全新版大学英语综合教程11~4单元考试涉及内容.doc

全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程114单元考试涉及内容单词背诵课文翻译句子VocabularyClose 编辑人：韩士龙Unit1 Growing Upoffandon断断续续地，有时takehold生根，确立 associate使联系起来，使联想assignment（分配的）工作，任务，作业turnout编写，制作paragraph段落agony(身心的)极度痛苦assign分配，分派cheerless阴郁的，沉闷的tedious乏味的，冗长的reputation名声，名誉inability无能，无力 inspire激励，鼓舞formal刻板的，拘谨的，正式的，正规的rigid一成不变的，严格的outofdate过时的excessively过分地prim古板的，拘谨的，循规蹈矩的，整洁的severe朴素的，严重的，剧烈的wavy波形的，波浪形的necktie领带pointed有尖的，尖的jaw颌，颚comic滑稽的，喜剧的，连环漫画（册）antique古物，古玩 tackle处理，应付informal（指讲话，文字）口语体的，非正式的essay散文，小品文，论说文distribute分发，分配，分送finally最终，终于faceupto勇敢地接受或对付scan浏览，粗略地看 spaghetti意大利式细面条title标题，题目，给.加标题，加题目于extraordinary不同寻常的，奇特的sequence一连串相关的事物，次序，顺序image形象，印象，（图）像vivid生动的，逼真的adult成年人，成年动物recall回想起，回忆起social社会的，社交的，交谊的respectable可敬的，体面的，文雅的putdown写下recapture再现，再次经历relive再体验，重温violate违背，违反compose创作turnin交（作业）command命令，指令discipline惩罚，处分，纪律whatsmore而且，此外，更有甚者contempt轻视，轻蔑ridicule嘲笑，嘲弄，被戏弄open-hearted诚挚的enjoyment愉快，欢乐，满意holdback控制（感情，眼泪等）avoid避免demonstration表明，证明calling职业，使命career生涯，事业，职业seal印章，图章essence本质，精髓tradition传统award授予，给予valedictorian致告别词的毕业生代表maintain保持，维持lookforwardto盼望participatein参加registration登记，注册fee费（如会费等）gym健身房，体育馆compareto相比，比得上falsify窜改，歪曲plus（常置于被修饰词后面）比.略好（或略高）一些的，加，加上tie平手，不分胜负drownout（指声音）淹没hereandthere各处filter渗过，渗透resign顺从，听任，辞职makeit办成，做到，赶上principal校长，院长policy方针，政策regarding关于，至于dignity尊严muster激起，聚集represent代表，象征expectation期待，预期clasp紧抓，紧握significance意义，意思hoe用锄除（草），用锄整（地）springup迅速生长或出现delicate脆弱的，柔软的withdrawn沉默寡言的，不善交际的drag拖着脚步走exception例外tremble颤抖，哆嗦 yell叫喊innocent天真无邪的，清白的hug拥抱pat轻拍背诵课文： Suddenly I want to write about that,about the warmth and good feeling of it,but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy,not for Mr. Fleagle.It was moment I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening .To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition Id learned in school ,and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade.Never mind .I would write something else for Mr. Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself.翻译：突然我就想描述那一切，描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛，但我把它写下来仅仅是想白得其乐，而不是为弗利格尔先生而写。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一个时刻。我想重温那个夜晚的愉快。然而，照我希望的那样去写，就会违反我在学校里学的正式作文的种种法则弗利格尔先生也肯定会打它个不及格。没关系。等我为自己写好了之后，我可以再为弗利格尔先生写点什么别的东西。句子翻译：1.那是个正式的宴会，我照妈妈对我讲的那样穿着礼服去了。Asitwasaformaldinnerparty,Iworeformaldress,asMothertoldmeto.2.他的女友劝他趁抽烟的坏习惯还未根深蒂固之前把它改掉。Hisgirlfriendadvisedhimtogetoutof/getridofhisbadhabitofsmokingbeforeittookhold.3.他们预料到下几个月电的需求量很大，决定增加生产。Anticipatingthatthedemandforelectricitywillbehighduringthenextfewmonths,theyhavedecidedtoincreaseitsproduction.4.据说比尔因一再违反公司的安全规章而被解雇。ItissaidthatBillhasbeenfiredforcontinuallyviolatingthecompanyssafetyrules.Billissaidtohavebeenfiredforcontinuallyviolatingthecompanyssafetyrules.5.据报道地方政府已采取适当措施避免严重缺水的可能性。Itisreportedthatthegovernmenthastakenpropermeasurestoavoidthepossibilityofaseverewatershortage.Thelocalgovernmentisreportedtohavetakenpropermeasurestoavoidthepossibilityofaseverewatershortage.Vocabulary:associate tackle agony put down vivid respectable sequence distributeoff and on finally extraordinary rigid reputation hold back tedious turn in1) Alan was always in trouble with the police when he was young but hes now a respectable married man.2) The people who had been hurt in the car accident lay screaming in agony.3) Because his conditions not serious theyve put his name down on the hospital waiting list.4) The second part of the book describes the strange sequence of events that lead to the Kings fall from power.5) When I saw my little boy crying bitterly over the death of his pet dog ,I could hardly hold back my tears.6) They are going to distribute those clothes and blankets among the flood victims.7) Linda managed to support herself by working off and on as a waitress.8) Parts of my childhood are so vivid to me that they could be memories of yesterday.9) People often associate the old days with good times,and seem to forget the hardship they suffered.10) Andrew finally decided , after much thought , to leave his job.11) Janes worried she wont be able turn in her paper on time.12) The President came under attack from all sides for his inability to tackle the countrys severe social problems.Cloze:Dear Aunt Pat: Today my English teacher chose my essay to read to the class. I had tried to make it funny-and it worked!Everybody laughed. Even prim Mr.Fleagle had to struggle to hold back a smile. Afterwards lots of people offered me their congratulations.I was more surprised than anybody. As you know, I used to find our Enghlishexercises rather tedious ,but this time when I scanned the list of essay titiles one caught my eye. It was The art of Eatijng Spaghetti. Do you recall that night in Belleville when you made us all sgaghetti? It remained vivid to me. Especially all the good-humored agruments we had about the proper way to eat it. So thats what I wrote about.I have had the ideal off and on for some time now that one day I might take up writing. If I can turn inmore work like that perhaps I really will be able to make a career of it .Best wishes,RussellUnite2 Friendshipbelostin（loseoneselfin）专心致志于windshield（汽车的）挡风玻璃cab出租车available可用的，可得到的apologetically道歉的，带有歉意的orsomething诸如此类的事goahead继续，开始know/learnbyheart记住，能背出ontheroad在旅途中estimate估计might/may(just)aswell不妨，（也）无妨notmuchofa不太好的keepup保持correspondence通信（联系），信件practically自始至终，一直neighborhood街坊，四邻kind/sortof有几分，有点儿losetouch（withsb）失去联系guy家伙，伙计acoupleof几个，一对，一双tough不幸的，困难的，坚固的，坚强的ononesmind记挂在心头keepintouch（with）（与.）保持联系，保持接触comeup(尤指意想不到地)发生，出现shrug耸（肩）urge力劝，催促postpone推迟，使延期reference提及，谈到，参考，查阅absolutely完全地，极其reunion（家人，朋友，同事等久别后的）重聚goby（时间）逝去hangout闲荡，徘徊everynowandthen有时mostly几乎全部，多半，大体awful非常的，极大的，可怕的，糟糕的choke（使）窒息，堵塞chokeup(因激动等)哽得说不出话，堵塞destination目的地skip略过，跳过，跳跃sorrowful伤心的，悲伤的inthedistance在(相当)远处unpack打开rightaway立刻，马上letdown使失望，不帮助burnoff烧掉peer仔细看uneasy不安的，担心的bump颠簸着前进getridof消灭，除去stuff东西，原料tow拖，拉，牵引soak（使）浸透pitch颠簸swing（使）突然转向burstinto突然（烧，哭等）起来flame火焰，火舌spin（使）旋转fling抛，扔，掷roar轰鸣（声），吼叫（声）crash撞，撞坏，坠毁steer驾驶bare赤裸的grip紧握explosion爆炸extent程度，范围injury伤害，损伤worsestill更糟糕的是inbad/goodshape身体状况差（好）despair绝望hangon坚持permanently永久地，固定地principle信条，原则，原理drawon利用，动用，靠character品德，品质，性格lean倚，靠exclaim惊叫，呼喊grab一把抓住slide（使）滑动ease减轻（痛苦，负担等）grin咧嘴笑medal奖章，奖牌，勋章courageous勇敢的，无畏的rescue援救，营救highlight最重要的事件，最精彩的部分背诵课文：“Thisisntfamily,”hereplied.“Although,”hewenton,“cometothinkofit,itmightjustaswellhavebeenfamily.OldEdwasmyoldestfriend.Infact,weusedtocalleachotherOldFriendwhenwedmeet,thatis.Imnotmuchofahandatwriting.”“Idontthinkanyofuskeepupourcorrespondencetoowell,”Isaid.“IknowIdont.ButItakeithessomeoneyouveknownquiteawhile?”“Allmylife,practically.Wewerekidstogether,sowegowayback.”“Wenttoschooltogether?”“Allthewaythroughhighschool.Wewereinthesameclass,infact,throughbothgrade andhighschool.”“Therearenottoomanypeoplewhovehadsuchalongfriendship ,”I said.翻译：“不是家里人，”他回答说。“不过，”他接着说，“想起来，也可以算是一家人了。埃德老伙计是我最老的朋友了。实际上，过去我俩总是以老朋友相称的就是说，当我俩相见时。我这人就是不大会写东西。”“我看大家写信都不那么勤快，”我说。“我自己笔头就很懒。我看，你认识他挺久了吧?”“差不多认识了一辈子了。我俩小时候就一起玩，所以我俩的友谊确实很长了。”“一起上的学?”“都一起上到高中呢。事实上，我俩从小学到高中都在一个班里。”“保持这么长久友谊的人可真不多见啊，”我说。Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back tow.Its a process filled with disappointments and reverses, but somehow we keep moving ahead.正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺落回到拖车。这是一个充满失望与挫折的过程，但我们继续前进。句子翻译：1)半个小时过去了，但末班车还没来。我们只好走回家。Halfanhourhadgoneby,butthelastbushadntcomeyet.Wehadtowalkhome.2)玛丽看上去对汉语考试很担心，因为她还没有背熟课文。MaryseemstobeveryworriedabouttheChineseexambecauseshehasntlearnedthetextsbyheart.3)既然篮球赛已被推迟，我们不妨去参观博物馆。Sincethebasketballmatchhasbeenpostponed,wemightaswellvisitthemuseum.4)整个二次世界大战期间他一直和父母住在澳大利亚。HestayedinAustraliawithhisparentsallthewaythroughWW5)自1985年从南京大学毕业至今，可以说我与我的大学同学失去了联系。SinceIgraduatedfromNanjingUniversityin1985,Ihavekindoflosttouchwithmyclassmates.Vocabulary:available go head keep in touch absolutely urge estimate reunion hang out referencedestination or something go by every now and then mostly know by heart right away1) There was no wind and the oak tree behind the house was standing absolutely still.2) If you dont want to buy a kite, you can make your own using directions available in books at your local library.3) The girl walked steadily north,pausing every no and then to check her direction.4) The trade unions are urged employers to invest more money in staff training.5) As a sailing ship has destination, so we must have a definite goal in our life.6) Before people know how to make and use metals, engineering constructions were mostly built of wood or stone.7) Youll probably find Dave at the school disco-he often hangs out there.8) If your house has been broken into, dont touch anything. Call the police right away.9) We had a family reunion where I saw relatives I hadnt seen for 20 years.10) I guess Henry has been busy writing an article or something recently. Thats why he couldnt accept the invitation.11) Scientists estimate that smoking reduces life expectancy by around 12 year on average.12) Although it is unlikely that everyone will be able to come, they are still going ahead with the plan to hold a class reunion. Cloze:Poor old ED.It made me all_choked_ _up_when I heard the news about his death. He meant an_awful_ lot of me. We had know each other_ practically_all our lives. ever since we grew up in the same_neighborhood_. I should have written to him before, but Im not much good at_correspondence_. All my available_time is taken up driving the cab. We used to get together, but its been a long time since our last _reunion_._Mostly_we just kept in touch with the occasional card. Id been meaning to write a proper letter for a long time, but kept_postponing_ it. Then last week I finally got round to it, only to get the bad news just as I was on my way to the mail box. Whoever says you should never put off till tomorrow what you can do today is_absolutely_ right.Unite3 Understanding Sciencelikely可能的,可能privileged有特权的privilege特权minority少数dowithout没有.而设法对付过去highly很，非常risky危险的，有风险的nasty令人难受的brutish野兽般的，野蛮的anyway不管怎么说put/turntheclockback倒退，开倒车cutoff切断，中断，切下，剪下competition竞争，比赛bringabout引起，导致moreover而且，再者inquiring好问的，爱探索的inquire询问global世界的，全球的suppress抑制，压制initiative首创精神，主动inventiveness发明才能，创造力slowdown减慢rate速度，比率ensure保证，确保democratic民主的informed有知识的，了解情况的，明智的inform告诉，通知atthemoment此刻，目前intwominds犹豫不决，三心二意steady平稳的，稳定的evident明显的cartoon漫画，动画片element成分，元素astronomy天文学series连续，系列，系列节目fiction小说，虚构harness驾驭，利用background背景acid酸（性的），酸味的（物质）greenhouse温室nuclear原子核的，核心的weapon武器genetic基因的，遗传（学）的engineering工程，工程学basis基础liein在于rote死记硬背learnbyrote死记硬背地学习relevance相关，关联intermsof从.方面（或角度）来说，按照，根据equation等式，方程（式）brief简洁的，短暂的mathematical数学的halve将.减半tend倾向，趋向intheformof呈.的形状，以.形式precise精确的qualitative定性的，性质上的grasp掌握，了解concept概念sufficient充分的，足够的convey传达，表达diagram图表，图解framework框架，结构molecular分子的transistor晶体管，晶体管收音机putacross解释清楚，使被理解proportion比例，部分truly真正地，确实地magic魔术，魔力fitinto适合，符合，属于producer（电影，电视片等的）制片人，生产者，制造人responsibility责任educate教育entertain给.以欢乐，招待hence因此，从此contact与.接触alien外国的，陌生的civilization文明deadline最后期限headline（报纸上新闻报导等的）标题immediately直接地，贴近地victim受害者，罹难者frustrate使沮丧，使灰心yield泄露，产生stepbystep逐步地，稳定地outcome结果resultin导致，结果是gradual逐渐的，渐变的process过程conclusion结论propose提出，建议random任意的，随机的comparewith与.比较evaluate评估，评价characterize成为.的特征bulk大部分，（巨大的）体积submit提交，呈递publish发表，出版professional专业的，职业的pressrelease(通讯社或政府机构等发布的）新闻稿challenge挑战amount数量，总数weardown(使）变小，变少，变弱organic有机（体）的，只施用有机肥料的trumpet大肆宣扬reverse挫折，逆境somehow以某种方式背诵课文：Anyway,evenifonewantedto,onecouldntputtheclockbacktoanearlierage.Knowledgeandtechniquescantjustbeforgotten.Norcanonepreventfurtheradvancesinthefuture.Evenifallgovernmentmoneyforresearchwerecutoff(andthepresentgovernmentisdoingitsbest),the forceofcompetitionwouldstillbringaboutadvancesintechnology.Moreover,onecannotstopinquiringmindfromthinkingaboutbasicscience,whetherornottheyarepaidforit.Theonlywaytopreventfurtherdevelopmentswouldbeaglobalstatethatsuppressedanythingnew,andhuman initiativeandinventivenessaresuchthateventhiswouldntsucceed.Allitwoulddoisslow downtherateofchange.翻译：不管怎样，即使有人想这么做，他也无法将时钟拨回到早先的时代。知识与技术不可能说忘就忘了。也没有人能阻止未来的进一步发展。即使所有用于研究的政府资金都被取消（现政府最擅此事），竞争的力量仍将继续带来技术的发展。更何况，没有人能阻止探究求索之士去思索基础学科，无论他们是否会为此得到酬劳。唯一能阻止进一步发展的办法或许是一个压制任何新事物的全球政府，但人类的进取心与创造力如此旺盛，即便这个政府也不会成功。它所能做到的只是延缓变化的速度。句子翻译：1)正如科学家所预言的那样，全球污染成了人类面临的最严重的问题之一。Asispredictedbyscientists,globalpollutionhasbecomeoneofthemostseriousproblemshumansarefacedwith.2)谋求这些职位的竞争很激烈今年的求职者是去年的五倍。Competitionforthesejobsisverytoughwehavefivetimesasmanyapplicantsthisyearaswedidlastyear.Therearefivetimesasmanyapplicantsthisyearastherewerelastyear.3)正如事实表明的那样，教育大纲应当符合国家的经济发展计划。Asthefactsshow,educationalprogramsneedtofitintothenationalplanforeconomicaldevelopment.4)这辆汽车太费油，而且价钱几乎是我想付的两倍。Thecarburnstoomuchgas,andmoreover,thepriceisalmosttwiceasmuchasIintendtopay.5)要了解一起重大的国际事件，我们首先需要考虑其历史与政治背景。Tounderstandagreatinternationalevent,we,firstofall,needtoconsiderthehistoricalandpoliticalbackgroundtoit.Vocabulary:initiative evident precise grasp put across anyway in the form of cut of tendconvey concept in two minds brief proportion in terms of sufficient1) Itll only be a brief visit because we recently havent much time.2) The job is great in terms of advancement but the starting salary is rather low.3) Wed better pay that electricity bill before they cut us off.4) As pace of life quickens things tend to change fast in the city.5) Why dont we get rid of these old chairs, since we dont use them anyway?6) The earths atmosphere makes precise observation of distant stars difficult.7) The lawn was laid out in the form of the figure 8.8) I shouldnt always have to tell you what to do, use your own initiative.9) Words cannot convey how grateful we are for his timely help.10) It seems to me that the board of directors is in two minds over the opening of a branch office in South Africa.11) I find it difficult to grasp the concept of infinite space.12) Philip presented a complex argument that was completely beyond my grasp. Cloze:Dowehavetherightattitudetowardsscience?Hawkingsuggestthatmanypeoplearehighlydistrustfulofit.Thismightchangeifthepublicwerebetterinformed.Butnowcanwebringthisabout?Itisevidentthatschoolsareimportant,especiallyifscienceistaughtinaninterestingmanner.Butscienceischangingatsuchafastratethatwhatwelearninschoolisnolongersufficienttolastalifetime.Whatcanweusetoputacrossnewsofthelatestideasanddevelopments?Popularsciencebookscanhelp,buttheproportionofthepopulationthatreadthemisnotverylarge.Henceweneedtorelyontelevision,foronlytelevisioncanensurethemessagereachesasufficientlylargeaudience.Unit 4 The American Dreamdriveway宅旁私家车道mow修剪（草坪），刈（草）lawn草地，草坪comprehend理解,了解,领会turnaway拒绝帮忙，不让.进入weed除去.的杂草，除草，杂草，野草assume假设，以为compliment赞扬，赞美的言辞或行为workout制定出，解决，算出weekly每周的，一周一次的cleanup打扫，清除dowith对待，处理determination决心，决定personnel人事部门，全体人员，全体职员apprentice学徒capacity能力，才能blueprint蓝图micrometer测微计，千分尺precision精密，精确（性）turndown拒绝skilled熟练的，有技巧的，技术性的grinder磨工grind磨，磨碎，碾碎instrument工具，器械，仪器forsale待售wreck残破物，（尤指失事船只，飞机等的）残骸callon拜访banker银行家，银行高级职员loan借，贷，贷款character（人的）品德，品质，性格damn丝毫reluctantly勉强地mortgage抵押借款，按揭downpayment定金，（分期付款的）初付款额discard抛弃oddsandends零星杂物，琐碎物品screen纱门，纱窗，屏，荧屏hardware五金器具，（计算机的）硬件spot地点，斑点confidence信心amaze使惊愕，使诧异amazement惊愕，诧异diet日常饮食sendfor派人去叫，召唤，派人去取hunt寻找，打猎，猎取abandon抛弃，放弃property（房）地产，财产shed小屋，棚sometime某个时候sponsor为.做保证人，主办，发起，保证人，主办人，发起人amuse逗乐，给.提供娱乐approach接近millionaire百万富翁passaway去世checkon检查，调查，察看handle管理，处理，操纵livable适于居住的homey舒适的，像家一样的stature身材，身高，境界industrialist工业家，实业家route路线，路程principle信条，原则，原理vision远见，视觉，视力optimism乐观，乐观主义aboveall最重要的是integrity正直，完整rung（梯子的）横档，梯级basement地下室giant巨大的，巨人balance平衡，余额balancesheet资产负债表decimal小数bat眨（眼睛）claim声称，断言commonplace普通的，平凡的section（事物的）一部分circumference圆周factor将.分解因子，因素quadratic二次的sole唯一的contribute作出贡献，贡献出ultimate最终的，根本的illegal不合法的，违法的immigrant（外来）移民，移民的，移入的tacostand卖玉米面卷的摊子connection连接，联系，（可资利用的）熟人，关系putupwith忍受，容忍insearchof寻找headfor向.行进supervise监督，指导land赢得，得到temporary暂时的，临时的response回答，反应risk冒.的危险，（使）遭受危险，危险，风险acquire（靠自己的能力，努力等）取得，获得，学到make（both）endsmeet勉强维持生计，使收支相抵associatesdegree准学士学位environment环境，周围状况ontheside作为兼职standachanceof有.的希望，有.的可能prospect前景，预期，展望reserve保留，储备，预订rare稀有的，罕见的，不寻常的former以前的，早先的，旧时的quit停止，放弃deserve应受，应得，值得impress给.深刻的印象，使钦佩showup来到，露面flip转动，使翻转humanistic人道主义的，人本主义背诵课文：Afterhepassedaway,Ithoughtmorean