分词和独立主格.doc

英语分词可用作哪些状语一、时间状语Hearing the news, he jumped for joy. 听了这消息时高兴得跳了起来。Asked who he was, he made no reply. 当问到他是谁时，他没作回答。上面两句中的分词短语均用作时间状语，均可改为时间状语从句，其中现在分词短语hearing the news相当于when he heard the news，过去分词短语asked who he was相当于when he was asked who he was。二、原因状语Being sick I stayed at home. 我因病呆在家中。Much discouraged，she moved on to London. 她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。两句中的分词短语均用作原因状语，其中现在分词短语being sick相当于as he was sick，过去分词短语much discourage相当于as she was discouraged。三、条件状语Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。Compared with you, I still have a long way to go. 跟你比较起来，我还差得很远呢。两句中的分词短语均用作条件状语，其中第一句中的现在分词短语working hard相当于if you work hard，第二句中的compared with you相当于if I was compared with you。四、让步状语Although living miles away, he never came late. 虽然住在几英里以外，他从未迟到。Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。两句中的分词短短语均表示让步，含有“虽然”“尽管”之意，其中第一句中的although living miles away相当于although he lived miles away；第二句中的defeated相当于though he was defeated。五、方式状语He made a lot of money selling waste materials. 他靠卖废料赚了不少钱。Im returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。第一句中的现在分词短语selling waste materials表示方式，相当于by selling waste materials；第二句的as requested也表示方式，相当于as it is required。六、伴随状语He was lying on the sofa watching TV. 他躺在沙发上看电视。He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。两句中的分词短语均表示伴随，第一句中的watching TV伴随谓语动作was lying同时进行；第二句中的followed by his wife伴随谓语动作came in同时发生。七、结果状语I fell, striking my head against the door. 我摔倒在地，头撞到门上。He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五个孩子。两句中的striking my head against the door和leaving his wife with five children均为结果状语，分别表示“摔倒”和“死”所带来的结果。由“名词(代词)+现在分词”构成的独立主格独立主格由“名词或代词+形容词、副词、分词不、不定式等”构成，其中的“名词或代词”用主格形式，起逻辑主语的作用，其后的“形容词、副词、分词不、不定式等”起逻辑谓语的作用。注意，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。本文主要介绍“名词或代词+现在分词”的用法。The children playing in the room, I couldnt get down studying. 孩子们在屋里玩，我没法学习。Mothing being ill, I had to stay at home looking after her. 母亲病了，我只好呆在家里照顾她。There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。Five years later, he returned home, his character greatly changed. 五年后回返回家乡，性格大变了。They walked along holding hands, their fingers interlocked. 他们手指交错，携手而行。The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。Everyone helped, John not excepted. 大家都来帮忙，约翰也不例外。Everything considered, his plan seems better. 从各方面考虑，他的计划似乎好一些。That done, he put on his sweater and went out. 做完这事他穿上毛衣出去了。The question settled, they went back to their respective posts. 这问题解决后，他们就回到各自的岗位上去了。All things considered, I think we ought to give the job to George. 各方面考虑起来，我想我们应当把工作交给乔治。Charles came in, his eyes swollen. 查尔斯走了进来，眼睛肿着。This done, we went home. 做完此事，我们就回家了。She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast. 她凝视着，双手叉在胸前()。Arthur gone, he would only be allowed to m