专四语法纲要.ppt

语法考点 1 从句6 时态2 非谓语动词7 主谓一致3 虚拟语气8 反意疑问句4 比较结构特别用法5 情态动词 1 从句 定语从句 关系词的选择 引导词前介词的选择 非限制性定语从句 特别搭配 状语从句 让步 条件 结果 方式 原因 目的 时间 地点 名词性从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 以及同位语从句 定语从句考点一 that a 先行词为all anything something nothing everything little none等不定代词时 b 先行词被形容词最高级及first last any only few much no some very等词修饰时 c 有两个或两个以上先行词既指人又指物时 d 在therebe句型中 关系代词只能用that Practice Iwasveryinterestedin shetoldme 2009 A allthatB allwhichC allwhatD thatThereisreallynoreason wecouldn tpassTEM4 A WhyB ForC thatD sinceAvictimisaperson animalorthing sufferspain death harm etc whoB whichC allofthemD thatThisistheverypen youarelookingfor A WhichB whatC thatD of A C D C 定语从句考点二 as a 与such thesame as so 连用时 引导限定性定语从句的关系代词是as Suchstudents didn tattendmyclasswouldfailinthefinalexam b 引导非限定性定语从句时 as后的被动语态可省略be动词 which则不能省略 Footballandbaseball playedintheUnitedStatestoday arebasicallymodificationsofgamesthatoriginatedinEngland 定语从句考点三 what a What作为关系代词既可指人 也可指物 本身即为先行词 在从句中可作主语 宾语等 hasbeendonecannotbeundoneThiswasexactly myteachertoldmetodo b what 名词 相当于 allthe 名词 that IhavegivenyouwhathelpIcan allthehelpIcan Shemanagedtosave shecouldoutofherwagestohelpherbrother 2002 A howlittlemoneyB solittlemoneyC suchlittlemoneyD whatlittlemoney D 定语从句考点四 介词 关系代词 where引导定语从句 相当于介词in at which Haveyoueverbeeninasituation youknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim 2002 A bywhichB thatC inwhereD whereThiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy payrisesarerelatedtoperformanceatwork 1996 A whichB whereC whetherD what D B 定语从句考点四 介词 关系代词 b 介词 关系代词 该介词为先行名词的习惯搭配介词 Theparty Iwastheguestofhonor wasextremelyenjoyable 2006 A bywhichB forwhichC towhichD atwhich D c 介词 关系代词 该介词为从句里动词或者形容词词组里的习惯搭配介词 注意引导词选用 Thisisthering shespent 1 000 Theauthor weallarequitefamiliarwillvisitourcompanynextweek onwhich withwhom 定语从句考点四 介词 关系代词 定语从句考点四 介词 关系代词 d of which表示 的 表示 某物的 如果用whose 则既可指 某人的 也可指 某物的 Abovethetreesarethehills magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface 2003 A whereB ofwhoseC whoseD which C 定语从句考点五 关系词语法功能 作主语 人who 物which 人或物that 限定 作宾语 人whom 物which 人或物that 限定 作定语 人或物whose 物ofwhich作表语 人或物that 可省略 关系代词 关系副词 作时间状语 when at in on duringwhich 先行词为表示时间的名词 作地点状语 where in atwhich 先行词为表示时间的名词 作原因状语 why forwhich 先行词为reason Practice I veneverbeentoLhasa butthat sthecity 1999 A I dmostliketovisitB whereIliketovisitC whichIliketovisitmostlyD I dlikemuchtovisitHeisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork Heisnottheman hewastwentyyearsago 2003 A whichB thatC whoD whomFirmsthatusecomputershavefoundthatthenumberofstaff isneededforqualitycontrolcanbesubstantiallyreduced 2000 A whoseB asC whatD that A B D 定语从句考点六 非限定性从句 非限定性从句的关系词为which who whom as 介词 which 不能用that Theyovercameallthedifficultiesandcompletedtheprojecttwomonthsaheadoftime issomethingwehadnotexpected 2003 A whichB itC thatD whatWe vejustinstalledtwoair conditionersinoutapartment shouldmakegreatdifferencesinourlifenextsummer 2002 A whichB whatC thatD they A A 定语从句考点七 but But引导限制性定语从句 先行词可是人也可是物 表示 that who which not Thereareveryfew admirehistalents Notadaywentby broughtusbadnewsatthatdifficulttime Notadaywentbywhichdidnotbringusbadnewsatthatdifficulttime 状语从句考点1 让步 a 主要引导词 Though although虽然 主句不能加but 但可加yet still 或nevertheless Evenif though即使Nomatter 疑问词无论 修饰形容词 副词紧跟 疑问词 ever无论 修饰形容词 副词紧跟 Inspiteofthefactthat 尽管 that不可省略 Muchas不管 尽管 Forall that 尽管 that可省略 While尽管 虽然 隐含并列转折 Granted grantingthat虽然 尽管 分析题干逻辑关系 Practice Mr Wellsisscarcelyinsympathywiththeworkingclass 2005 AlthoughheisasocialistEvenifheisasocialistBeingasocialistSinceheisasocialist Ilikeeconomics Ilikesociologymuchbetter 2003 AsmuchasB SomuchC HowmuchD Muchas A D Practice Isympathize Ican treallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties 2001 AslongasB AsC WhileD Even thebosssays itisunreasonabletoaskmetoworkovertimewithoutpay 2009 WhateverB WheneverC WhicheverD However dullhemaybe heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive 2006 A AlthoughB whateverC AsD However C A D 状语从句考点1 让步 b as though引导的让步从句如果有强调部分 将强调部分置于句首 Childas thoughhewas hecouldhelphismother 注意 a 句首名词不能带任何冠词 b 句首是实义动词 其他助动词放在主语后 如果实义动词有宾语和状语 随实义动词一起放在主语之前 Practice Fool jerryis hecouldnothavedonesuchathing 2010 A whoB asC likeD that hewill heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily TryhardasHardtryasTryashardAstryhard B A 状语从句考点2 条件 a 主要引导词 if如果unless除非as solongas只要incase万一providing provided that 假如supposing suppose assuming that 假如onconditionthat条件是onlyif只要 只有given that 如果intheeventthat如果 在 情况下say假如 Practice Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney whichIagreedtodo thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek 2005 A onoccasionB onpurposeC onconditionD onlyifThisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindness leftuntreated A afterB ifC sinceD unless C B 从句与主句主语同指才能省略 状语从句考点2 条件 b 若将条件从句的连词if省略 应用倒装句型 即将从句中的谓语动词were should had等提到句首 强调虚拟语气 bothsidesaccepttheagreement alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion 2004 A Onlyif willB Ifonly would C Should willD Unless would C 状语从句考点3 结果 引导词So that如此 以至于Suchthat如此 以至于Withtheresultthat 结果是Somuchsothat如此 以至于Tothedegree extentthat以至于 到 的地步Tosuchadegreethat 状语从句考点3 结果 b 当so that结构中的so置于句首表示强调时 句子要用倒装语序 inthenovelthathedidn trealizeitwas8o clockalready SohewasabsorbedSowasheabsorbedSoabsorbedhewasSowasabsorbedhe C 状语从句考点3 结果 c so that和such that区别Inthearea AIDSis diseasethattheverymentionofitstrikesterrorintothepopulation asodreadfulsodreadfulasuchdreadfulasuchdreadful B 状语从句考点4 时间 引导词当 时候 when while as justas nexttime thelasttime eachtime everytime whenever时间先后 before after一 就 assoonas once hardly when before scarcely when before nosooner than directly immediately instantly themoment second minuteBythetime到 时候 itisthefirst not until直到 才 till直到 时候 since自从 eversince自从 Practice Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation thecoachleft 2009 whenasuntilthan D 状语从句考点4 时间 b While和when区别 while 在 的时候 when时间段 点c 以下引导词主句需要用完成时态 bythetime itisthefirsttime hardly scarcely when before nosooner than since eversince BythetimeIgothome they leave fortheairport d 否定词置于句首时注意倒装 Nosooner thanitbegantorain IhadreachedhadIreacheddidIreachIreached hadleft B 状语从句考点5 原因 引导词because 前可有副词修饰 例如chiefly 和simply since as forinthat在于 nowthat既然 seeing that considering that 鉴于inas somuchas因为Notbecause butbecause 不是因为 而是因为 b because since as for区别 它们的语气依次渐弱 当because从句放在句末且前面有逗号时 可用for 但如果不是直接说明原因而是根据情况加以判断或推断时 只能用for 而不能用because 1 Itmusthaverainedyesterday thegroundiswet 2 Hedidn tgotoschoolyesterday hewasill 1 for2 for because Practice 1 BarryhadanadvantageoverofbeingborninUSA hecouldspeakEnglish 2001 A sincethatB inthatC atthatD sothat2 Mendifferfromanimals theycanthinkandspeak A forwhichB forthat 2008 C inthatD inwhich 状语从句考点6 其它 方式引导词As像 正如 just as so 正如 也 Asif好像Asthough好像 Theway以 的方式目的引导词sothat inorderthat lest forfearthat should would情态 地点引导词Where wherever anywhere everywhere Practice Shedidherwork hermanagerhadinstructed 2002 A asB untilC whenD though heshowedusaround wesawgreenlawnsandbeautifulflowerbeds WhenB everywhereC whereD whatReadinagoodlight it should hurtyoureyes A SothatB nowthatC lestD least A B C 名词性从句考点1 从句连接词选择 连接词 that whether if 只起连接作用 不作句子成分 关系代词 who whom whose what which whatever whichever whoever 既起连接作用 又担任主语 宾语 定语 表语等成分 关系副词 when where how who 既起连接作用 又作状语 Practice Thegovernmenthaspromisedtodo liesinitspowertoeasethehardshipsofthevictimsintheflood strikenarea 2004 howeverB whicheverC whateverD whereverThereisnodoubt thecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject whyB thatC whetherD whenAfter seemedanendlesswait itwasherturntoenterthepersonnelmanager soffice thatB thereC whatD itTheteamcanhandlewhatever thatneedshandlingB whichneedshandlingItneedshandlingD needstobehandled C B C D 名词性从句考点2 be 情感形容词 从句 这类带如afraid sorry sure glad disappointed delighted glad等表示感情词的句子若为肯定句 一般由that引导 Iamsurprised thiscit