高考英语 作文高分攻略专题四 开放作文.doc

专题四：开放作文【命题规律】开放作文通常只给出主题或一段素材，要求考生在此基础上自由发挥，自由创作，其特点如下：一、发挥空间大开放作文属于非控制型写作，留有较大空间让考生自由发挥。二、能力要求高开发作文对考生的能力要求更高，考查也更全面，它不仅考查考生的语言表达能力、语言组织能力，而且考查考生的逻辑思维能力、发散思维能力、想象能力以及多角度考虑问题的能力。【备考策略】一、认真审题，找准关键定主题考生要根据提示进行立意，确定文章的中心思想。立意的基础是审题，要把握命题要求，找准提示语中的关键词，把握文体，确定所写的文章是记叙文、议论文还是说明文。二、依据主线，草拟提纲定框架在草拟提纲时要注意突出主题，先写什么、后写什么，要有逻辑顺序。这样写起来就会条理清楚、详略得当、中心突出。三、定位人称和时态，遣词造句谋篇章考生要根据文章提示确定人称和时态，准确定位后，重点放在文章的遣词造句上。写作时要尽量运用多样化的句式，注意长短句的结合，简单句和复合句的结合，没把握的地方灵活变通；注意上下文的衔接，自然过渡。还要注意书写规范、字迹清晰、卷面干净。从近几年高考真题来看，开放式作文可以分为三类：一、以日常生活为切入点的描述性文章这类作文内容较生活化，考生较熟悉，写作起来也相对较容易。二、以社会现象或人生哲理为切入点的议论文此类题目要求考生对社会现象、人生哲理等发表看法，难度相对较大。可以按照以下结构来布局谋篇。引言(introduction)主体(body)结尾(conclusion)。1.开头部分 （引出话题 ，指出观点。） 开头部分必须点题，用12个句子完成，其中最好有一个漂亮的过渡句。2.主体部分 （列举事例，论证观点） 主体部分其实是让学生用言简意赅的语言叙述一个结构完整的事例。注意所讲的事例一定要能突出话题的中心，要注意连词的使用，使叙述有逻辑条理，连贯通顺，一般可用68个句子完成。3.结尾部分 （回归话题，重申观点）结尾部分要用概括性的语言来总结全文主题，得出结论，回归话题。其实，该部分就是在叙事的基础上加以评论，是记叙文写作中的“小抒情”。结尾一般用12个句子完成。 三、以学习生活为依托，考查学生分析问题、解决问题能力的应用文该类型的作文通常通过一段文字（中文或英文），描述一段感受或提出学习生活中遇到的问题，要求考生对此进行分析，并提出解决的方法。【必备模板】一、提供建议型im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to书信主题.here are a few suggestions.first,it is important to第一件应该做的事情.second，it also helps to 第二件应该做的事情.besides，it should be a good idea to第三件应该做的事情.best wishes！二、释疑解惑型as a 作者身份，i understand your situation.the problem you are facing is common among our teenagers/students.however,作者的基本看法或观点.here are a few suggestions.in the first place，第一个建议.这样做的理由.in the second place，第二个建议.这样的理由.finally，第三个建议.这样做的理由.hope you get better soon and make great progress.三、主题演讲型ladies and gentlemen，its my great honor to be here and i will talk about 演讲主题.as you know,there are many advantages of演讲主题.first of all，要点一.展开一两句.besides，要点二.展开一两句.last but not the least,要点三，展开一两句.in a word（to sum up/personally），重申主题.四、人生哲理型years of school life has taught me a lot of things，from which i learned that哲理原句.as a matter of fact, not until i failed in the mid-term exam did i realize the significance of it.结合事例:at first,as a result.then.,after that.finally,. my experience tells me that it is 哲理 that makes a difference.【典型例题】1.【2015湖北】短文写作请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，有英语写一篇短文。 questioning is a bridge to learning. when you begin to doubt something and search for an answer,you will learn.注意：1.无须写标题； 2.除诗歌外，文体不限； 3.内容必须结合你生活中的具体事例； 4.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称； 5.词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。【考点定位】 考查“提纲类开放式”作文。【试题分析】 本文是一篇“提纲类开放式”作文，沿袭了近几年的高考模式，要求根据提示，并结合具体事例，完成一篇英语短文。考生写作之前必须认真审题，注意描述具体事例时要用过去时态，人称用第一人称，内容紧紧围绕所给的主题，最后要有总结，形成首尾呼应。【参考范文】questioning can lead to searching for an answer. if we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more.two years ago, our teacher offered us an answer to a difficult math problem in class. although the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but i doubted it. thinking that his solution might be wrong, i carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. half an hour later, i managed to find the correct answer. when i showed my answer to him, the teacher praised me for my independent thinking.from this experience i have learned that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.【亮点说明】 首句“questioning can lead to searching for an answer.”鲜明地亮出了作者的观点。文章使用了状语从句“if we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more.”及分词做状语“thinking that his solution might be wrong,”等句型，为文章增色不少。此外，一些短语的使用也恰到好处，如offer sb. sth.，work sth. out，manage to do sth.，praise sb. for sth.，serve as等。【名师点睛】 今年的高考短文写作仍然沿袭了近几年的模式，考生对“提纲类开放式”作文比较熟悉。考生答题时，先提取关键词question，doubt，learn来确定中心，确保不走题。通过英文提示，考生很容易得出这一观点：质疑既是求知的一种方式，也是“批判性思维”的起点。这对引导考生进行独立思考，发展批判性思维，培养创新意识，极具启发和指导作用。2.【2015重庆】写作一（满分15分）请就以下话题，按要求用英文写作。if you could give your younger self one piece of advice, what would you say?要求：（1）作出回答并说出理由；（2）词数不少于60；（3）在答题卡上做答。【考点定位】 考查开放性作文。【试题分析】 本文属于考查开放性作文写作，给考生自由发挥的余地较大。对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。在完成开放性作文时，首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在你的能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，因为这样你才可以更好的驾驭。同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体。【参考答案】were i three years younger than i am now, i would strongly recommend that i set more practical and specific goals. as an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass. compared with many abstract objectives, practical ones can bring us more courage and confidence whenever we make one step forward. if only i could go back and reset my goals.【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明，使用了多种句式和结构。比如i would strongly recommend that i set more practical and specific goals.宾语从句；compared with many abstract objectives, practical ones can bring us more courage and confidence whenever we make one step forward.这个句子还运用到非谓语动词；if only i could go back and reset my goals.还运用到虚拟语气。【真题练习】（2014福建卷）第二节 书面表达（满分25分）如何理解“成功”，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语( quotation)，按要求用英语写一篇短文。 “success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm. - sir winston, churchill 内容要求： 1你对该引语的理解，2你的相关经历， 3恰当的结尾。 注意： 1短文开头已给出，不计入总词数： 2文中不能出现考生的具体信息： 3词数：120左右。 this quotation from winston churchill tells us that _. 应用文是历年高考考查频率最高的体裁之一，其中以书信、电子邮件最为常见。从内容上看，近几年高考书信写作主要包括道歉信、感谢信、笔友信、慰问信、投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、求职信、读者请求的解答信及其答复读者的信等。写作时应注意：格式正确，语言简练地道，语气要因人、因事而异。一、英文书信常识 英文书信一般包括以下五个部分：1.信头 （heading）2.称呼 （salutation) 3.正文（body）4.结束语（complimentary close ） 5.签名（signature） 英文书信信头写法：1.写信人的地址和日期，写在右上角。 写地址由小到大，其顺序是： 第一行：门牌和路名，或邮政信箱，楼房名称 第二行：市（县），省，国名 第三行：日期（月,日,年或日,月,年）2.收信人的姓名和地址 这一部分低于写信人地址一至两行，写在左上角.二、历届高考书面表达回顾【2010 全国卷i】假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华。你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，希望附近某大学的外籍教师smith女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。 英语演讲比赛 主题：人与自然 时间：6月15日下午2：005：00 地点：501教室 参赛选手：10名学生 联系人：李华(电话44876655) 欢迎大家光临!注意：词数100左右。dear ms. smith，_ with best wishes， li hua【参考范文】dear ms. smith， im li hua，chair of the student union of yucai middle school，which is close to your university. im writing to invite you to be a judge at our english speech contest to be held in our school on june 15，at room 501.it will start at 2：00 pm and last for about three hours. ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “man and nature”we hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you. please call me at 44876655 if you have any questions. i am looking forward to your reply. with best wishes， li hua【2010 全国卷ii】 假设你是李华，你的美国笔友peter曾表示希望来中国教书。你校现需招聘外教，请给他写封信，告知招聘信息。内容主要包括： 1教授课程：英语口语、英语写作、今日美国、今日英国等2授课对象：高中生(至少三年英语基础)3工作量： 每周12学时，任选三门课 担任学生英语俱乐部或英语校报顾问(advisor)注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头语已为你写好，请将完整的回信书写在答题卡上。dear peter， i remember you told me you were interested in teaching in china. _ best wishes， li hua 【参考范文】dear peter， i remember you told me you were interested in teaching in china. our school now is looking for a native speaker to teach some courses to senior high students. if you come，you can choose three of the following four courses：speaking，writing，britain today and america today，and teach 12 hours a week. the students who are going to take these courses have at least three years of english learning experiences. besides teaching，you will also work as an advisor to our students english club or our schools english newspaper. please let me know if you are interested and if you have any other decisions. id be more than happy to help. best wishes， li hua【2011 全国卷i】假定你是李华，正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程，遇到一些困难，希望得到学校辅导中心(learning center)的帮助。根据学校规定，你需书面预约，请按下列要点写一封信：1本人简介；2求助内容：3约定时间；4你的联系方式 (email：lihua1236com；phone：12345678)。注意：1词数100左右;2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯; 3结束语已为你写好。 dear sir/madam, _ look forward to your reply. yours， li hua【参考范文】dear sir/madam, im li hua, a chinese student taking summer courses in your university. im writing to ask for help. i came here last month and found my courses interesting. but i have some difficulties with note-making and i have no idea of how to use the library. i was told the learning center provides help for students and im anxious to get help from. i have no class on tuesday mornings and friday afternoons. please let me know which day is ok with you. you may email or phone me. here are my email address and please remember: lihua1236com phone：12345678. look forward to your reply. yours， li hua【2011 全国卷】 假定你是李华，你所喜爱的global mirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见。请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容主要包括：1说明你是该报的忠实读者2赞赏该报优点： 1)兼顾国内外新闻 2)介绍名人成功故事3提出建议： 刊登指导英语学习的文章注意：1词数100左右，开头语己为你写好；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。dear editorinchief, congratulations on the 5th anniversary of global mirror!_sincerely yours, li hua【参考范文】dear editorinchief, congratulations on the 5th anniversary of global mirror! im a regular reader of your newspaper. i like it very much mainly for the following two reasons. first, it covers both national and international news so that, by simply turning the pages, i can learn all important things that have happened during the week. equally attractive are the success stories of worldfamous people, which help me understand how a person can work hard to make the world a better place. as a young student, i suggest that global mirror carry articles to guide us in our english learning, and i hope that it will become even more popular. sincerely yours, li hua【2011 山东卷】 假设你是李华，你的美国朋友tom上个月来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给tom写一封电子邮件：1询问tom的生活和学习情况；2谈谈你的困难并请tom帮忙；3告诉tom你打算赛后去看他。注意：1.词数：120150； 2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】dear tom, how time flies! it has been a month since you came to beijing. how is everything going on with your life and study now? what excited me most is that i will go to beijing to attend an english speech contest to be held in summer holiday in july for middle school students. but unfortunately, im encountering many difficulties in collecting materials needed and i also have problems in the application of the language. i wonder if you can help me with these difficulties. i really appreciate it if you could help me. here is good news for you. ive decided to go to see you after the english speech contest. i am looking forward to seeing you. best wishes to you and your parents!yours, li hua【2012全国卷i 】 假定你是李华，从互联网上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡(singapore)举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。 内容主要包括: 1.自我介绍(包括英语能力); 2.参加意图(介绍中国、了解其他国家); 3.希望获准. 注意: 1.词数100左右: 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯; 3.邮件开头和结尾已为你写好。dear sir or madam, im li hua, a middle school student from china._regards,li hua【参考范文】dear sir or madam, im li hua, a middle school student from china. i read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the internet and i am interested in it. i know that you welcome students from different countries and id like to take part in it. ive been learning english for 10 years, and i speak fluent english. what is more, ill be able to tell students from other countries about china and learn about their countries as well. i hope i will be accepted as a member of your summer camp. looking forward to your reply! regards, li hua 【2012全国卷ii】 假定你是李华。你班同学决定为小明举办生日聚会。请你写信邀请外教susan参加，要点包括： 时间：周五晚8点至9点 地点：学生俱乐部 内容：生日歌、蛋糕、游戏等 要求：备小礼物注意： 词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；可以适当增加细节，以便行文连贯； 答案必须写在答题卡相应的位置上。hi, susan, were throwing a surprise party for xiaomings birthday. _【参考范文】hi, susan, were throwing a surprise party for xiaomings birthday. wed like to invite you to the party. we want to give him a surprise, so please keep quiet about it. well gather at the studentsclub at 8 p.m. this friday, after the evening classes. and its going to last about an hour. we each will prepare a little present. when he comes, well light the candles and sing“happy birthday” together for him. then the cake will be cut and well sing songs and play games. itll be nice to see how excited he will be. im sure youll have a good time at the party, too.yours,li hua【2013年全国卷i】 假定你是李华。请你给笔友peter写封信，告诉他你叔叔李明将去他所在城市开会，带去他想要的那幅中国画，同时询问他是否可以接机。信中还需说明： 李明：高个子，戴眼镜 航班号：ca985 到达：8月6日上午11:30 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头语和结束语已为你写好。【参考范文】dear peter,how are you?im writing to tell you that my uncle li ming is going to your city for a conference,and ive asked him to bring you the chinese painting youve asked for before.also,id like you to do me a favor.would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is his first visit to the us？thank you in advance！his flight number is ca985，and it will arrive at 11:30 am，august 6.my uncle is tall and he is wearing glasses.and he will be in a blue jacket. lookingforwardtoyourreply.yours,lihua【2014年全国卷i】 假定你是李华，计划暑假间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况（箭头所指内容）注意：1词数100左右； 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3参考词汇：住宿-accommodation【参考范文】dear sir/ madam,i am a student in china and i plan to go to britain to attend a summer school during the vacation. ive seen your ad, and id like to know something more about your six-week english course. first when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week? besides, i wish there would not be too many students in a class. id also like to know how much i have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included would there be host family or university dormitory?i am looking forward to your early reply. yours faithfully,li hua【2015年全国卷】假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：1.栏目介绍；2.稿件内容；3.稿件长度：4.约400词；5.交稿日期：6月28日前。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头语已为你写好。【参考范文】dear peter,id