综合理解RIP.doc

RIP需求如下:1、如下图所示，配好IP地址，全网运行RIP，宣告所有接口。其中R1、R2、R3、R4运行RIP-V2，R5运行RIP-V1。配置完毕后，整个网络要能够正常通信。2、在R2上改动四个计时器，更新计时器10S、hold down计时器30S、失效计时器60S、刷新计时器90S。3、要求R4只向S1/1口发送路由更新，不向多余的接口发送。4、在R4上做路由汇总，只向R2传递一条172.16.0.0/16的汇总路由。5、在R3上，要求看到172.16.0.0的路由负载均衡。6、要求R1与R2之间实现单播更新，不做组播更新。7、要求R1与R3之间实现触发更新，不做周期更新。8、在R2与R4之间做RIP认证，要求做MD5认证，完成后。R2能正常收R4的路由，但R4收不到R2的路由。9、在R4上用最少的命令下发一条默认路由。1:配置比较简单，不在细说R4的配置:R4#sh run | b r rrouter ripversion 2network 4.0.0.0network 24.0.0.0no auto-summaryR2的配置:R2#sh run | b r rrouter ripversion 2network 2.0.0.0network 12.0.0.0network 24.0.0.0no auto-summaryR1的配置:R1# sh run | b r rrouter ripversion 2network 1.0.0.0network 12.0.0.0network 13.0.0.0no auto-summaryR3的配置:R3# sh run | b r rrouter ripversion 2network 3.0.0.0network 13.0.0.0network 35.0.0.0no auto-summaryR5的配置:R5#sh run int s1/0Building configuration.Current configuration : 135 bytes!interface Serial1/0ip address 35.1.1.5 255.255.255.0ip rip send version 2ip rip receive version 2serial restart-delay 0endR5#sh run | b r rrouter ripversion 1network 5.0.0.0network 35.0.0.0no auto-summary2:这个配置也不难，只要在R2的RIP进程下就可以配置:R2#sh run | b r rrouter ripversion 2timers basic 10 60 30 90network 2.0.0.0network 12.0.0.0network 24.0.0.0no auto-summary这里要注意，四个时间的顺序。3:这里只要在RIP里程下就可以配置:使用passive-interface接口来做R4#sh run | b r rrouter ripversion 2passive-interface Loopback0passive-interface Loopback1passive-interface Loopback2passive-interface Loopback3network 4.0.0.0network 24.0.0.0可以打开deb ip rip ev来看：R4# deb ip rip eventsRIP event debugging is on00:38:26: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Serial1/1 (24.1.1.4)00:38:26: RIP: Update contains 4 routes00:38:26: RIP: Update queued00:38:26: RIP: Update sent via Serial1/100:38:27: RIP: received v2 update from 24.1.1.2 on Serial1/100:38:27: RIP: Update contains 7 routesR4#00:38:36: RIP: received v2 update from 24.1.1.2 on Serial1/100:38:36: RIP: Update contains 7 routesR4#00:38:46: RIP: received v2 update from 24.1.1.2 on Serial1/100:38:46: RIP: Update contains 7 routes4:这个也不难，不在多说！先看一看在汇总前，R2的路由表:R2#sh ip ro rip 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 1.1.1.0 120/1 via 12.1.1.1, 00:00:16, Serial1/1 35.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 35.1.1.0 120/2 via 12.1.1.1, 00:00:16, Serial1/1 3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 3.3.3.0 120/2 via 12.1.1.1, 00:00:16, Serial1/1 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 4.4.4.0 120/1 via 24.1.1.4, 00:00:14, Serial1/0 5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 5.5.5.0 120/3 via 12.1.1.1, 00:00:16, Serial1/1 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnetsR 172.16.1.0 120/1 via 24.1.1.4, 00:00:14, Serial1/0R 172.16.2.0 120/1 via 24.1.1.4, 00:00:14, Serial1/0R 172.16.3.0 120/1 via 24.1.1.4, 00:00:14, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 13.1.1.0 120/1 via 12.1.1.1, 00:00:16, Serial1/1R4的配置:R4#sh run int s1/1Building configuration.Current configuration : 133 bytes!interface Serial1/1ip address 24.1.1.4 255.255.255.0ip summary-address rip 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0serial restart-delay 0end再次查看R2的路由表:R2#sh ip ro rip 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 1.1.1.0 120/1 via 12.1.1.1, 00:00:15, Serial1/1 35.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 35.1.1.0 120/2 via 12.1.1.1, 00:00:15, Serial1/1 3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 3.3.3.0 120/2 via 12.1.1.1, 00:00:15, Serial1/1 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 4.4.4.0 120/1 via 24.1.1.4, 00:00:14, Serial1/0 5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 5.5.5.0 120/3 via 12.1.1.1, 00:00:15, Serial1/1 172.16.0.0/16 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 172.16.0.0 120/1 via 24.1.1.4, 00:00:14, Serial1/0 13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 13.1.1.0 120/1 via 12.1.1.1, 00:00:15, Serial1/15:RIP只支持等价的负载均衡。也就是说用来做负载均衡的路由metric必须一致R2的配置:R2#sh run | b r rrouter ripversion 2timers basic 10 60 30 90offset-list 1 out 1 FastEthernet0/0network 2.0.0.0network 12.0.0.0network 23.0.0.0network 24.0.0.0no auto-summary!access-list 1 permit 172.16.0.0现在，我们看一看R3的路由表:R3#sh ip ro rip 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 2.2.2.0 120/1 via 23.1.1.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 4.4.4.0 120/2 via 23.1.1.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0 5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 5.5.5.0 120/1 via 35.1.1.5, 00:00:05, Serial1/1R 172.16.0.0/16 120/3 via 13.1.1.1, 00:00:06, Serial1/0 120/3 via 23.1.1.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0 24.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 24.1.1.0 120/1 via 23.1.1.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 12.1.1.0 120/1 via 13.1.1.1, 00:00:06, Serial1/0 120/1 via 23.1.1.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0R 192.168.1.0/24 120/1 via 35.1.1.5, 00:00:05, Serial1/16:这个也不是很难，考察neighbor命令R1的配置:R2#sh run | b r rrouter ripversion 2timers basic 10 60 30 90offset-list 1 out 1 FastEthernet0/0network 2.0.0.0network 12.0.0.0network 23.0.0.0network 24.0.0.0neighbor 12.1.1.2no auto-summaryR1的配置:R1#sh run | b r rrouter ripversion 2network 2.0.0.0network 12.0.0.0network 13.0.0.0neighbor 12.1.1.2no auto-summary查看debug信息:R2#deb ip rip eventsRIP event debugging is onR2#00:22:36: RIP: received v2 update from 24.1.1.4 on Serial1/000:22:36: RIP: Update contains 2 routesR2#00:22:38: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via FastEthernet0/0 (23.1.1.2)00:22:38: RIP: Update contains 5 routes00:22:38: RIP: Update queued00:22:38: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Serial1/0 (24.1.1.2)00:22:38: RIP: Update contains 8 routes00:22:38: RIP: Update queued00:22:38: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Serial1/1 (12.1.1.2)00:22:38: RIP: Update contains 9 routes00:22:38: RIP: Update queued00:22:38: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Loopback0 (2.2.2.2)00:22:38: RIP: Update contains 10 routes00:22:38: RIP: Update queued00:22:38: RIP: sending v2 update to 12.1.1.2 via Serial1/1 (12.1.1.2)7:也是不难，考察命令ip rip triggeredR1的配置:R1#sh run int s1/1Building configuration.Current configuration : 104 bytes!interface Serial1/1ip address 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0ip rip triggeredserial restart-delay 0endR3#sh run int s1/0Building configuration.Current configuration : 104 bytes!interface Serial1/0ip address 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.0ip rip triggeredserial restart-delay 0end此时，我们在R3上看debug信息:R3#debug ip rip evRIP event debugging is onR3#00:28:53: RIP: received v2 update from 35.1.1.5 on Serial1/100:28:53: RIP: Update contains 2 routes00:28:53: RIP: received v2 update from 23.1.1.2 on FastEthernet0/000:28:53: RIP: Update contains 5 routesR3#00:28:57: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via FastEthernet0/0 (23.1.1.3)00:28:57: RIP: Update contains 5 routes00:28:57: RIP: Update queued00:28:57: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Serial1/1 (35.1.1.3)00:28:57: RIP: Update contains 8 routes00:28:57: RIP: Update queued00:28:57: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Loopback0 (3.3.3.3)00:28:57: RIP: Update contains 10 routes00:28:57: RIP: Update queued00:28:57: RIP: Update sent via FastEthernet0/000:28:57: RIP: Update sent via Serial1/100:28:57: RIP: Update sent via Loopback000:28:57: RIP: ignored v2 packet from 3.3.3.3 (sourced from one of our addresses)R3#00:29:03: RIP: received v2 update from 23.1.1.2 on FastEthernet0/000:29:03: RIP: Update contains 5 routesR3#00:29:13: RIP: received v2 update from 23.1.1.2 on FastEthernet0/000:29:13: RIP: Update contains 5 routesR3#00:29:19: RIP: received v2 update from 35.1.1.5 on Serial1/100:29:19: RIP: Update contains 2 routesR3#00:29:22: RIP: received v2 update from 23.1.1.2 on FastEthernet0/000:29:22: RIP: Update contains 5 routesR3#u allAll possible debugging has been turned offR3#00:29:25: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via FastEthernet0/0 (23.1.1.3)00:29:25: RIP: Update contains 5 routes00:29:25: RIP: Update queued00:29:25: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Serial1/1 (35.1.1.3)00:29:25: RIP: Update contains 8 routes00:29:25: RIP: Update queued00:29:25: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Loopback0 (3.3.3.3)00:29:25: RIP: Update contains 10 routes00:29:25: RIP: Update queued00:29:25: RIP: Update sent via FastEthernet0/000:29:25: RIP: Update sent via Serial1/100:29:25: RIP: Update sent via Loopback000:29:25: RIP: ignored v2 packet from 3.3.3.3 (sourced from one of our addresses)可以发现，没有和R3发送更新，这时，我们将R1的S1/1口showdown,再在R3上查看Debug信息:R3#deb ip rip evRIP event debugging is onR3#00:32:04: RIP: received v2 triggered request from 13.1.1.1 on Serial1/000:32:04: RIP: Removing everything from Serial1/0s retrans queue and stopping the retrans timer.00:32:04: RIP: Removing everything from 13.1.1.1s retrans queue and stopping the retrans timer.00:32:04: RIP: send v2 triggered flush update to 13.1.1.1 on Serial1/000:32:04: RIP: Update contains 8 routes, start 168, end 19500:32:04: RIP: start retransmit timer of 13.1.1.100:32:04: RIP: received v2 triggered ack from 13.1.1.1 on Serial1/0 flush seq# 200:32:04: RIP: Removing update, seq# 2, from 13.1.1.1s retrans queue.00:32:04: RIP: Stopped retrans timer for 13.1.1.100:32:04: RIP: received v2 triggered update from 13.1.1.1 on Serial1/000:32:04: RIP: sending v2 ack to 13.1.1.1 via Serial1/0 (13.1.1.3), flush, seq# 100:32:04: RIP: Update contains 0 routes00:32:04: RIP: received v2 triggered update from 13.1.1.1 on Serial1/000:32:04: RIP: sending v2 ack to 13.1.1.1 viaR3#Serial1/0 (13.1.1.3), seq# 200:32:04: RIP: Update contains 5 routes*Nov 16 10:51:49: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to down00:32:05: rip_route_adjust for Serial1/0 going down00:32:05: RIP: Removing everything from 13.1.1.1s retrans queue and stopping the retrans timer.00:32:05: RIP: Removing everything from Serial1/0s retrans queue and stopping the retrans timer.8:认证不在多说，注意配置密码的时候空格问题,R2能正常收R4的路由，但R4收不到R2的路由,将R2的S1/1口设置成passive-interfaceR4的配置:R4#sh run int s1/1Building configuration.Current configuration : 204 bytes!interface Serial1/1ip address 24.1.1.4 255.255.255.0ip rip authentication mode md5ip rip authentication key-chain ciscoip summary-address rip 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0serial restart-delay 0endR4#sh run | b r rrouter ripversion 2passive-interface Serial1/1network 4.0.0.0network 24.0.0.0network 172.16.0.0no auto-summaryR4# sh runBuilding configuration.key chain ciscokey 1 key-string 7 110A1016141DR2的配置:R2#sh run int s1/0Building configuration.Current configuration : 157 bytes!interface Serial1/0ip address 24.1.1.2 255.255.255.0ip rip authentication mode md5ip rip authentication key-chain ciscoserial restart-delay 0endR2#sh runBuilding configuration.key chain ciscokey 1 key-string 7 121A0C041104看一下R2的路由表:R2# sh ip ro rip 35.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 35.1.1.0 120/1 via 23.1.1.3, 00:00:11, FastEthernet0/0 3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 3.3.3.0 120/1 via 23.1.1.3, 00:00:11, FastEthernet0/0 5.0.0.0/24 is