2019年定语从句用法的总结.doc

定语从句用法的总结 定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，下面定语从句用法的总结是想跟大家分享的，欢迎大家浏览。 一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰某一句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。被修饰的词称为先行词。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有where,when,why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne. (2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway. 2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus. (2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend. 3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys. (2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday. 4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whoetovisitthecityeachyear risesonemillion. (6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning? 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. (2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow? 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 1.关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous. (2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous. (3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor. (4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked. (5)Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalk-edabout. (6)Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked. 2.关系代词前的介词的选择 *由先行词的习惯搭配或根据先行词的需要。 (1)Thespeedatwhichlighttravelsis300,000kmpersecond.(atthespeedof以速度) (2)Thereasonforwhichhedidntetoschoolwasthathewasill.(foracertainreason由于某种原因) *介词可能是从句短语动词的一个固定部分或固定搭配 (3)Dontbringchildrentoseetheanimalsofwhichtheyareafraid.(beafraidof害怕) (4)ThisistheteacherfromwhomIborrowedthebook.(borrowfrom从借入 注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等 (1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T) (2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F) 2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that;指物时用which，不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose (1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T) (2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F) (3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisveryfortable.(T) (4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisveryfortable.(F) 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词 (1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim. (2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad. (3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities. 四.关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 (1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool. (2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame. 2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 (1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn. (2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown. 3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 (1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane. (2)Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday. 注意：1.关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear. (2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup. (3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich./whereIwasborn. 2.当先行词为时间、地点、原因名词时，如果在从句中不是作状语时，不可用关系副词引导。 (1)Thereason(that/which)heg