposedtomaintainandincreaseitsown Conservatismmakesnopoetry breathesnoprayer hasnoinvention itisallmemory Reformhasnogratitude noprudence nohusbandry Itmakesagreatdifferencetoyourfigureandtoyourthought whetheryourfootisadvancingorreceding Conservatismneverputsthefootforward inthehourwhenitdoesthat itisnotestablishment butreform Conservatismtendstouniversalseemingandtreachery believesinanegativefate believesthatmen stempergovernsthem thatforme itavailsnotto 29 Section3 DetailedReading trustinprinciples theywillfailme Imustbendalittle itdistrustsnature itthinksthereisagenerallawwithoutaparticularapplication lawforallthatdoesnotincludeanyone Reforminitsantagonisminclinestoasinineresistance tokickwithhoofs itrunstoegotismandbloatedself conceit itrunstoabodilesspretension tounnaturalrefiningandelevation whichendsinhypocrisyandsensualreaction 11Andsowhilstwedonotgobeyondgeneralstatements itmaybesafelyaffirmedofthesetwometaphysicalantagonists thateachisagoodhalf butanimpossiblewhole Eachexposes QUESTION 30 Section3 DetailedReading theabusesoftheother butinatruesociety inatrueman bothmustcombine Naturedoesnotgivethecrownofitsapprobation namely Beauty toanyactionoremblemoractorbuttoonewhichcombinesboththeseelements nottotherockwhichresiststhewavesfromagetoage nortothewavewhichlashesincessantlytherock butthesuperiorbeautyiswiththeoakwhichstandswithitshundredarmsagainstthestormsofacenturyandgrowseveryyearlikeasapling ortheriverwhicheverflowing yetisfoundinthesamebedfromagetoage or 31 Section3 DetailedReading agetoage or greatestofall themanwhohassubsistedforyearsamidthechangesofnature yethasdistancedhimself sothatwhenyourememberwhathewas andseewhatheis yousay whatstrides Whatadisparityishere ACTIVITY QUESTION 32 Section3 DetailedReading Whatistheessenceoftheirreconcilableantagonismbetweenthetwoparties Paragraphs1 2 Itisrootedinthehumanconstitution andisthereflectionofthetwopolesofhumannature 33 Section3 DetailedReading Whatissuchafableintendedfor Paragraphs3 9 Theauthor sintentionoftellingthefableistoechothestatementinparagraph2thattheconflictbetweentheconservativeandtheliberalcanbetracedbacktoancienttimesevenbeforehumanbeingswerecreated Eventhoseimmortalgodswerealsosubjecttothesetwoopposingwaysofdealingwiththings Thereforewecanseehowprevalentandpowerfulthetwooppositesare 34 Section3 DetailedReading Accordingtotheauthor whatarethemajorconcernsofconservatism Paragraph10 Conservatismemphasizestradition authority lawandorderandtheimpossibilityofachievinganythingUtopianwhichromanticslongfor 35 Section3 DetailedReading Doconservativeandliberalwaysofthinkinginvariablyfallintotwodefinitelydifferentcategoriesofthoughtpatterns Paragraph10 No Theymightcoexistinonepersonatdifferentstagesofhislife Therefore theauthorsays Wearereformersinspringandsummer inautumnandwinterwestandbytheold reformersinthemorning conserversatnight 36 Section3 DetailedReading Accordingtotheauthor willthesocalled irreconcilableantagonism inevitablyleadtodisastrousconsequences Paragraph11 Notnecessarilyso Assoonaspeopleestablishtheideaintheirmindthatbothelementsshouldbecombined theymightworkoutawaytostrikeabalancebetweenthetwo Torealizethatthereexistthepossibilityofasolutionandthenecessityofmutualunderstandingmaywellbethefirststeppeopletakeontheirlongwaytosuccess 37 Section3 DetailedReading Activity1 Conservativevs LiberalBeliefsConservativesandliberalsapproachalmosteveryissuewithcompletelydifferentphilosophies underlyingassumptions andmethods Ofthefollowingbeliefs whichonesdoyouthinkareheldbyconservativesandwhichbyliberals 38 Section3 DetailedReading a Humanlifebeginsatconception Abortionisthemurderofahumanbeing Anunbornbaby asalivinghumanbeing hasseparaterightsfromthoseofthemother Taxpayerdollarsshouldnotbeusedforthegovernmenttoprovideabortions b Awomanhastherighttodecidewhathappenswithherbody Afetusisnotahumanlife soitdoesnothaveseparateindividualrights Thegovernmentshouldprovidetaxpayerfundedabortionsforwomenwhocannotaffordthem Thedecisiontohaveanabortionisapersonalchoiceofawomanregardingherownbodyandthegovernmentmustprotectthisright Issue Abortion conservativebelief liberalbelief a b 39 Section3 DetailedReading a Thedeathpenaltyshouldbeabolished Itisinhumaneandis cruelandunusual punishment Imprisonmentistheappropriatepunishmentformurder Everyexecutionriskskillinganinnocentperson b Thedeathpenaltyisapunishmentthatfitsthecrimeofmurder itisneither cruel nor unusual Executingamurdereristheappropriatepunishmentfortakinganinnocentlife Issue DeathPenalty conservativebelief liberalbelief a b 40 Section3 DetailedReading a Amarketsysteminwhichgovernmentregulatestheeconomyisbest Governmentmustprotectcitizensfromthegreedofbigbusiness Unliketheprivatesector thegovernmentismotivatedbypublicinterest Governmentregulationinallareasoftheeconomyisneededtoleveltheplayingfield b Thefreemarketsystem competitivecapitalism andprivateenterprisecreatethegreatestopportunityandthehigheststandardoflivingforall Freemarketsproducemoreeconomicgrowth morejobsandhigherstandardsoflivingthanthosesystemsburdenedbyexcessivegovernmentregulation Issue Economy conservativebelief liberalbelief a b 41 Section3 DetailedReading a Supportcompetitive freemarkethealthcaresystem Allpeopleshouldhaveaccesstohealthcare Thedebateisaboutwhoshouldpayforit Freeandlow costgovernment runprograms socializedmedicine resultinhighercostsandeveryonereceivingthesamepoor qualityhealthcare Healthcareshouldremainprivatized b Supportfreeorlow costgovernmentcontrolledhealthcare Therearemillionsofpeoplewhocan taffordhealthcareandaredeprivedofthisbasicright Everyoneshouldhavearighttoaffordablehealthcare Thegovernmentshouldprovideequalhealthcarebenefitsforall regardlessoftheirabilitytopay Issue HealthCare conservativebelief liberalbelief a b 42 Section3 DetailedReading a Euthanasiashouldbelegalized Apersonhasarighttodiewithdignity byhisownchoice Itiswrongtoforceapersontogothroughsomuchpainandsuffering Permittingeuthanasiawouldreducehealthcarecosts whichwouldthenmakefundsavailableforthosewhocouldtrulybenefitfrommedicalcare b Euthanasiashouldnotbelegalized Itisimmoralandunethicaltodeliberatelyendthelifeofaterminallyillperson Thegoalshouldbecompassionatecareandeasingthesufferingofterminallyillpeople Legalizingeuthanasiacouldleadtodoctor assistedsuicidesofnon criticalpatients Issue Euthanasia conservativebelief liberalbelief a b 43 Section3 DetailedReading a Marriageistheunionofpeoplewholoveeachother Itshouldbelegalforgay lesbian bisexualandtransgenderindividuals toensureequalrightsforall Allindividuals regardlessoftheirsexualorientation havetherighttomarry Prohibitingsame sexcitizensfrommarryingdeniesthemtheircivilrights b Marriageistheunionofonemanandonewoman Requiringcitizenstosanct