陕西省宜川县高考英语一轮复习 九月阅读理解学与练题2.doc

陕西宜川县2017高考英语九月阅读理解学与练题（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。(2014长沙二模)if youre thinking about reaching for another biscuit to get you through the working day，think again.eating unhealthy snacks at your desk makes you pile on almost half a stone a year，a survey has revealed.the waistlines of women suffer the most，with the average female putting on 6lb 3ozthe equivalent of a whole dress sizewhile men see their weight increase by 5lb 2oz.the report into our eating habits found that，on average，we eat at least two snacks a day，with 30 percent of us tucking into three or more.women admit eating more than men，with a further 13 percent of ladies scoffing four or more snacks a day.the research，by the village bakery，found biscuits are the most common vice，with 42 percent regularly opening a pack，closely followed by chocolate (38 percent)，crisps (32 percent) and cakes ( 13 percent)and office workers are worse than most.cakes and biscuits brought into work by colleagues are one of the main temptations office staff give in to.in addition，33 percent admit reaching for nibbles to cope with stress and 22 percent say they need a sugar rush to perk them up in the afternoon.simon staddon，of the village bakery，said：“we were aware timepoor office workers can find it difficult to easily access a nutritional lunch.but we were really shocked by the extent to which quick fix lunches are affecting weight gain and general wellbeing.popular midafternoon pickmeups such as biscuits，chocolate and cakes are high in calories，fat and full of sugar，all of which affect your blood sugar levels and ultimately lead to weight gain.”the survey of 2，000 british men and women suggests we are often ashamed of our unhealthy eating.twentyfour percent of britons admit lying about how many snacks they eat with 33 percent of women lying，compared to 20 percent of men.unfortunately，its as if we are not likely to do anything positive to counteract the sweet treats.【语篇解读】研究发现，多吃零食能让很多人在不经意间增加很多体重，办公室工作者的情况最为严重。1according to the passage，women usually put weight on first _aon the face bon the legscon the feet din the middle答案d细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“the waistlines of women suffer the most”可知，女性的腰部变化最明显。2whats the main reason of eating snacks in the office?acolleagues eat them to save money.b.staff use them to cope with their lunches.ccolleagues often bring them to office.dbosses invite staff to eat them.答案c细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“cakes and biscuits brought into work by colleagues are one of the main temptations office staff give in to.”可知，c项正确。4why do office workers eat a “quick fix” lunch?abecause it has much of nutrition.bbecause it has little effect on weight gain.cbecause it has little effect on general wellbeing.dbecause they have a short time to have their lunches.答案d细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“we were aware timepoor office workers can find it difficult to easily access a nutritional lunch.”可知，他们吃午饭的时间很短。5it can be inferred that british women are _aless likely to lie on snacks than menbmore likely to lie on snacks than mencmore ashamed of eating snacks than mendless ashamed of eating snacks than men答案b推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句中的“how many snacks they eat with 33 percent of women lying，compared to 20 percent of men”可知，更多的女性对吃零食的数量进行了隐瞒。人物传记型阅读理解 专题导读人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。人物传记类文章一般较长，而且该类命题的题量也较多。文章中往往会出现关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此，该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性，又注重考查推理判断能力。另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或逻辑线索较清晰，但是为了提高难度，命题者往往使用倒叙、插叙或补叙等手段故意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳跃性增强，情节也更复杂化。真题典例【2011山东卷】arthur miller(19152005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.millers father had moved to the usa from austriahungary，drawn like so many others by the “great american dream”however, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the great depression of the early 1930s.millers most famous play, death of a salesman, is a powerful attack on the american system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.in willy loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has gotinto trouble with this system.willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he cant do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the wagner company, and he must go.willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success.he refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.when it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the tony award for best play，the new york drama critics circle award，and the pulitzer prize for drama.it was the first play to win all three of these major awards.miller died of heart failure at his home in roxbury，connecticut，on the evening of february 10,2005，the 56th anniversary of the first performance of death of a salesman on broadway.()1.why did arthur millers father move to the usa?ahe suffered from severe hunger in his home country.bhe was attracted by the “great american dream”che hoped to make his son a dramatist.dhis family business failed.()2.the play death of a salesman_.aexposes the cruelty of the american business worldbdiscusses the ways to get promoted in a companyctalks about the business career of arthur millerdfocuses on the skills in doing business ()3.what can we learn about willy loman?ahe treats his employer badly.bhe runs the wagner company.che is a victim of the american system.dhe is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.()4.after it was first staged，death of a salesman _.aachieved huge successbwon the first tony awardcwas warmly welcomed by salesmendwas severely attacked by dramatists ()5.what is the text mainly about?aarthur miller and his family.bthe awards arthur miller won.cthe hardship arthur miller experienced.darthur miller and his bestknown play.【解析】亚瑟米勒是二十世纪最伟大的剧作家之一。推销员之死是他最有名的一部作品，曾获得年度最佳百老汇戏剧托尼奖、普利策戏剧奖和纽约戏剧评论奖。这是第一部获得所有三项大奖的作品。1b细节理解题。由第一段“.drawn like so many others by the great american dream”可知应选b。2a细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话可知，推销员之死是对美国制度的有力的抨击，后面又告诉我们在这金钱至上的制度中，主人公因迷茫、失败最终自杀，即暴露了美国商业世界的残酷。故正确答案是a。3c推理判断题。根据第二段对剧中主角willy的介绍，尤其是“got into trouble”、“burnt out”、“painfully”、“at a loss”以及“kills himself”等关键词可以告诉我们willy是美国制度的牺牲品，故选c。4a细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话“when it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews.”可知答案为a。5d主旨大意题。从全文判断，文章主要介绍了亚瑟米勒的家庭背景和他最有名的作品推销员之死，因此d为正确答案。人物传记型阅读理解(一)there has been an outpouring of love for, a 23yearold disabled woman whose dog was killed in front of her while a groomer (美容师) tried to trim (修剪) its claws.calls and emails came from as far away as the upper peninsula and arizona as well as oakland and macomb counties, offering laurie crouch, who uses a wheelchair because of multiple sclerosis (硬化症), everything from dogs to money, such as that from jason daly of roseville who said, “i would like to buy her a new dog.”a story about the death of crouchs pet, gooch, wasprinted on the front page of macomb daily.crouch said a groomer tied gooch up with a collar, and then she and a man sat on the dog to trim its nails.gooch died after one claw was trimmed.crouch yelled at the groomer to stop when she saw gooch was struggling to breathe, but she said she was ignored.“if i could have walked, i would have put my hands on her and pulled her off my dog and physically stopped her, but i cant do that.” gooch was not a trained service animal, but naturally helped crouch by picking up things for her.“this case is absolute animal abuse (虐待)，” larry obrecht, division manager of the oakland county animal shelter in auburn hills, said.people who read the story contacted oakland press to offer help.a message, from rebecca amett of giggles n wiggles puppyrescue, in roseville, said, “we have puppies to donate and want to help the young woman who lost her service dog.”“when gooch was with me, i was happy，” crouch said.“i think i can be happy again but no animal can replace gooch.theres never going to be another gooch out there but i think i will find a dog that can bring me joy again.”()1.what does the passage mainly tell us?aa disabled womans service dog.ba cruel groomer killed a disabled womansdog.cpeoples love for a disabled woman who lost her dog.da disabled woman loves to have the dog as company. ()2.people called and emailed to _.agive their angry voice to the groomerboffer help and care to laurie crouchctell crouch how to punish the groomerdoffer a cure for crouchs disease()3.gooch died mainly because _.athe groomer was carelessbthe groomer didnt know how to trim the dogs nailscthe groomer sat on the dog with another mandthe dog was wearing a collar ()4.what do we know about crouchs dog?ait was a specially trained service dog.bit was trained to do many things for people.cit was crouchs only friend.dit could offer some help to crouch.()5.we can infer from the passage that _.acrouch must be sad after losing her dog bcrouch refused to take another dogccrouch has accepted another dog from a strangerdcrouch can live well without a dogs company【解析】 一位23岁的残疾女士，她的狗被宠物美容师压死以后，人们纷纷打电话或者发电子邮件安慰她，并表示愿意为她提供帮助。1c主旨大意题。综合文章内容可知，文章主要叙述了人们对这位失去爱狗的残疾女士的关爱。2b细节理解题。从文章第二段everything from dogs to money, such as that from jason daly of roseville who said, “i would like to buy her a new dog.”和倒数第二段可知b为正确选项。3c细节理解题。从文章第三段可知，宠物美容师和另外一个人坐在狗身上最终导致狗窒息而死。4d细节理解题。从文章第四段可知，gooch虽然没有经过特殊训练，但能够为crouch捡东西，给她提供一些帮助。5a推理判断题。从文章最后一段可知，crouch认为没有狗会替代她原来的狗，因此推断狗死了以后，她很伤心。社会文化（阅读理解）cities alarmed by deaths and injuries of pedestrians are taking efforts to make crosswalks safer for people on foot,especially seniors and children who need more time to cross streets.a pedestrian is killed in a traffic accident in the usa every 110 minutes;one is injured every nine minutes,according to official date.crosswalks can be especially dangerous for the elderly.among people 70 and older,36% of pedestrian deaths in 2006 occurred in crosswalks,compared with 21% of those younger than 70,according to the insurance institute for highway safety.the federal highway administration(fhwa) advises that next year states increase by nearly 15% the amount of time traffic lights provide for pedestrians to cross the street after the flashing orange hand appears.fhwa spokesman doug hecox says reasons for the change include an aging population that needs more time to cross,health-conscious americans walking more,children encouraged to walk to prevent getting overweight and high gas prices pushing people to walk instead of drive.pedestrian deaths went down by 12% from 5,449 in 1996 to 4,784 in 2006.but among those in 2006,471 were killed in crosswalks,down slightly from 488 ten years earlier,the national highway traffic safety administration(nhtsa)says.1.which of the following is true according to the text?()a.among 100 pedestrian deaths there were 21 people younger than 70.b.old people are more likely to meet with accidents in crosswalks.c.traffic accidents killed more old people than young people.d.about seven traffic accidents happened per hour.2.what is f