1句子成分,介词短语,词的搭配.ppt

PartOnePreviewKnowledgeKongNannan Lessontwo2008 09 22 I SentenceMembers subject 主 predicate 谓 object 宾 attributive 定 adverbial 状 predicative 表 complement 补 appositive 同位语 parenthesis 插入语 知识点扩充 可以带双宾语的常见动词 此类动词以give为代表 常带有 给予 的意思 Allow assign ask award bring buy cause fetch give hand leave offer owe pay post promise read return sell send show sing take telephone tell teach throw write Givesb sth Givesth tosb Eg Canyoubuymeameal CanIaskyouaquestion Causemealotoftrouble Thefollowingpointsmaybeimportant 1 Positionsofanappositive同位语 PayattentiontoitstranslationintoChinese 1 normalpositions p6 immediatelyfollowedby setoffbyacommafromnoun setoffbyacolonfromappositive setoffbyadashfrom setoffbyanintroducingwordorphrasefrom namely thatis suchas forexample 译法总结 3种 这个 这一 把同位语单独译成一句 Theterm sensitivity 灵敏度 isoftenusedinradioengineering 灵敏度这一术语经常用于无线电工程中 Theword radar comesfromradiodetectionandranging p6 雷达这一术语来自无线电探测与测距 单独译成一句 一般有逗号分开时 Arithmetic 算术 thescienceofnumbers isthebaseofmathematics p6 算术是一门有关数字的科学 它是数学的基础 Thedecibelisonetenthofabel aunitnamedafterAlexanderGrahamBell 分贝是贝尔的十分之一 而贝尔这个单位是根据亚历山大 格雷厄姆 贝尔的名字命名的 译法总结 译成 也就是 或用破折号引出Thischapterexaminesthepropertiesofanimportantnonlinear 非线性的 device thedioderectifier 整流器 本章介绍了一种重要的非线性设备 整流器 2 specialpositions 了解 主语的同位语处于主语前 一般译成独立的一句 或译成 作为 appositive subject Anewtechnologyintroducedinthe1960 s lasercanpiercethehardestsubstancesuchasdiamond 激光是在20世纪60年代发展起来的一项新技术 它能穿透像金刚石这样最坚硬的物质 一个句子的同位语处于句子末尾 译成单独的一句 appositive anounphrase Amagnetattractsironmaterials afamiliarphenomenon 磁铁能吸引铁质材料 这是大家所熟悉的一种现象 2 Complement补语p7 1 某些动词带有补足语 let make call find get have keep 2 在被补足的成分和补足成分之间有以下两种关系 A 主表关系 is判别法 Wecallsuchamaterialaninsulator Suchamaterialisaninsulator B 主谓关系 拼接试探判别法 Metalsallowcurrenttoflowthroughthemeasily 金属允许电流容易地通过它们 双宾语与宾语补语的区别 试探法 Ishallgiveyouabook Youareabook Giveabooktoyou E g ThemagneticfieldstrengthisassignedasymbolH 保留宾语 assign可带双宾 两者没有主表关系 Theydon tknowtheexacttimetostarttheexperiment 后置定语 没有主谓关系 3 Parentheticclause插入语p7 Aruleforitsjudgment Itsbeingcrossedoutwon taffectthemeaningandthestructureofthewholesentence 1 inthemainclauseLivingthingstoo itnowseemscertain obeythelawsofphysicsandchemistry Itnowseemscertainthat 现在似乎可以肯定的是 生物同样遵循物理和化学的原理 Thedensity 密度 ofasubstance werecall isitsmass 质量 perunitvolume 体积 大家记得吧 物质的密度就是其单位体积的质量 2 inthesub clauseOneofthemajorproblemswhichfacedmeinwritingthisbookwas digesting thevastliteratureoncomputer basedlibrarysystemsandpresentingitinwhatIhopeisaclearandconcisemanner 我在撰写本书过程中所面临的主要问题之一是 消化 有关机辅图书馆系统的大量文献资料 并且以我希望的清晰 简洁的方式来介绍它们 3 using say letussay orsometypeof what clause Aresistorofsay100ohmsmaybeconnectedacrossC2 在该容器两端可以并接一个比如说100欧姆的电阻器 Therulesmustbefew and whatismoreimportant simple 规则必须要少 而且更为重要的是 要简单 whichamountstothesamething 换句话说 whatisequivalent 换句话说 whatismoreimportantwhatismore 而且 更有甚者 whatisthesamething 同样的是 换个说法 也一样 II PrepositionalPhrases 1 Formation p8 preposition theobjectofthepreposition nounorpronoun 2 FunctionsofaprepositionalphraseAdverbial状语E g InthelibrarytherearemanybooksinEnglish p9 E g Thisexperimentshouldbedonewithcare care skill ease difficulty withaccuracy precision flexibility rapidity theircorrespondingadverbs 补充知识点1 2 Attribute定语 asapostmodifieronlyTheswitchonthewallnearthedooroftheroomisfortheceilinglight p9 门边墙上的开关是用来管顶灯的 3 Complement补语 mostlythe as phrase requiredbymanyverbsdefineAasB把A定义为BregardAasB把A当作为BrefertoAasB把A称为BThisparameter 参数 isdefinedastheratioofsignaltonoise 这个参数被定义为信号和噪声之比 Anincreasingnumberofengineeringdesignersfinditofvaluetohaveaworkingknowledgeofelectroniccomputers 越来越多的工程设计者发现 具备计算机使用知识是有价值的 of interest use value help importance significance 名词相对应的形容词 afewsetverbalphrases keep atwork set inmotion Electricitykeepsmachinesatwork Nowsetthecharges 电荷 inmotionandmeasurethemagneticforce 磁力 使电荷运转 补充知识点2 4 Predicative表语Anothercommonapproachisthroughtheuseofasymmetricalsquarewave 对称方波 另一常用的方法是使用一个对称方波 5 Parenthesis插入语 manysetphrases infact ofcourse forexample Forexample wecanmakeanelectricalbellwiththiskindofmagnet 6 Prepositionalobject介词宾语 onlyafterafewprepositions suchas from except to Theenergyfromwithintheearthcanbeexploited 可以开发来自地球内部的能量 Thehighestorder 度 ofaccuracyobtainableinusingthistechniqueistowithin0 01percent 用这种技术获得的精度可以达到0 0001 III WordCollocations Setphrasesinaword换句话说takeplace发生 进行taketheplaceof代替2 Habitualcollocations 1 Somenounsmustgowithdefiniteverbs 2 Someverbs adjectives andnounsmustgowithdefiniteprepositions 2 Habitualcollocations 1 Somenounsmustgowithdefiniteverbs 质量improvethequality效率raise increase theefficiency提高能力increasetheability认识deepentheunderstanding警惕enhance heighten thevigilance 成就 进步 makeachievements progress 一致意见reachcompleteagreementofviews取得教训drawlessons成功achievesucces同意obtainconsent作一分析 比较 研究 makeananalysis acomparison astudy 作一介绍 描述 说明 giveanintroduction adescription anexplanation 2 Someverbs adjectives andnounsmustgowithdefiniteprepositions E g Laserbeamsaresentatthemoon p10 throwaimrush 冲向 vt shoot at vi fireat 向 开火 emitshout 朝 叫喊 欢呼 sendpoint be representativeof represent be descriptiveof describe be characteristicof characterize be parallelto平行于 be similarto类似于 动词搭配 形容词搭配 Emphasisshouldbelaidonthecollocationofanounwithapreposition Afixedprepositiongoesbeforeorafteranoun Beforeanoun Afteranoun AnimportantformatofwordcollocationFormat nounofAprepositionB 名词搭配 Afixedprepositiongoesbeforeorafteranoun Beforeanoun无线电波向四面八方传播 p11 Radiowavestravelinalldirections 为此目的 大学生必须至少掌握一门外语 Forthispurpose Tothisend collegestudentsmustmasteratleastoneforeignlanguage E g onalargescale 大规模地 toagreat large extent point degree 在很大程度上 in a great large measure 在很大程度上 Afixedprepositiongoesbeforeorafteranoun Afteranoun E g 他们在参加移动通讯国际会议 p11 Theyareattendinganinternationalconferenceonmobilecommunications E g Thesestudentsaredoinganexperimentinphysics onelectricity 这些学生在做物理实验 in后跟大学科 on后跟小学科 theresearchon into with for imageprocessingtheanswer key solution to aproblem theprefaceto abook anexceptionto arule thecurrentthrough acomponent thevoltageacross acomponent increase decrease rise fall reduction variation in condition requirement technique method language skill equation expression for Animportantformatofwordcollocation Format nounofAprepositionBThetranslationcanbefurtherclassifiedasthefollowingthreesub classes The noun isanordinaryabstractnoun Translationpattern A B的 E g TheadvantageofTDMAoverSCPCisthatmoregroundstationscanshareasinglesatellitetransponder 应答器 TDMA与SCPC相比的优点是更多的地面站可共享一个卫星应答器 E g Translationpattern A B的 theratioofAtoBtheeffectofAon upon BtherelationshipofAtoB thedistanceofAfromBfamiliarityofAwithBthesimilarityofAtoB The noun comesfromanintransitiveverb 不及物动词 inwhichcase A isthelogicalsubjectofthelogicalactionexpressedbythe noun Translationpattern A B的 Thiscurveshowsthedependenceoftheoutputon upon theinput 该曲线画出了输出对于输入的依赖关系 Allconductorsoffersmallresistancetothepassageofelectronsthroughthem passthrough 电子流过导体时 遇到的阻力很小 E g thepassageofAthroughB passthroughthemotionofAround around BthedepartureofAfromBthereactionofAtoBA对B的作用thevariationofAwithB The noun comesfromatransitiveverb inwhichcase A isthelogicalobjectoftheactionexpressedbythe noun Translationtechnique The noun isputintoatransitiveverb E g Insolvingtheproblem theresolutionofthisforceintox andy componentsisnecessary 在解这个题的时候 需要把这个力分解为x分量y分量 E g Gradually theusefulnessofmicroprocessorsascentralprocessingunitwasrealized 人们逐渐地实现了把微分处理器用作中央处理器 E g p12 acomparisonofAwithB 把A与B相比较theresolutionofAintoB 把A分解为BtheexposureofAtoB 使A接触BtheuseofAasB 把A用作为BthedefinitionofAinto to B 把A定义为BtheseparationofAfrom into B OneMorePattern p13 noun fromvt ofA logicalobject byB logicalsubject Theformulation 确立 ofthetheoryofrelativity 相对论 byEinsteinwasoneofthemostsignificanteventsofthe20thcentury Review 质量improvethequality效率raise increase theefficiency提高能力increasetheability认识deepentheunderstanding警惕enhance heighten thevigilance成就 进步 makeachievements progress 一致意见reachcompleteagreementofviews取得教训drawlessons成功achievesucces同意obtainconsent作一分析 比较 研究 makeananalysis acomparison astudy 作一介绍 描述 说明 giveanintroduction adescription anexplanation theresearchon into with for imageprocessingtheanswer key solution to aproblem theprefaceto abook anexcept