专业学位硕士研究生英语教程16.doc

Unit 16WarPreview A photographers lens caught James Blake Miller smeared with blood and dirt during the battle for Falluja. In his eyes, America saw the steely determination that would bring victory in Iraq; now stress and divorce have made him a casualty of the war. Suffering from nightmares, panic attacks and survivors guilt, he has to fight against post-traumatic stress disorder and draws a disability pension.Text ReadingWarm-upIThe pros and cons to the war. The Iraq War is an ongoing military campaign which began on March 19, 2003, with the invasion into Iraq by a multinational force led by the United States and the United Kingdom. Please discuss the war with your partner. You can choose the words and expressions in the following ellipse:positive/ negative/ public opinion/ military operation/ terrorist/ troop withdrawal/ Saddam Hussein/ Bush Administration/ gain control of/ occupy/ attack/ weapons of mass destruction/ coalition/ al-Qaeda (基地组织) / invasion/ occupy/ oilfieldsII. Reasons for the Iraq War.Put a tick in front of the statement(s) that you consider to be the real purpose(s) for Bush Administration to start the war.1. For protecting the countrys vast oil fields from falling under the control of terrorist extremists.2. For building a free Iraq.3. For removing Saddam.4. For helping Israel.5. For getting control of and gaining profit from oil.6. Because Iraqi regime treats its people horribly.7. For getting out of the base in Arabia.8. As part of a defensive war against Al Qaeda.9. For helping the Iraqis.10. Because of Iraqs alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction.Text A Picture Made him a Hero, Then His Life Fell ApartPaul Harris 1 Combat can change a life in a second. The snap of a snipers bullet or the blast of a bomb will instantly end it or turn a healthy body into a maimed wreck. But for US marine James Blake Miller what changed his life was the sudden shutter click of a war photographers camera. 2 On a rooftop in Falluja, Miller was captured in a picture that has become one of the enduring images of the Iraq war. It showed his wan face, streaked with mud and blood, in a moment of reflection. His eyes stared out, tired yet determined. From his lips drooped a cigarette, curling a wisp of thin pale smoke. 3 That moment saw Miller, an ordinary soldier from the hills of Kentucky, turn into Marlboro Man, an everyday American hero. 4 The image hit the world on 10 November, 2004, as US marines stormed into Falluja to try to end a war that was supposed to have finished more than a year earlier. It appeared on newspaper front pages and made (became) the cover of Time. 5 Millers image became a symbol of steely resolve, of weary-yet-determined struggle, of the toughness of the American fighting man having a cigarette break (rest) before finishing the job. It captured a moment when most Americans still thought the invasion of Iraq a worthy undertaking. 6 Now Miller is a different symbol in a different time. As the war has dragged on, Millers life has collapsed in the face of post-traumatic stress disorder. He draws a disability pension for his condition and his personal life is a wreck. He suffers from nightmares, panic attacks and survivors guilt. Despite the immense goodwill of a grateful nation, Miller has slumped into struggle and despair. Last week came the news that he and his childhood sweetheart, Jessica, were getting divorced. 7 Marlboro Man is no longer an icon for the American warrior ethic. He is a symbol of pain and suffering and the enormous problems endured by veterans returning home. No longer the victor, he has become the public face of shell-shock, one of the wars victims. 8 In the Appalachian hills which Miller calls home, the word for grandfather is papaw. Millers step-papaw, Joe Lee, was a Vietnam veteran. In interviews, Miller has described how Papaw Joe Lee would get drunk and tell war stories. Then Papaw would get upset and tearful at the memories of death and killing in Vietnam. 9 It was classic post-traumatic behavior, going undiagnosed. It was also a scene played out across America in the wake of Vietnam as hundreds of thousands of disturbed and troubled veterans returned home. Now those scenes are happening again as the veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan return to wives, husbands, partners and families, carrying psychological scars hidden by their apparently healthy bodies. 10 Post-traumatic stress disorder is not an easy condition to treat. It is tough to deal with and requires a wide range of possible approaches, on an individuals circumstances. They involve flashbacks, panic attacks and paranoia. Under such disorder, persons behavior changes, and sufferers can become violent to their loved ones. It destroys lives, often bringing on divorce, bankruptcy and suicide. 11 The story of how Miller became one of many sufferers is probably typical. It is only widely known because of the profile that becoming Marlboro Man gave him. Miller arrived in Iraq with his marine unit and was sent to the restive Anbar province. On 5 November, 2004, in the middle of a sandstorm, word filtered through that his unit was to join the attack on Falluja. The assault began three days later. 12 He has never fully described the events of the next few weeks, but has let slip details which are horrifying enough. There were ambushes and firefights. He has described his horror at seeing a cat make a home in the open chest cavity of a dead Iraqi. He lost his close friend, Demarkus Brown. Miller knows what it is like to look down a gun barrel at another human being and pull the trigger. You can make out a guys eyes, he told one interviewer. 13 After the war Miller took it as a personal mission to use his fame to highlight the stresses that veterans face when suffering with post-traumatic stress. He spoke out in the press and teamed up with the National Mental Health Association. He spoke to politicians on Capitol Hill in Washington. He became a force for not forgetting what Americas returning veterans had gone through. 14 After his tour was up, Miller returned to Pike County and the tiny hamlet of Jonancy where his family had lived practically since the area was first settled by Europeans. The signs of trouble quickly emerged. Friends and relatives found him quick to anger. Jessica complained he would tighten his arm around her neck at night. 15 Once, on a trip to the county seat of Pikeville, he hallucinated that he saw the body of a dead Iraqi sprawled out on the ground. He took long and solitary motorbike rides, trying not to think about the war. He spoke of his guilt at having survived while many of his comrades did not. 16 It is like a big guilt trip, day in and day out. I just lie there and rot, he told one interviewer. It was classic survivors guilta common emotion in many people who have survived traumatic experiences, whether it is combat or a train wreck. Those around him did not know how to deal with him. 17 Miller was not given the chance to heal when his tour of duty in Iraq was over. Instead he was sent to New Orleans. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita had left the city burning, flooded and being looted. Waiting offshore in a troop transport, it appeared to Miller as if he were returning to urban combat. It would be Falluja by the bayou. 18 When another marine in his boat made a whistling sound, like a rocket-propelled grenade, Miller suddenly blacked out. When he came to, he found he had assaulted the man, pinning him to the ground. He was honorably discharged on 10 November, 2005exactly one year after the photograph that made him famous was published around the globe. He was diagnosed as suffering from post-traumatic stress. 19 Miller remains a symbol. But it is no longer that of the tough-as-nails Marlboro Man. It is of the human cost of war. As the conflict in Iraq drags on into its fourth year, it is often remarked upon how little ordinary life in America has changed. There is no draft, there is no rationing, there is no reshaping of the economy to meet military needs. There are not even any extra taxes to pay for all the men and money being sunk into the conflict. 20 It is, in short, easy to ignore the fact that America is fighting at all. But now Millers story is a reminder of the price that ordinary men and women are paying for the Iraq operation.Notes Fallujah （费卢杰）: a city in the Iraqi province of Al Anbar, located roughly 69 kilometers west of Baghdad on the Euphrates. Fallujah dates from Babylonian times and was host to important Jewish academies for many centuries. Marlboro Man: a figure used in tobacco advertising campaign for Marlboro cigarettes. It is said to be one of the most brilliant ad campaigns of all time. The image involves a rugged cowboy, in nature with only a cigarette. Time: an influential American newsmagazine (美国时代周刊) . the Appalachian hills: often called the Appalachians, a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. Hurricane Katrina and Rita: the deadliest Atlantic hurricanes ever recorded and the most intense tropical cyclone ever observed in the Gulf of Mexico. Rita caused immense damage on the U.S. Gulf Coast in August and September 2005.Word Bankambush：a sudden attack made from a concealed position伏击；埋伏assault：to attack攻击；袭击bankruptcy：financial ruin破产barrel：the metal, cylindrical part of a firearm through which the bullet travels枪管bayou：a creek or small river that is a tributary of a larger body of water支流；河口blast：a violent explosion爆炸cavity：a hole; a hollow area within the body洞；腔discharge：to release, as from confinement, care, or duty释放；使退伍droop：to bend or hang downward低垂；弯曲；下垂flashback：(psychology) recurring, intensely vivid mental image of a past traumatic experience心理学重现：过去受伤的经历在脑海中生动重现grenade：a missile containing priming and bursting charges榴弹；季榴弹hallucinate：to have illusion产生幻觉highlight：to make prominent; to emphasize使.显得重要；强调icon：an image; a representation; a symbol; an idol肖像；代表；象征；偶像loot：to pillage; to spoil打劫；掠夺maim：to disable or disfigure使残疾offshore：away from the shore近海paranoia：a psychotic disorder characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur妄想狂；偏执狂pin：to hold fast; immobilize使.困住；牵制 post-traumatic：following an injury or resulting from it受伤后的shell-shock：a kind of mental disorder弹震症(士兵因战争而得的一种精神疾病)shutter：a mechanical device of a camera (照相机上的)快门slump：to fall or sink heavily; collapse消沉；陷入；倒塌 snap：a sudden, sharp cracking sound劈啪声sniper：a skilled military shooter to shoot enemy soldiers from a concealed place狙击手；射击手steely：resembling steel, as in color or hardness钢铁般的streak：to mark with lines, smears, or bands with different colors使带条纹；使带污点undertaking：n. a task or an assignment undertaken; a venture承担的任务；事业victor：winner胜利者wan：pale; distressed; weary and melancholy苍白的；惨淡的；郁郁寡欢的wisp：thin smoke or clouds一缕烟、云等Phrases and Expressionsdrag on：to delay拖延in the face of：confronting with面对；面临in the wake of：following directly on; in the aftermath of; as a consequence of跟随，作为的余波teamed up with：to coordinate与合作；配合Reading Comprehension Choose the best for each of the following.1. What changed Millers life in a second?A. The snap of a snipers bullet.B. The blast of a bomb.C. The sudden shutter click of a photographer.D. The maimed wreck of a healthy body. 2. Why does the author use Marlboro man to refer to Miller?A. Because the image symbolizes a popular American hero.B. Because Miller is having a cigarette.C. Because Miller is a cowboy from the west.D. Because Americans dont like smoking. 3. What are Not symptoms of post-traumatic disorder?A. Loss of sleep, having images.B. Flashbacks, panic attacks and paranoia.C. Possibility of being violent to loved ones.D. Being silent all the time. 4. Why did Miller attack another marine when waiting offshore in a troop transport of New Orleans?A. Because he hated the man.B. Because the man attacked him first.C. Because he had the illusion of Iraq war when hearing the mans whistling.D. Because he felt guilty for having the life. 5. What is the main idea of this article?A. A picture changed the fate of Miller.B. Miller became the Marlboro Man of America.C. Most Americans were against Iraqi WarD. A picture made Miller a hero, but couldnt save him from post-traumatic stress disorder.II. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you. A sudden (1) shutter click of a war photographers camera changed the life of a US marine James Blake Miller. Millers image in the picture became a symbol of (2) steely resolve, of weary-yet-determined struggle, of the (3) toughness of the American fighting man having a cigarette break before finishing the job. Now Miller is a different (4) symbol in a different time. As the war has (5) dragged on, his life has collapsed in the face of post-traumatic stress (6) disorder. He has to draw a disability pension, for his condition and his personal life is a (7) wreck. His life has slumped into struggle and (8) despair. Miller becomes a symbol of the human (9) cost of war, whose story is a reminder of the price that ordinary men and women are (10) paying for the Iraq operation.Vocabulary I. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1. The plane _ across the sky. A. streaked B. marked C. moved D. rushed 2. A moments _ will show you are wrong. A. reflection B. request C. response D. resentment 3. The _ of hair is making this photo look so natural! A. branch B. wisp C. series D. slice 4. Walking into the conference room, the director looked at every one there with _ eyes. A. hard B. critic C. steely D. strong 5. He associated _ with his friends in a business. A. work B. understanding C. underway D. undertaking 6. The crash to the tree injured two persons and made the car into a _. A. wreck B. trash C. damage D. ruin 7. Business _ after the Christmas holidays. A. settled B. smashed C. sneaked D. slumped 8. Though we made the machine work, _ technical problems remain. A. unusual B. enormous C. unique D. rare 9. Some _ of World War II gathered to celebrate their victory. A. veterans B. vendors C. ventures D. vets10. The doctor prescribed some medicine for his mental _. A. mass B. disorder C. chaos D. pollutionII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. in the wake of assault bankruptcy discharge suffer from highlight honorably in the face of team up with whistle profile restive drag on stress ignore 1. Outbreak of disease occurred in the wake of the drought. 2. The firm will head toward bankruptcy unless a new manager is elected. 3. Those bridges and islets all highlight the garden scenery. 4. American troop assaulted the terrorist camp with heavy artillery. 5. For depressed patients there appears to be an increased risk of suicide immediately after discharge from hospital. 6. Sports should be conducted honorably in an atmosphere of moral purity. 7. In the face of the new evidence, he had to admit that he had been wrong. 8. He preferred to go into business alone rather than to team up with anyone else. 9. We could see the profile of a distant hill if it is very clear.10. The government has done nothing to ease restrictions on export and manufacturers are growing restive (难控制的)TranslationPut the following paragraph into English. 这幅照片象征着人类为战争所付出的代价。随着美国对伊作战进入第四个年头，它时时提醒着普通美国人，他们的生活是如何被这场战争所改变的。人们很容易遗忘美国人正在打仗这一事实。但是现在，米勒的故事提醒我们普通的美国人正在为伊拉克的军事行动付出代价。参考译文：The picture remains a symbol of the human cost of war. As the conflict in Iraq drags on into its fourth year, it is often remarked upon how little ordinary life in America has changed. It is easy to ignore the fact that America is fighting at all. But now Millers story is a reminder of the price that ordinary men and women are paying for the Iraq operation.II. Reading for Amusement Im a single mother who would do anything to protect and provide for her family. Im sure that it is the same for any parent. But when I learned of the news that I was going to be deployed, everyone kept asking me how could I do it. Well I became a soldier before I became a mother, and just knowing that I could help the children in Iraq have a better future helped ease the pain. One of the hardest things I saw over there is the children running up and down the highway with no shoes, worn out clothing and begging for food. All they knew of was living in a house built out of mud, dirt floors, never wearing shoes or having the chance to taste the foods that we have. So I often ask myself: is taking the chance to die for my country worth it since local living in the Middle East dont know what a better way of life is? Can we ask an area that has lived with certain traditions, customs and a way of living for hundreds of years to change? I just hope that for the sake of the fallen soldiers, the injured and for the rest of us in uniform that what we are doing over there is the right thing. Saddam was a very bad and evil person. By finally capturing hi