重庆市高考英语 阅读理解选编38.doc

重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编38阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013四川省绵阳市第三次诊断)chelyabinsk，russiaa meteorite (陨石) moved quickly across the sky and exploded over central russia on feb.15,2013，raining fireballs over a vast area and causing a shock wave that smashed windows，damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people.people heading to work in chelyabinsk heard what sounded like an explosion，saw a bright light and then felt the shock wave，according to a reuters journalist in the industrial city 1,500 km east of moscow.the fireball，travelling at a speed of 30 km per second according to russian space agency roscosmos，had blazed (熊熊燃烧) across the horizon，leaving a long white trail that could be seen as far as 200 km away.car alarms went off，thousands of windows were broken and mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time.the interior ministry said the meteorite explosion，a very rare spectacle，also released a great explosive sound.“i was driving to work.it was quite dark，but it suddenly became bright as if it were day，” said viktor prokofiev,36，a resident of yekaterinburg in the urals mountains.“i felt like i was blinded by headlights.”the meteorite，which weighed about 10 tonnes and may have been made of iron，entered earths atmosphere and broke apart 30 km50 km above ground according to russias academy of sciences.“the energy released when it entered the earths atmosphere was equal to a few kilotonnes，” the academy said，“the power of a small atomic weapon exploding.”no deaths were reported but the emergencies ministry said 20,000 rescue and cleanup workers were sent to urals region after president vladimir putin told emergencies minister vladimir puchkov to ease and help the victims.the interior ministry said about 1,200 people had been injured，at least 200 of them children，and most from broken pieces of glass.1what do we learn about the meteorite from the passage?ait is a very huge ball made of iron.bit quickly broke apart on the ground.cit exploded over russias urals region.dits similar to an abomb in weight.22the underlined word “smashed” in para.1 is closest in meaning to “_”abrokebmeltedcswallowed dcleared3we can know from the passage that _.amoscow is 1,500 kilometers away from the east of chelyabinskbmany houses were destroyed，with lots of people reported missingcviktor prokofiev became blind after seeing the rare spectacledthe shock wave briefly influenced mobile phone networks4which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?a“meteorite rush” begins in russiabpresident putin orders assistancecmeteorite hits russia,1,200 people hurtdmeteorite flies quickly across russia【参考答案】语篇解读文章报道了陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸，导致1 200人受伤的事件。1解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“exploded over central russia on feb.15,2013”以及倒数第二段中的“rescue and cleanup workers were sent to urals region”可知，陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸。答案：c2解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“causing a shock wave that smashed windows，damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people”以及第四段中的“thousands of windows were broken”可推知smashed与broke的意思最接近。答案：a3解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time”可知d项正确。答案：d4解析：主旨大意题。第一段是本则新闻的主旨，c项既点明了事件主题“陨石袭击俄罗斯”，又报道了其后果“1 200人受伤”，所以选c项。答案：c。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014山东省泰安市高三第一轮复习质量检测】more than one in four children alive in britain today will celebrate their 100th birthday，official figures showed.the special figures show a huge social change，with todays children likely to survive far longer than their parents or grandparents.of the 12.4 million children aged 16 and under,3.3 million (27%) will become someone who is a hundred years old or older.in a class of 30 children，eight can live to be 100.and the rest of the children are likely to get to an old age，even though they will not make it to three figures.experts warned that children may live to 100，but that they will not get their state pension until they are 70 or beyond.the state pension age is rising to 66 for both men and women by 2020，and the government has warned it will continue to rise.laith khalaf，a pension expert，said，“living to an old age is lucky if you can afford it，but a nuisance if you cant.those without enough savings will be depending on the state pension which will be changed.”it also increases the possibility of millions of people surviving until their 100th birthday with a poor quality of life because of poor health and little money.millions of older people have no pensions，no savings and no plans about how they are going to pay for their retirement other than to carry on working.if the older population demands more resources，then they have to come from their own wealth or the government.laith said，“millions of people will be spending over a third of their lives in retirement.it is high time that we reformed the state pension system.we want to make it fair for future generation.”1from the first paragraph we can learn that_.atodays children probably live longer than their parentsbfew of british children are expected to live to an old agecmore than 30% of children aged 16 can live to be 100d20% of british children will celebrate their 100th birthday2the underlined word “nuisance” in paragraph 2 probably means_.asomebody who is disabledbsomebody who is dishonestcsomething that causes troubledsomething that is incorrect3what kind of life will people living to 100 probably face?aa high quality of life because of the development of technology.ba low quality of life because of bad health and limited money.ca high quality of life because of the increase in food price.da low quality of life because of the present government.4why should the government at present reform the state pension system?athe present pension system isnt quite useful.bpeople nowadays dont need the pension at all.cmore and more people ask the government to do so.dthe present pension system is unfair for future generation.5what can be inferred from the text?athe retirement age will be raised to 70 or beyond.bthe government will provide job chances for the retired.cthe state pension age for men is different from that for women.dit will increase the governments pressure if more children live to 100.语篇解读官方数据表明，现在的英国儿童会比他们的长辈活得更久。令人担心的是，这将会给政府带来巨大的养老负担。1解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的第二句“the special figures show a huge social change，with todays children likely to survive far longer than their parents or grandparents.”可知，现在的英国儿童可能会比他们的长辈活得更久，故选a。答案：a2解析：考查词义猜测。根据上下文可知，画线词所在句表示“如果你能够承担养老的费用，长寿是一种幸运，但如果承担不起，那就会是一种麻烦”，故nuisancesomething that causes trouble，答案为c。答案：c3解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“it also increases the possibility of millions of people surviving until their 100th birthday with a poor quality of life because of poor health and little money.”可知，活到100岁的人可能会面临因身体差、资金有限而造成生活质量降低的问题，即b项正确。答案：b4解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段的最后一句“we want to make it fair for future generation.”可知，目前的养老金制度对于后代来说是不公平的，因此政府要改革养老金制度，故d项正确。答案：d5解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段的最后一句“if the older population demands more resources，then they have to come from their own wealth or the government.”可知答案。答案：d.（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。“ok，” i said to my daughter as she bent over her afternoon bowl of rice.“whats going on with you and your friend j？” jis the leader of a group of thirdgraders at her campa position lucy herself occupied the previous summer.now shes_the_one_on_the_outs，and every day at snack time，she tells me all about it，while i offer the unhelpful advice all summer long.“shes fond of giving orders，” lucy complained.“shes turning everyone against me.shes mean.shes bad at math.shes terrible at kickball.and shes fat.”“excuse me，”i said，struggling for calm.“what did you just say？”“shes fat，” lucy mumbled(含糊地说)into her bowl.“we are going upstairs，” i said，my voice cold，“we are going to discuss this.” and up we went.id spent the nine years since her birth getting ready for this day，the day wed have to have the conversation about this horrible word.i knew exactly what to say to the girl on the receiving end of the teasing(嘲笑)，but in all of my imaginings，it never once occurred to me that my daughter would be the one who used the f wordfat.my daughter sat on her bed，and i sat beside her.“how would you feel if someone made fun of you for something that wasnt your fault？”i began.“she could stop eating so much，”lucy mumbled，mouthing the simple advice a thousand doctors and wellmeaning friends and relatives have given overweight women for years.“its not always that easy，”i said.“everyones different in terms of how they treat food.” lucy looked at me，waiting for me to go on.i opened my mouth，then closed it.should i tell her that，in teasing a womans weight，shes joined the long，proud tradition of critics who go after any woman with whom they disagree by starting with “youre ugly” and ending with“no man would want you and there must be something wrong with any man who does”？should i tell her i didnt cry when someone posted my picture and commented，“im sorry，but arent authors who write books marketed to young women supposed to be pretty？”？does she need to know，now，that life isnt fair? i feel her eyes on me，waiting for an answer i dont have.words are my tools.stories are my job.its possible shell remember what i say forever，and i have no idea what to say.so i tell her the only thing i can come up with that is absolutely true.i say to my daughter，“i love you，and there is nothing you could ever do to make me not love you.but im disappointed in you right now.there are plenty of reasons for not liking someone.what she looks like isnt one of them.”lucy nods，tears on her cheeks.“i wont say that again，”she tells me，and i pull her close，pressing my nose against her hair.we are both quiet，and i dont know if i have said the right thing.so as we sit there together，shoulder to shoulder，i pray for her to be smart.i pray for her to be strong.i pray for her to find friends，work she loves，a partner who loves her，and for the world not to deprive(剥夺)her of the things that make her who she is，for her life to be easy，and for her to have the strength to handle it when its not.and still，always，i pray that she will never struggle as ive struggled，that weight will never be her cross to bear.she may not be able to use the word in our home，but i can use it in my head.i pray that she will never get fat.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。听到女儿使用粗鲁的语言评论别人，这使“我”感到非常震惊。通过与女儿交流，“我”用自己的成长故事表达了对女儿的爱和祝愿。1the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 indicates that lucy_aoften makes fun of her friend j.bhas turned against her friend j.cgets along well with her friend j.dhas begun to compete with her friend j.答案b2why does the author want to discuss with lucy?abecause she wants to offer some other helpful advice.bbecause she has prepared the conversation for nine years.cbecause she is really shocked at lucys rudeness.dbecause she decides to tell lucy a similar story of her own.答案c3what does the author want to tell her daughter?ait is not easy to take the doctors advice to eat less.bpeople shouldnt complain because life is unfair.cshe herself was once laughed at for her appearance.dpeople shouldnt be blamed for their appearance.答案d4it can be inferred from the passage that_athe author earns a living by writing storiesbthe author is a fat but goodlooking womancthe author will stop loving her daughter for what she saiddthe authors daughter agreed with her from the very beginning答案a5we can learn from the last paragraph that_alucy was deeply moved by her mothers prayerba mothers prayer will shape her daughters attitude towards lifecthe author allows her daughter to use the f word in her headdthe author hopes her daughter will never have weight trouble答案d6the authors attitude towards her daughter can be best described as_aloving but strict bindifferent but patientcsatisfied and friendly dunsatisfied and angry答案a阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013哈尔滨市质检，d)as the richest country in the world, youd expect that qatar would also be the happiest. and youd also expect japanese people to be extremely positive, seeing as though they have the highest life expectancy. but clearly wealth and good health do not guarantee happiness after both countries failed to make the top ten most positive countries.the poll (民意测验) of nearly 150 000 people around the world found that seven of the worlds 10 countries with the most upbeat attitudes are in latin america. gallup asked about 1 000 people in each of 148 countries if they were wellrested, had been treated with respect, smiled or laughed a lot, learned or did something interesting and felt feelings of enjoyment the previous day.in panama and paraguay, 85 percent of those polled said yes to all five, putting those countries at the top of the list. they were followed closely by el salvador, venezuela, trinidad and tobago, thailand, guatemala, the philippines, ecuador and costa rica.the people least likely to report positive emotions lived in singapore, the wealthy and orderly citystate that ranks among the most developed in the world. other wealthy countries also sat surprisingly low on the list. germany and france tied with the poor african state of somaliland for 47th place.many of the seven countries which were most positive do poorly in traditional measures of wellbeing, like guatemala, a country torn by decades of civil war followed by waves of gangdriven criminality that give it one of the highest killing rates in the world. guatemala sits just above iraq on the united nations human development index, a composite of life expectancy, education and per capita income. but it ranks seventh in positive emotions