At war with the planet课件(精读6第三课).ppt

Lesson3 AtWarwiththePlanetBarryCommoner Warm upquestions Whataresomefactorsthreateningtheenvironment Haveyoudoneanythingthatisharmfultotheenvironmentinyourdailylife somethreateningfactors PopulationgrowthGlobalwarmingDepletionoftheOzoneLayer ozonehole HabitatDestructionandSpeciesExtinction deforestation desertification duststorm mudslide flood drought etc AirPollution acidrain WaterPollutionGroundwaterContaminationChemicalRisks useofchemicalfertilizer EnergyProduction nuclearenergy OzoneLayerHole Ozoneisagasthatblocksharmfulultravioletsunlight Industrialchemicalsreleasedintotheatmospherehavecausedozonetobreakdown Lowlevelsofozoneareshowninblue GullyErosion 沟状侵蚀 asevereformofsoilerosion greatlyacceleratedbyhumanactivitiessuchasurbanization deforestation overgrazingofcattle etc astheyremovetheremainingsoil Depletionofundergroundwatercausedbydeforestation Deforestation Widespreaddeforestationarecausedbyhumanactivities suchascommerciallogging agriculture mining andoilexploration etc AcidRain causedbythecombinationofsulfurdioxideandnitrogencompoundsrainwithaverylowph Normally rainwaterhasaphof6 5 makingitslightlyacidic However withtheadditionofsulfurandnitrogencompounds thephofrainwatermaydroptoaslowas2 0or3 0 makingitdangerouslyacidic chemicallyburnstheleavesofplants poisonslakewater killsmostoftheaquaticinhabitants ForestDamagedbyAcidRain Sometermsinthislesson OzonelayerGlobalwarmingSolarradiation energyUltravioletlightCarcinogenicsyntheticpesticidesMicroorganismPhotosynthesisFossilfuelsOrganiccompoundsbacteriaandmoldsalgaeCarbondioxide 臭氧层全球变暖太阳辐射紫外线致癌的合成杀虫剂微生物光合作用化石燃料有机合成物细菌和真菌藻类二氧化碳 Outlineofthetext Para 1 whatarethetwoworlds theme thetwoworldsareatwarParas 2 5 whyarethetwoworldsatwar Paras 6 14 thetwoworldsaregovernedbydifferentlawsParas 15 16 consequenceofincompatibilitybetweenthetwoworldsParas 17 21 theissueshouldbeunderstoodintermsoftheirinterplayParas 22 23 howtosolvetheconflictbetweenthetwoworlds QuestionsforParas 1 4 Howwastheresponsibilitydivided Whatisthepresentsituationconcerningthisresponsibility Whyistheimageoftheearthmisleading Canyounamesomeotherharmfuleffectsthathumanexertontheenvironment Paras 1 2Whatare thetwoworlds Someexamplesaboutthetwoworlds Paras 3 4 Paras 1 2 exempta relieve free免除的breachv tobreakalaw promise agreementorrelationship违背 违反unwittinga unintentional不知情的 无意的portendv towarnthatsth badislikelytohappeninthefuture预兆 坏事的发生 exertv puttouse运用fluctuatev tomoveorsway摇动 Infolklore thesorcerer sapprenticeaccidentallyfloodedsorcerer shousebecausehelearnedtomakeabroomfetchwaterbutnothowtomakeitstop Sorcerer sApprentice魔法师的门徒 EarthPortraittakenfromspace Paras 3 4 mundanea ordinary普通的fleecya offabrics havingsoftnapproducedbybrushing羊毛似的 起绒的overta open obvious明显的 公然的esoterica mysteriousorbeyondunderstanding神秘的 难懂的residuen somethingleftafterotherpartshavebeentakenaway残留物noxiousa harmfulordangerous有毒的 有害的nichen asmallconcavity小凹陷处radioactivityn thespontaneousemissionofastreamofparticlesorelectromagneticraysinnucleardecay辐射 放射线 Exercises theagreementtheyhadmadewiththeiremployerthe victimsofadrugsdealerearthquakeswereusedtobebelievedto theendoftheworld tasksaseatingordrinking criticism religiousteachingsexposedtohighlevelsof mundaneradioactivitybreachovertunwittingesotericportend mundane esoteric unwitting breach radioactivity overt portend Phrasesandexpressions befreeof fromwithoutsth beexemptfromnotaffectedbysth onaplanetary large small globalscale以 程度 规模tamperwithtointerferewithbecomeaccustomedtobeusedtosth Para 5 Howdothetwoworldsinteractwitheachother Aviciouscycle ThetechnospherealterstheecosphereThealteredecospherethreatensthetechnosphereConclusion thetwoworldsareatwar grandiosea impressivebecauseofunnecessarylargenessorgrandeur usedtoshowdisapproval enormous宏伟的 巨大的bountifula sufficient足够的instigatev toarouse煽动 引起counterattackn areturnedattackagainst反击 Exercises plans ideasformakingmoneyBothsidesaccuseeachotherof thefighting TheRepublicanshavelaunchedastrong againsttheDemocrats plants systemTheytendtoregardpeopleonwelfareas s parasitecounterattackinstigatingaquaticgrandiose aquatic parasite grandiose instigating counterattack lawsgoverningthetwoworlds Lawsoftheecosphere everythingisconnectedtoeverythingelse Para 6 everythinghastogosomewhere Para 10 natureknowsbest aconservativenetwork Para 12 Lawsofthetechnosphere man madeobjectsarehardlysuitabletotheirhabitat Para 7 9 itisdominatedbylinearprocessesratherthananetwork Para 11 arapidprocessofchangeandvariation Para 13 Para 6Thefirstlawofecology Afishisaparent ahabitat afish aproducer aprey aconsumerconclusion thefishissuitableinthenetwork Example Whatisthemultifunctionofafishinanaquaticecosystem plicated详细的 复杂的parasiten 寄生虫existentiallyad inthelivingfactofcase存在地precedev tohappenorappearpriortosth 先于 出现 Thefirstlawoftechnosphere Examples Paras 7 9 cars Paras 7 8 farms theapplicationofchemicalfertilizer Para 9 Howarethesethingsunsuitabletotheenvironment Doyouknowsomeotherharmfulman madeobjects attackonsth assaultonsth 攻击imposesb onsth forcesbtoacceptsalablea forsale适于销售的commodityn productforsale商品afflictv tosuffer折磨 使痛苦withlittleregardforwithoutconsiderationpropertyn characteristicsorqualities性质 特质 Thefirstlawoftechnosphere Para 9 Thesolepurposeofafarm producingcropsThesolepurposeofnitrogenfertilizer raisingyields increasingchemicalindustry sprofitsconsequence drinkingwaterispolluted Vocabulary clashn conflictorshock冲击agronomistapersonwhostudiesthegrowingofcrops农 艺 学家takeuptoabsorbprogressivelyadv gradually逐渐地nitraten 硝酸盐 Para 10Thesecondlawofecology Example fish carbondioxide aquaticplants oxygen fish fish organiccompounds aquaticbacteria molds nitrate aquaticalgae fishConclusion thereisnowaste Aclosedcyclicalprocessofaquaticecosystem asimplifiedecosystem snakes Frogs Insects Plants Ecosystem Thisillustrationpresentsasimplifiedecosystem oracommunityofinteractinglivingandnonlivingthings Producers consumersanddecomposersformanintegrated functioningwholedrivenbytheSun senergy Eachelement sroleintheecosystemisillustratedhere respirev tobreatheinandout呼吸excretev 排泄compoundn 化合物metabolizev 使新陈代谢ingestv totakefoodorothersubstancesintoyourbody digest 吸收depletetouseup使枯竭 耗尽 Exercises Plantsphotosynthesiseduringthedaymorerapidlythanthey atnight Itisnotadrugbecausethebodydoesnot it Mosttoxins 毒素 arenaturally fromthebody Thispoisonhadbeen byourtwopatients Algaecanblocklightand oxygenfromthewater ingestdepleteexcreterespiremetabolize ingest metabolized excrete respire deplete Para 11Thesecondlawoftechnosphere crops animals people waste residue rivers oceans asanintruderofthenaturalaquaticecosystem uranium power radioactivewasteConclusion goodsareconvertedintowasteandwastegoesnowhere Myexample carbondioxideintheatmosphere Industrializationhascontributedadditionalcarbondioxidetotheenvironment flushv todrainatreatmentplantn acyclicalfactoryuraniumn 铀ineffectuallyadv 没效果地 不起作用地sewagen 下水道 Phrasesandexpressions thusfarsofarbeguardedfrombepreventedfrombeconsistent compatiblewithleavesbtoone sowndevicestobefreetodoasonewishes toleavesbalonetodoastheywisharrayoflargenumberofwithrespecttoabout consideringlamentover abouttofeelorexpressgreatsadnessordisappointmentaboutsth Para 12 thethirdlawofecology Para 12 lawofecologyharmonyisbasedonaverylongperiodofevolution Paras 13 14 lawofthetechnosphereinconsistencyisbasedonrapidchangeandvariation Examples meansoftransportationwritingtoolsdevelopmentofsyntheticorganicchemistryNylon ausefulnewcommodityaharmfulintruder Translation Para 12 Thebiologicalsectoroftheecosphere ecologicalnichethattheyoccupy finelyadv precisely精细地 准确地tuneda harmonious经过调整的 和谐的adaptationn adjustment适应生态圈中的生物部分 即生物圈 是由从这样的试验中生存下来的生物构成的 它们之所以能够生存下来是因为它们进行了很好的调整 适应了它们所居住的某种生态环境 Para 13 relentlessa merciless无情的arrayn listordisplay大批 一系列quilln 羽毛管innocuousadj harmless无害的urean 尿素imitativea 模仿的polymern 聚合物cellulosen 纤维素biodegradablea 能进行生物降解的tractn 食道cordagen 缆绳 绳索 Para 14 Examples developmentofpetrochemicalindustryInwhatwayarethepetrochemicalproductsdangerousandharmfultotheecosystem shorthandn afastwayofwritingusingabbreviationsandsymbols速记petrochemicaln 石油化工产品insidiousa treacherous graduallyandsecretlycausingharm潜在的 暗中为害的enzymen 酶 Exercises Somemushroomslook butareinfactpoisonous Thisbagismadeof plastic Therearemany sinvolvedinthemetabolism Iusedtowanttostudy thedigestive reproductive High bloodpressureisan conditionwhichhasfewsymptoms oceanographyinsidiousinnocuousbiodegradableenzymetract insidious tract oceanography enzyme innocuous biodegradable consequenceofincompatibilitybetweenthetwoworlds Para 15 examples Inwhatwayarethefollowingthingsharmfultotheenvironment carspowerplantsmodernchemicalfarmingnucleardisaster distortv totwistoutofanaturalshape扭曲toxica poisonous有毒的gravea seriousorsolemn严重的emitv tosendout发射 释放resultanta happeningasaresult因此发生的 Translation Para 15 EventhespectacularnucleardisastersatThree MileIslandandChernobylwerefarlessseriousastechnicalfailuresthantheywereintheirecologicaleffects 甚至于发生在三英里岛和切尔诺贝利的巨大的核灾难 作为技术上的失败所造成的后果远不如对于生态系统所造成的后果严重 Para 16 metaphor debtsindifferentworldsWhatarethedifferencesbetweendebtsinthetwoworlds debtsintechnosphere repaidorcanceleddebtsinecosphere nevercanceledacknowledgeda publiclyacceptedorrecognized公认的mortgagen 按揭 抵押金disseminatev tospread散布 传播envelopv toenclose包围 Para 17thedefinitionofenvironmentalcrisis thecyclical conservative self consistentprocessesoftheecosphere thelinear innovative disharmoniousprocessesofthetechnosphere Aproductofthedrasticmismatchbetween Paras 18 19 Howdowesolvetheproblemoftheenvironmentalcrisis Ifwesolveitbytakingsideslikeconventionalwar whatwillbetheconsequence Para 18 iftheecosphereisignored onlythefactorsthatgovernthetechnosphereareconsidered Consequence emittingpollutantsisallowed Para 19 ifthetechnosphereisignored onlyecologicalfactorsareconsidered Consequence reducingthenumberofpeople endowinganimalswithrights conventionalwar issuescanbesolvedbytakingsidesConclusion eitherwayisincorrect Figureofspeech Para 18 Butunliketheconventionalmarketplace whichdealsingoods thingsthatserveausefulpurpose thisschemecreatesamarketplacein bads thingsthatarenotonlyuselessbutoftendeadly Pun Paras 18 19 combatantn fightersinthebattle战斗人员atthecostof以 牺牲 为代价mediatev tosettleorintervene调停 解决concoctv todevise contrive编造interplayn interaction互动 相互作用allotv toassign分派parodyn a unsuccessful copy imitation 拙劣的 模仿inducementn incentive诱因 引诱maraudern exploiter掠夺者endowv 捐助 赠与 Twoquestionsarise Para 20 Istheecospheretobeprotectedattheexpenseofhumanwelfare Isthehumanwelfareenhancedattheexpenseofecosphere artifactn man madeproducts人工制品curatorn apersoninchargeofamuseumorlibrary博物馆馆长或图书馆馆长 Exercises Theywereforcedtogiveuptheirhomebecausetheycouldn tpaythe AftersomeoneplaceditontheInternetitwasquickly aroundtheworld Ourpersonalitiesresultfromthecomplex betweenourgenesandourenvironment Negotiatorswerecalledinto betweenthetwosides He astoryaboutworkinglateattheoffice abrilliant ofclassicaldanceThepricesarethemain everythingismuchcheaperherethanatthemall Heisthemammal attheLosAngelesZoo inducementinterplaydisseminatemediateconcoctcuratorparodymortgage mortgage disseminate interplay mediate concocted parody inducement curator Differentopinions Para 20 environmentaladvocates Isthetechnospherealwaysenvironmentallyhostile Whatisyouropinionaboutthesuggestion oflivingincloserharmonywithecosystem Theauthor sopinion Para 21 Howtosolvetheproblemoftheenvironmentalcrisis thesamequestionmentionedinPara 19 ifthetechnosphereisignorediftheecosphereisignoredjudgedonlyinecologicaltermsjudgedonlyintechnologicalterms example globalwarming Para 21 IfpeopleareregardedcomponentsoftheecosystemConsequence thereisnoreasontoopposeglobalwarming IfpeopleareemphasizedConsequence Avigorousefforttohaltglobalwarming Twoextremes Para 21 Whatarethetwoextremesifwesolvetheproblembytakingsides thespreadofAIDStoreducethehumanpopulation technologyjustifieswhateverdamagetotheecosphere Someterms inhuman 残忍的 proposalsverycruelproposals lackingkindnessandpity onlyregardecosphereasthemainconcern humanist 人道主义的 approachtheapporoachregardingonlypeopleasthemainconcernn