世纪商务英语阅读第四版(基础篇2)Unit 7.ppt

CENTURYBUSINESSENGLISH 大连理工大学出版社 阅读教程 基础篇2 第四版 世纪商务英语 主编 王洗薇 Unit7Teamwork 大连理工大学出版社 Inworkingunits apositiverelationshipwithcolleaguesisessentialtoyoursuccess TextAinthisunitwillgiveyousomesuggestionsonhowtoestablishameaningfulworkingrelationshipwithyourboss whichmeansmoreadvancementopportunitiesforyou Moreover TextBgivessuggestionsonmaintainingastrongteamsenseamongco workers butbeforethat youmayhavetoacceptthecompetitionamongemployees whichismoreprevalentnow InPracticalReadingyouwillreadeightpracticaltipsonteambuilding whichisverythoughtful Besides youwillcontinuetolearnhowtoscanreadpassagesfurther ReadingSkillFocus WordsandExpressions PracticalReading ComprehensiveReading Scanning 2 Themethodofefficientscanningmaybebrieflysummarizedasfollows 1 Keepitinyourmindthatyouareafterspecificinformation sobeginwithaveryclearunderstandingofwhatyouarelookingfor Limityoursearchtooneor atmost twoitemsofinformationatatime 2 Decideinadvancewhatformtheinformationislikelytotakeinordertolocateitveryquickly andthenmoveyoureyesquicklydownthepageseekingspecificwordsandphrasesrelatedtotheinformation Ifitisaperson sname youwillwanttolookforinitialcapitalletters ReadingSkillFocus Ifitisthetitleofabook youwillbelookingforitalics Ifitisadate youwilllookforfigures Andifitisthedescriptionofanevent thediscussionofanidea thedefinitionofaterm orthelike youshouldbelookingforkeywordswhichcouldbelikelytooccurinsuchadescriptionordiscussion Forexample ifyouarereadingabiographytofindsomeone soccupation youshouldlookforwordslikeoccupation workemployment livelihood andsoforth 3 Passquicklyoverallmaterialthatisnotdirectlyrelatedtotheinformationyouseek Donotallowyourattentiontobedivertedfromyourspecifictask forotherwiseyouwillslowdownyourspeedandareevenapttoforgetyouroriginalpurpose A GuidedPractice Thefollowingtwoquestionsarebasedonthepassagethatfollow Readthequestionsfirstandthenfindtheanswersinthepassage What sthemeanannualtemperatureinLouisiana 2 AtwhattimeofyeardoesLouisianahaveitsminimumrainfall Sample1 TheentirestateofLouisianaiswithinadamp subtropicalzone Theaverageannualtemperatureofthestateis67degreesFahrenheit andmonthlymeantemperaturesvaryfrom52degreesinJanuaryandDecemberto82degreesinJulyandAugust Thelengthofthegrowingseasonisusuallybetween220and250daysinthenorthernhalfofthestate andbetween250and275daysinthesouthernhalf Theannualrainfallofthestateaveragesaboutfifty fiveinches withaminimuminautumn Inthesouthernhalfthemaximumisinsummer withfrequentheavythunderstorms inthenorthernhalfthewinterandspringrainsexceedthoseofsummer Canesugaristheprincipalproductofthedeltaregion andriceisgrownintheprairiesofsouthwesternLouisiana andnearthecoastsuchsubtropicalfruitsasoranges olives figsandgrapefruitaregrown Outsideoftheseareas cottonistheprincipalcrop 当我们试图找到某个具体信息时 通常不需要通篇仔细阅读 要做的只是快速找到这个信息在文中所处的位置 找到具体位置之后 再集中精力仔细阅读此处 由于本文一开头便说明了文章讲的是stateofLouisiana 因此要回答第1题 我们只要找到meanannualtemperature就会找到答案 注意问题中的mean和average同义 都表示 平均的 因此第1题的答案是67degreesFahrenheit 回答第2题时 应快速查找到关键信息minimumrainfall所处的大致位置 仔细阅读这一部分内容后得知答案为inautumn A GuidedPractice Questions1 4arebasedonthepassagethatfollow Readthequestionsfirstandthenfindtheanswersinthepassage Whatwerethetwoproblemsinaddingvoicestofilms 2 Whatwasthefirstfilmmadewithactors voices 3 WhatdidWaltDisneycreate 4 Howmanypeoplewenttothecinemaeveryweekinthe1930s TheSilverScreenTheearliestfilmscopiedthetechniquesofthestage Itwasnotuntil1908thatthefamousAmericandirector D W Griffiths showedthatthecinemawasverydifferentfromthetheatre filmscouldmovequicklyfromplacetoplace andcouldshowactorscloseup Between1900and1930 goingtothe pictures GB or movies US becamemoreandmorepopular Atfirst filmswereshowninsmallpublichalls butsoonspecially builtcinemasbegantoopen By1915 serialshadbeguntoappear eachepisodehadanexcitingending whichencouragedtheaudiencetocomebackthefollowingweek ItwasatthistimethatHollywoodbecamethecapitalofthefilmworld andbegantomakeitsfamouscomedies withactorslikeCharlieChaplin Untilthelate1920s filmsweresilent Thewordsspokenbythecharacterswereshownoncardsonthescreen Manycinemashadapianistwhoplayedmusictoaccompanythefilm Thereweretwoproblemswhichhadtobeovercomebeforevoicescouldbeadded Onewastomakethesoundloudenoughforeverybodyinacinematohear andtheotherwassynchronization matchingthesoundtothelipsofthespeakers In1926 WarnerBrothers anAmericanfilmcompany decidedtoaddrecordmusictotheirfilms andin1927theyincludedsomespeechintheirfilmTheJazzSinger Inthesameyear 1927 thefirstnewsfilmwithsoundwasmade TheJazzSingerwasverysuccessful butfilmcompaniesfounditdifficulttochangefromsilentfilmsto talkies Withsilentfilms theyhadbeenabletomakeseveralscenesatonceinonestudio Now theyhadtobuildsoundproofstudiosandfilmsonlyonesceneatatime Theycouldnotmovethecamerasfreely astheyhadtobuildglassscreensroundthemtoquietenthenoisetheymade AdirectorcalledWaltDisneyrealizedthattheseproblemsdidnotaffectcartoonfilms somanyofthefirstfilmswithsoundwerecartoons ItwasDisneywho inthelate1920s createdMickeyMouse Thestudiosgraduallylearntnewtechniques andthe1930sbecamethegoldenageofHollywood Atthistime thecinemaaudiencewasestimatedat75millionpeopleaweek andthetwobiggestAmericancompanies ParamountandMGM weremakingover500filmsayearbetweenthem Manynewkindsoffilmsdeveloped musicals Westerns thrillers nowthatsoundwaspossible 选择题目中具有明显标志或明确意义的词作为关键词有利于定位信息以快速找到答案 第1题关键词是twoproblems 即答案在第4段 从第2题的问题可得知 答案应该是一个电影的名字 而电影名在文章中应以斜体字形式表示 因此可快速找到答案 即TheJazzSinger 第3题关键词是WaltDisney 可快速定位在倒数第2段 即答案为MickeyMouse 第4题关键词是1930s 可快速定位在最后一段 即答案为75million Thefollowingtwoquestionsarebasedonthepassagethatfollow Readthequestionsfirstandthenfindtheanswersinthepassage WhatisthepurposeofthislettertoBentleyemployees A Toinformthemthataccountshavebeenopenedintheirnames B Topersuadethemtostartretirementplans C ToofferthemtheopportunitytojointheCreditUnion D Toadvisethemofwhichservicestheyshoulduse D B ChallengeYourself 2 TheCreditUnionprovidesallofthefollowingservicesEXCEPT savingsaccountsB stocksandbondsC homeloansD creditcards B BentleyInternationalServiceGroup Inc September16Welcome AsanemployeeofBentleyInternationalServiceGroup Inc youandyourfamilyareeligibleforparticipationintheBentleyEmployeesFederalCreditUnion TheCreditUnionadvisedthatcurrentlyonlya 10 00minimumsavingsaccountbalanceisrequiredtobecomealifetimememberoftheCreditUnion TheCreditUnionhasalsoadvisedthattheyofferafullrangeofproductsandservices outlinedbelow Consumerloans Newandusedautos creditcards signatureloans andotherloantypes Allwithlowratesandcompetitiveterms Achoiceoffourcheckingaccountplans Realestateloans homeequityandfirstmortgageloans ATMcardsthatallowyoutoaccessyouraccountthroughtheSTARandPLUSATMnetworksandexplorepoint of saleterminals FullrangeofsavingsaccountsandIndividualRetirementAccounts IRAs Manymoreserviceswillbeaddedinthefuture includinginsuranceandinvestments Toaskanyquestionontheirproductsorservices pleasestopbyoneoftheirbranchfacilitiesorcalltheirTelephoneServiceCenterat555 3457 Sincerely LisaWongBranchManager ComprehensiveReading GettingAlongwiththeBoss1Youknowthatapositiverelationshipwithyourworksuperiorsisessentialtoyoursuccess Buthowdoyouensureyoustayontheirrightside 2SomeBossesarehardtopleaseandgetalongwith Somehaveexcellentqualificationsbutnoideawhenitcomestodealingwithpeople TextA 译文 1大家都知道 与上司相处得好 对于个人的成功至关重要 然而 怎样做才能保证上司满意呢 2有些上司很难取悦 也很难相处 有些人具备良好的任职条件 但对于如何与人相处却一窍不通 Ofcourse notallbossesarelikethat AbadrelationshipwiththeBossmeansmorethanmissedadvancementopportunities itisoneofthemajorreasonsforhighstaffturnover IfyouresignbecauseoftheBoss youmayalsoexpectadentinyourprofessionalreputation 译文 当然 并非所有上司都是这样 与上司相处不好 不仅仅意味着失去晋升的机会 它也是造成员工跳槽的一个重要原因 如果因为上司的原因而辞职 你自己的职业声誉也会受影响 3TherelationshipyouhavewithyourBosscanbeamajorfactorindeterminingyourrisinguptheladder YourBossisn tonlyyoursupervisor Heorsheis orshouldbe alsothepersonbestequippedtohelpyoudothejobyouarepaidtodo 译文 3你和上司的关系 对于你是否能得到提拔 是一个决定性的因素 你的上司不仅仅对你进行管理和指导 他也是最有能力帮助你做好工作的人 4He sheisprivytothecompany sgoalsandknowswhatthecompanyislookingforinfutureexecutives He shecaninformyouofcompanydirectionthatmayaffectyourfutureaspirations 译文 4你的上司知道公司的目标 了解公司对将来的高层主管有着什么样的期望 他 她能让你知道公司的发展方向 对你做好个人远期目标有一定影响 5YourBossalsoneedsyou performingatyourbest inordertoaccomplishhis herobjectives He sheneedsyourfeedbackinordertoproviderealisticandusefulreportstouppermanagement 6ButhowdoesthishelpyouestablishameaningfulworkingrelationshipwithyourBoss Thekeyiscommunication 译文 你的上司也需要你竭尽全力帮助他 她完成目标 他 她也需要你的反馈意见 以便向高层管理者提供切实有用的报告 你要了解并懂得他 她的目标和当务之急 7Learnandunderstandhis hergoalsandpriorities Whatisrequiredofhim herandhowcanyouhelphim herachievethat ObserveandunderstandyourBoss sworkstyle Ifhe shehasnotbeenclearwithhisexpectations thenask 译文 了解他 她需要做什么 以及你如何能帮助他 她完成这些事情 观察并掌握你的上司的工作风格 如果他 她对你的期望没有表达清楚 你就该去问他 她 8KnowyourBoss sprioritiesandtrytoanticipatehis herneedsbeforehe sheasks Don tthinknarrowlyintermsofyourownimmediateposition Trytounderstandwhereyoudotiesinwiththebiggerpicture 译文 你要了解你的上司最关注的事情 并争取在他 她提出要求前就预知他 她的需求 不要很狭隘地只考虑自己眼前所处的地位 要弄懂你所做的事情在哪些方面与公司远景目标有联系 9WhatotherthingscanyoudiscoveraboutyourBoss Ishe sheconservativeorinformal Ishis hersan opendoor policyordoeshe shepreferyoutosetappointmentswiththem RespectyourBoss stime Neverbargeintohis herofficeexpectingordemandingahearingimmediately 译文 9你能发现你的上司有其他什么特点吗 他 她为人保守 还是不拘礼节呢 他 她的办公室实行 门户开放 政策 还是喜欢事先预约 你要尊重上司的时间 绝不要随意闯进他 她的办公室 指望或要求他 她立刻听你作陈述 DiscoverandeliminatebehaviorsthatwouldannoyyourBoss andneverbad mouthhim hertoothers Italwaysgetsbackviaofficegrapevines 10Don tbea yesman anddon tuseflatteryinthehopeofgettingsomewhere 译文 你要发现并改掉那些会让你上司生气的行为 永远不要在他人面前说上司的坏话 这些话总会通过小道消息传到他 她耳中 10不要以唯唯诺诺或阿谀奉承的方式以求达到某种目的 Anddon taimfor closeness intheworkingrelationshipbecausethiscanalsobackfire IfyourBossdependsuponyoutoomuch he shewon trecommendyouforpromotionsbecauseyouareneededtoomuchwhereyouare 译文 不要在工作关系上 套近乎 它会起反作用 如果你的上司对你过于依赖 他 她便不会推荐你升职 因为你目前的职位对他 她非常重要 11Anotherpossibilityisthatifhe sheisnotagoodmanager he shemaybegivenhis hermarchingorders Ifyouareseentobeapartofhis hermanagementmishaps youmaybemarchingoutthedoorwithhim her 译文 11另一种可能性是如果他 她不是个好的经理 因此他 她也可能会被 炒掉 如果他 她管理不当 你也难逃其咎 那么你也会被一起炒掉 12Dowhatyoucantostayinhis hergoodbooks Don ttake sickies unlessyouAREsick Beaneffective cooperative responsibleandcourteousemployeeandteamplayer 译文 12尽可能给上司以好印象 除非你真的生病 否则不要请病假 做一个高效 合作 负责 礼貌的员工和团队成员 Maybefrictioncannotbeavoided Soyouneedtodecidejusthowimportantyourcareerpathinthatparticularcompanyis becauseifyoucan tadjustandworkwithit youmaybebetterofflookingforanewjob 译文 也许你和上司之间难免发生冲突 遇到这一情况 你得认清你在该公司的工作前程有何等重要 因为如果你无法调整自己 不能够继续工作下去 那么寻找一份新的工作也许对你更好 13Inshort gettingalongwithyourBossentailsgettingtoknowhis herlikesanddislikesandlearningtoworkwithhis herpersonalityandmanagementstyle AndtheupsideaboutmasteringcommunicationandpeopleskillswithyourownBossisthatonedaythoseskillswillpayoffinyourownmanagementrolewithyourownteam 译文 13总而言之 与上司相处必须了解他 她的好恶 以及学会适应他 她的个性和管理风格 学会与上司沟通和相处的技巧的好处就是 将来这些技巧在你管理自己的团队时会让你得到回报 LanguagePoints Youknowthatapositiverelationshipwithyourworksuperiorsisessentialtoyoursuccess essentiala n absolutelynecessary vitallynecessary必要的 必需的 要素 要点e g Hermostessentialqualityiskindness 她最主要的品质是善良 e g Inconsideringthisproblem youshouldgraspitsessentials 在考虑这一问题时 你应当抓住实质 辨析 essential indispensable necessaryessential指事物本质上必不可少的 如Foodisessentialtolife 食物是生命不可少的 necessary指迫切需要的 必要的 但并非绝对不可缺少 如 Sleepisnecessarytohealth 睡眠对于健康是必要的 indispensable常指某一具体目标所不可缺少的 人或物 如 Heisindispensabletoourwork 我们的工作少不了他 TextA LanguagePoints 2 itisoneofthemajorreasonsforhighstaffturnover turnovern 1 theratioofthenumberofworkersthathadtobereplacedinagiventimeperiodtotheaveragenumberofworkers人员变动e g Lowpayaccountsforthehighturnover 低工资是员工流失的原因 e g Whydoesyourcompanyhavesucharapidturnoverofstaff 贵公司人员变动为为什么这么快 2 theamountofbusinessdoneduringaparticularperiod营业额 成交量e g Theillicitdrugsindustryhasanannualturnoverofsome 200bn 非法药物生产企业每年的产值达约2000亿英镑 3 staff laborturnover TextA LanguagePoints e g Unwantedstaffturnovercanhaveanegativeimpactonyourbusiness especiallyifthoseleavingarekeytothesuccessandcontinuityofyourbusiness 不必要的员工流失 尤其是那些对公司成功起核心作用和对公司继续发展有影响的员工的离开 会对公司产生不良影响 4 turnoverrise falle g During2006to2007thefirm sturnoverrosebyjust7percentonthepreviousyear sfigure 2006至2007年间 该公司的产值较去年增长了7 TextA LanguagePoints 3 He shecaninformyouofcompanydirectionthatmayaffectyourfutureaspirations informv 1 inform of about 通知 告诉 报告e g Theycamearoundandinformedofustheirdecision 他们来把他们的决定告诉了我们 2 inform on against 告发 告密e g Thethiefwhowascaughtinformedon against theothers 被抓住的小偷告发了其他同伙 辨析 inform与adviseinform是正式用语 使用范围较广 强调把知识 消息 情况等告诉或传递给某人 如上面例句 advise指为某人的利益着想而想通知此人 常用有商业范围内 如 Pleaseadviseuswhenthegoodsaredelivered 货物装运后 请通知我们 TextA LanguagePoints Maybefrictioncannotbeavoided frictionn disagreement angryfeelings orunfriendlinessbetweenpeople摩擦 矛盾 1 frictionbetweene g Therewasalotoffrictionbetweenmeandmyboss soIresigned 我和老板之间有太多摩擦 所以我决定辞职 2 frictionwithe g Hisindependentattitudewasaconstantsourceoffrictionwithhisboss 他独立处事的态度是造成他和老板之间摩擦的原因 TextA LanguagePoints 5 Inshort gettingalongwithyourBossentailsgettingtoknowhis herlikesanddislikes entailv 1 toinvolvesomethingasanecessarypartorresult使必须e g Someforeigntravelisentailedinthejob 做这个工作要偶尔到国外出差 e g Suchalargeinvestmentinevitablyentailssomerisk 该巨额投资肯定会有一定风险 2 entaildoingsomethinge g Repairingtheroofwillentailspendingalotofmoney 修这个屋顶要花很多钱 TextA Questions1 6arebasedonTextA Readthequestionsfirstandthenlimityoursearchtooneor atmost twoitemsofinformationineachquestionbelowatatime PassquicklyalloverTextAtoseektherelatedinformationinthepassage Youmayhavetoslowdownsometimestoremindyourselfofspecificinformationwhichyouarelookingfor Task1 1 AbadrelationshipwiththeBossmayresultin promotionopportunitiesB increasesaleturnoverC yourresignationD abadreputation D 2 Yourrelationshipwiththebossisadecisivefactorfor yourprofessionalreputationB yourpromotionC agoodsalaryD betterqualifications B 3 Thephrase privyto Para 4 Line1 mostprobablymeans A privateB informedaboutsomethinggenerallyknownC allowedtoknowsomethingsecretD becuriousabout C 4 IfyourBossdoesnothavean opendoor policy itmeansthat A youwilldobettertoknockonthedoorbeforeyouenterhis herofficeB youcanexpectahearingwheneveryoulikeC youwilldobettertosetanappointmentwhenyouwanttoseehim herD yourBossisveryconservative C 5 Amarchingorderisanorderforyouto A marchquicklyB dothingsquicklyC walktothedoorD leavethejob D 6 Thoughyouaregoodatpeopleskills youcannotgetalongwellwithyourBoss Soitmaybeagoodchoiceforyouto A lookforanewjobB keepdoingthesamejobC askforsickleaveD quarrelwithyourBoss A ComprehensiveReading Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow Changetheformwherenecessary entailpriorityprivyexecutiveturnoverqualification Task2 ComprehensiveReading Hesaidthathisfirst wastofindajob 2 Allinvestments somerisks 答案 priority 答案 entail ComprehensiveReading 3 It sdifficultforapersonwithoutany togetagoodjob 4 Onlytopmanagersofthecompanywere tothedetailsofthisproject 答案 qualification s 答案 privy ComprehensiveReading 5 Shewassuccessfulworkingherwayupthroughthecompanyandisnowasenior 6 Short termcontractsarelikelytoincreasestaff 答案 executive 答案 turnover Task3 InTextA youcanlearnsomefundamentalprinciplesofdealingwithyourBoss TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinTextAtoseehowthewritergivessuggestionsonthisissue Learntheminheart sincetheywillhelpyoualotriseupyourcareerladder 1 Anotherpossibilityisthatifhe sheisnotagoodmanager he shemaybegivenhis hermarchingorders Ifyouareseentobeapartofhis hermanagementmishaps youmaybemarchingoutthedoorwithhim her 答案 另一种可能性是如果他 她不是个好的经理 因此他 她也可能会被 炒掉 如果他 她管理不当 你也难逃其咎 那么你也会被一起炒掉 2 Dowhatyoucantostayinhis hergoodbooks Don ttake sickies unlessyouAREsick 答案 尽可能给上司好印象 除非你真的生病 不然不要请病假 3 Maybefrictioncannotbeavoided Soyouneedtodecidejusthowimportantyourcareerpathinthatparticularcompanyis becauseifyoucan tadjustandworkwithit youmaybebetterofflookingforanewjob 答案 也许你和上司之间难免发生冲突 遇到这一情况 你得认清你在该公司的工作前程有何等重要 因为如果你无法调整自己 不能够继续工作下去 那么寻找一份新的工作也许对你更好 4 Inshort gettingalongwithyourBossentailsgettingtoknowhis herlikesanddislikesandlearningtoworkwithhis herpersonalityandmanagementstyle AndtheupsideaboutmasteringcommunicationandpeopleskillswithyourownBossisthatonedaythoseskillswillpayoffinyourownmanagementrolewithyourownteam 答案 总而言之 与上司相处必须了解他 她的好恶 以及学会适应他 她的个性和管理风格 学会与上司沟通和相处之技巧的好处就是 将来这些技巧在你管理自己的团队时会让你得到回报 Task4 WordFormationLearning Root 11 Now readTextAcarefully locatethewordsinthetextthatcontainoneoftheabove mentionedroots andtellthemeaningofeachword 1 vis Para 3 Line2 答案 supervisor 监督人 管理人 2 Form Para 4 Line2 Para 5 Line1 答案 inform告知 通知 答案 perform执行 做 表演 3 Serv Para 7 Line2 Para 9 Line2 答案 observe观察 遵守 注意到 答案 conservative保守的 1Youmayaswelladmitit Whenyourco workergetspraisedfromsupervisors youfeelalittlebitjealous Perhapsitevenpushesyoutoworkalittlelongerandharder inhopeofcapturingtheinterestofthosemanagersyourself 译文 1你得承认当你的同事从上级那里获得称赞 你会有点嫉妒 这可能会促使你延长工作时间 工作更加卖力 以便赢得经理们的青睐 ComprehensiveReading 2Somesaycompetitionamongemployeesishelpfulbecauseitkeepsworkersworkingandinterestedintheirjobs Othersbelievecompetitionhasreacheddangerouslyhighlevels 译文 2有人说 员工间的竞争是有益的 因为这会促使他们保持对工作的兴趣而不断地工作 另一些人认为 竞争已经到了十分危险的程度 ComprehensiveReading 3Jobsarethequestionnow andpeopleareworriedsomebodyelsemightgetpromotedwhiletheygettheboot Competitionhasgottothepointthatsomepeoplearelookingforwaystodestroytheirperceivedrivals 译文 3现在有关工作的这个问题的争论仍然存在 一些员工担心自己的同事得到升职的同时 自己却被解雇了 竞争会产生这样的后果 一些员工想方设法打击自己认定的竞争对手 ComprehensiveReading 4Agroupof150Americanexecutivesweresurveyedrecently Morethanhalfofthemsaidthatcompetitionamongemployeeswasmoreprevalentnowthan10yearsago 译文 4最近对150名美国经理进行调查 超过半数的人认为雇员间的竞争比十年前普遍得多 ComprehensiveReading 5Butcompetition goodandbad isreallyaresultofcompanyculture Domanagerspushtheiremployeestocompeteagainstoneanother Ordotheyencourageteamworkinanatmosphereinwhichemployeeschallengethemselvesratherthantrytobeatoutfellowworkers 译文 5但竞争无论是好是坏 实际上是由公司文化造成的 管理者应该促使员工相互竞争吗 是否应该鼓励团队精神 让员工在自我挑战 而不是想方设法击败同事的氛围下工作 ComprehensiveReading 6Somecompetitionamongco workersisagoodthing Itprovidesusallwithafeelingofself worth saysBrucePomerant