高一牛蛏蟄nit1知识点整理.doc

高一牛津上Unit 1知识点梳理一必知考点. Words 单词 词性 中文 词组1. _ _ 穿着讲究的2. _ _ 匆匆一看 _ 看了一眼3. _ _ 叹气4. _ _ 级别高的5. _ _ 职员 _ n. 雇主 _ v. 雇佣6. _ _ 宁可，更喜欢 prefer to do; prefer A to B; _ 宁愿做而不愿做7. _ _ 交流 _同交流/用手势语交流_ n. 交流8. _ _ 手势，姿势 9. _ _ 表情 _ v. 表达10. _ _ 外表，外貌 _ v. 出现；_ v. 消失11. _ _ 印象 _; _给留下好印象12. _ _ 帮助 _ n. 助手；_ v. 帮助13. _ _ 说，评论14. _ _ 提醒 _; _ 提醒某人某事15. _ _ 表示16. _ _ 无聊 _ v. 令人厌烦; _ a. 无聊的17. _ _ 困惑 _ v. 困惑 be confused 18. _ _ 保持 _ 保持眼神交流19. _ _ 认为 _; _（认为/认为做了某事）; _(考虑做某事) 20. _ _ 持续 _ + 一段时间 21. _ _ 避免 _ 避免/做22. _ _ 尊敬 _ a. 尊重人的，有礼貌的; _ a. 受人尊敬的23. _ _ 权利 _ 掌权的24. _ _ 专心，专注 _; 全神贯注地 _ v. 专注；_ 专注于.25. _ _ 凝视 _ 盯着看26. _ _ 粗鲁的 _ 对粗鲁. Phrases1. _ 毫不犹豫2. _ 眼神交流3. _ 缺少 4. _ 有机会做5. _ 抬头6. _ 告诉某人做某事7. _ 向某人求助 8. _ 决定做9. _ 似乎10. _ 对某人微笑11. _ 实际上12. _ 例如13. _ 抬头，往上看14. _ 在人类历史的进程中15. _ 在很多情况下16. _ 比重要的多. Sentence pattern1. It is the way you stand and sit.2. Whats up?. Grammar1. 复习时态一般：一般过去时，一般现在时，一般将来时进行：过去进行时，现在进行时，完成：过去完成时，现在完成时2. 一些动词常用一般现在时表示现在进行的动作（1） 感官动词：hear, see, smell, taste（2） 系动词： dislike, fear, hate, like, love, want（3） 表示思想的动词：believe, know, mean, realize, remember, think（4） 表示拥有的动词：belong, have, own, possess二重点词汇讲解1glance V瞥一眼；匆匆看一眼【常用搭配】 glance atShe glanced at the watch and hurried to the office她匆匆看了一下手表就匆忙地赶去办公室。 【拓展】n一瞥；扫视 【必背】 at a glance一眼就He saw at a glance that she had been crying他一眼就看出来她哭过了。2senior adj年长的；级别高的 【常用搭配】 be senior to比年长(级别或地位高)She is three years senior to me她比我大三岁。 【拓展】n较年长者；(中学)最高年级的学生3prefer V宁可；更喜欢 【常用搭配】 prefer A to B喜欢A胜过喜欢B prefer tea to coffee比起喝咖啡，我更喜欢喝茶。 prefer doing A to doing B比起做B来更喜欢做AI prefer playing basketball to watching TV比起看电视，我更喜欢打篮球。 prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿而不He prefers to rent a car rather than buy one他宁愿租一辆车也不愿意买一辆。4communicate V交流；沟通 【常用搭配】 communicate with与交流 communicate to传达；传递Anyone that knows anything about the crime is required to communicate with the police任何知情人都被要求和警方联系。The stove communicates heat to every corner in the room炉子将热量传递到房间里的每一个角落。【拓展】communication n. 传达；传递 Sometimes proper body language is an effective means of communication.有时候，适当的肢体语言是一种有效的交流方式。 communications n. 通讯 They are planning to establish wireless communications with us. 他们正计划与我们建立无线通讯。5. impression n. 印象give/make/leave a . impression on somebody 给某人留下的印象 The modern city left a good impression on the tourists. 这座现代化的城市给游客们留下了美好的印象。【拓展】impress v. 给极深的印象impress somebody with something 用给某人留下深刻的印象impress something on somebody 使意识到（重要性或严重性）impress on somebody something 使某人牢记 The girl impressed me with her kindness. 这个女孩的和善给我留下了深刻的印象。 The English teacher impressed on the students the importance of practising speaking English every day. 老师使学生们牢记每天操练英语口语的重要性。impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的；令人难忘的 The royal wedding was very impressive. 这次皇家婚礼给人们留下了深刻的印象。6.remind v. 提醒；使想起remind somebody of something 使想起 The children playing in the park reminded the old man of his happy childhood. 公园里嬉戏的孩子让老人们想起来自己欢乐的童年。【拓展】remind somebody to do something 提醒某人做某事remind somebody that 提醒某人 Please remind me to take medicine tomorrow morning. 明早请提醒我吃药。 The sight of the clock reminded me that I had been late for the meeting. 一看到钟，我就意识到开会迟到了。More reading：7. contact n. 接触，联系【常见搭配】 Keep in contact with 与。保持联系 make contact with与取得联系 lose contact with与失去联系 My father still kept in contact with some of his classmates from university。父亲和他大学里的一些同学仍然保持着联系。 She Succeeded in making contact with her unclen France after twenty years。二十年后，她成功地和在法国的舅舅取得了联系。 Because of the war，the old woman lost contact with her family由于战争，这位老妇人和她的家人失去了联系。 【拓展】 V接触；联系；联络 He promised to contact me later他答应以后会和我联系。 contact lenses隐形眼镜8maintain V保持；维持 The politician behaves very carefully to maintain his good reputation这位政客行为举止非常小心，就是为了维护自己的好名声。 【拓展】 V维修；保养 The highways are maintained very well这些高速公路维护保养得非常好。 maintenance n维持；维护；保养；生活费 The second-hand car is still in good maintenance这辆二手车依然保养得很好。9consider V认为；把看作 【常用搭配】 consider(asto be)认为是；把看作是 You are considered as my best friend我把你看作是我最好的朋友。 People consider Paris(to be)the heart of France人们把巴黎看作是法国的心脏。 【拓展】 V考虑 【必背】 consider doing something考虑做某事 She is considering going abroad for further study她正在考虑出国进修。 consideration n考虑 【必背】 takeinto consideration考虑到 To solve this problem，we must take all these factors into consideration为了解决这个问题，我们必须考虑到所有因素。 considerate adj替别人着想的；体贴的 considerable adj相当大的；相当多的101ack of缺少 The flowers died for lack of water由于缺水，这些花都枯死了。【拓展】lack v缺乏；不足；没有 【常用搭配】 lack in缺乏(某种品质、特点) She was lacking in courage她缺乏勇气。 n缺乏；不足；没有 It is said that a lack of sleep can lead to brainpower failure据说，缺乏睡眠可能导致脑力衰退。 11concentration n专心；专注 Martin listened to theteacher with concentration马丁聚精会神地听老师讲解。 【拓展】 concentrate v集中 【常用搭配】 concentrate onupon集中；全神贯注 She concentrated on preparing for the exam她集中精力复习迎考。三Grammar: Review of Tense英语中时态是指动词的一种形式区别，表示过去、现在或将来，或是指动词所指示的动作或状语。一般式进行式完成式现在does/is/are/amis/are/am doinghave done过去didwas/were doinghad done将来will dowill be doingwill have done过去将来would dowould be doingwould have done过去将来时一、过去将来时的构成：1、would/should+动词原形 2、 was/were going to+动词原形二、过去将来时的用法：1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 oclock. 他说他会在九点之前完成工作。27. 表示过去的某种习惯，只要would。例如：Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand. 每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出援助之手。巩固练习：1、He said that he (come)back tonight.2、I thought it （rain）soon.过去进行时一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(-ing) 二、过去进行时的用法：1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。例如：One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity .一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源巩固练习：1、Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes2、As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read；was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell现在完成时 一、现在完成时的构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词二、过去分词的构成： 过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的变化相同，在动词词尾加-ed； 写出下列动词的过去分词形式。1、bring 2、catch 3、do 4、find 5、eat 6、get 7、forget 8、cut 9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see 13、come 14、sleep 15、spend 16、tell 17. 现在完成时的用法1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有：for一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long. 例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。3、现在完成时需注意的问题：表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close,come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）He has been in the army for five years.(正确)注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等。have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别： have/has been to have/has gone to 试举例 ： 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间状语连用。 I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）巩固练习： 1、-Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 2、-Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 3、Do you know _? A. how long has he lived here B. how long he has lived here C. he has lived here how long D. he has lived how long here 过去完成时 一、过去完成时的构成：助动词had动词过去分词二、过去完成时的用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。例如：The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前，火车已经开走了。 He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态，常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：I had lived in America for two years before I came here .我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。28. 表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want, plan, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。 I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。巩固练习:1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had metB. have met C. metD. meet2. -Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will be 3、The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left4、My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found. 四 Consolidation exerciseI. Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in their proper forms.1. Lisa_(listen) to the songs by Beatles at 8 oclock last Sunday.2. He _ already_ (arrive)when I came.3. Last night we_(not go) back home until the teacher left school.4. Comrade Li Dazhao _ (put) in prison in 1927.5. We could not help_ (laugh) after we heard the story. 6. Would you please_ (bring) me an English-Chinese dictionary when, you come?7. He told me that he_ (visit) the Great Wall the year before.8. Ill tell him the news as soon as he_(come) back.9. There_(be) a physics test next Monday.10. Im sorry youve missed the last bus. It_(leave)ten minutes ago. Multiple choice.( )1. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt_ for London to attend a meeting.A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left ( )2. The manager had fallen asleep where he_, without undressing.A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied ( )3. When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He _her before.A. never saw B. had never seen C. never sees D. has never seen ( )4. The little girl_ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed shewasnt ever going to find it.A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lostC. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost( ) 5. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at aChristm