初中英语阅读理解.docx

直接引语变间接引语语法讲解；（内部资料，仅供参考）；一.直接引语和间接引语的定义；直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话有引号，被引用；用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分被称为间接引；人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三；“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中；Shesaid.“Mybrotherwantst；“第三人称不更新”是指直接引直接引语变间接引语语法讲解（内部资料，仅供参考）一. 直接引语和间接引语的定义直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话有引号，被引用或复述的部分被称为直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分被称为间接引语。间接引语通常在句中以宾语从句的形式出现。 二. 直接引语变为间接引语的方法 （1）人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如：She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate，How is your sister now? He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.” Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker. （2）时态直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一个时态，变成一般过去时。1. She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said she had lost a pen. （现在完成 过去完成）2. She said. “We hope so.” She said they hoped so. (一般现在 一般过去)3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。”She said he would go to see his friend. (一般将来 过去将来)但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。如：“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.”Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, “I get up at six every morning.”He said he gets up at six every morning. （3）其它直接引语变间接引语，具有指代性的词也需要变化，一些具体变化如下：1指示代词 this -that these - those表示时间的词 now - then today - that day this week(month,etc.) - that week (month, etc.) yesterday - the day before last week(month) - the week(month) before three days(a year)ago - three days(a year)before tomorrow - the next (following ) day next week(month)-the next(following)week(month)表地点的词 here - there 动词 bring - take come - go 三、句型： 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。句中常用say， tell 等 如： She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反义疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由if或whether（是否）引导的宾语从句中常用ask如： He said, “Can you swim, John?” He asked John if he could swim.“You have finished the homework, haven?t you?” my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。句中常用askHe said ,”where was she going?” he asked where she was going.She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask,)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。如： “Don?t make any noise,” she said to the children. She told the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引语变间接引语练习题 一、专项练习1He said: “I?ve left my book in my room.” 2She said: “He will be busy.”3She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 4She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” 5The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”6The teacher said to the students, “Don?t waste your time.” 7The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” 8The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” 9My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”10The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” 二、巩固练习：1. Our teacher asked us _ our dictionaries to school.A. bring B. brought C. bring D. to bring 2. The teacher told the boy students _ football on the grass. A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing 3. _ Tom didn?t go to school?A. Do you know how B. Why do you know C. How you know why D. Do you know why4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how5. Betty asked her sister _ to the railway station to see her off.A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go 6. The pupil asked his teacher _ round the earth.A. weather the moon goes B. that the moon went C. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went 7. Mr. Li _ Wang Ling _ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; take B. asked; taking C. told; take D. told; to take 8. She asked him _.A. whose dictionary this is B. whose dictionary that was C. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is9. Do you know _?A. what is he doing B. what he doingC. what he is doing D. what does he do now 10. I don?t know _ to learn English.A. when did he begin B. when he began C. he when began D. when he begins 11. Can you guess _?A. what is that man B. who that man is C. whom that man is D. who is that man 12. I wonder how much _.A. does he spend on his car B. did he spend on his car C. he spent on his car D. he spent in his car专项练习答案：1 He told me that he had left his book in his room. 2 She said that he would be busy.3 She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his. 5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6 The