上海高考英语口试应试技巧.doc

上海高考英语口试应试技巧上海高考英语口试应试技巧 一第一部分快速应答 此部分主要为考察日常生活中最主要的语言功能，在历届上海高考口试中其考点一般可分为12项，这12项为： Greetings问候 Asking Introductions介绍 Saying Good-bye告别 Making Requests and Giving Instructions请求 Giving Thanks致谢 Asking for Permission允许 Showing Agreement or disagreement同意不同意 Giving Invitations发出邀请 Asking Direction问题 Expressing Good Wishes祝愿 Requesting and Offering Help请求与帮助 Making Apologies道歉 考生若要高分，则必须将这12个部分的相关表达，练习熟练，这样才能在实考中迎刃而解。例如：（在实考中，考生听见） 题目：Some of the lessons are rather dull. 考生反应：这是一个考showing agreement or disagreement型试题，因此马上在脑海中出现这一方面的准备回答用语（已记熟） 如：Thats sure / I agree with you. / Thats exactly. / What I was thinking. / I think so. （补一句）I dont like the lessons at all. Im tired of listening to these lessons. 结论：收集整理记忆日常生活中12类表达及相关内容是取胜该部分的关键。 二第二部分 提问题 道正认为这部分试题主要对给定的情景进行提问（用特殊疑问句）这部分应试关键在于划分给定句子成份，针对不同成份预先设计问题，实考中将中心词摸去即可。下面举一个用名词提问方式： 例：One more underground line has been built recently in Shanghai。 分析：本句结构可分解成如下几部分。 One more underground line（主语） 思路：名词应含组成件，每一条line必有stop，因此提问： How many stops does this new line have? 思路：并且每一条线都有终点与起点，因此提问： Where is the terminal of this new line? 思路：第一条地铁线都有方位/方向，因此提问： Can we go to Pudong by this new line. 其他思路：地点有无工作人员，司机若干，车票如何 总结，这一部分只要将句子任一组成部分深入展开，寻找细节，则解题方法极多。 三口头表达 此部分占整个口试考试30%，是口试中的重点与难点，该部分应试方法主要关键在于将上海高考口试中的对应部分试题归类，然后事先可收集该分类的相关表达，便可取得高分。 根据上海道正学校对上海卷研究，一般可将试卷分成五大考点： 1家乡问题 Describe one place of interest in your hometown. What do you think of the weather in your hometown? Do you like living in the city? Why? 2有关社会问题 What do you think we can do to protect our environment? What can we do to make our city more beautiful? What do you think if everyone in a big city owns a car? Whats your opinion of keeping a dog in a big city? Why or why not? Are you in favor of smoking? Why or why not? What do you think of the problem of generation gap? Are you in favor of running red light? Why or why not? Do you enjoy watching ads on TV? Why or why not? 3有关教育/学校/生活 How do you get along with your classmates? What kind of book do you like to read? Why? Which do you think is the best way to learn English? Do you think it necessary for students to take exams? Why or why not? What do you know about todays education? 4有关休闲与爱好 Do you like watching cartoons on TV? Tell the reasons. What kind of sports do you like best tell the reasons. Do you like watching football matches? Why or why not? What do you think is the best way to relax? 5有关人物的话题 Say something about a teacher you like. Why do you like him(or her)? Who is your best friend? Say something about him (or her). 另外，这一部分也非常像口头作文，考生可按作文模式整理思路及模型。 如题：Talk about some changes in Shanghai over the past 10 years. 思路：（上海变化）衍化出： 1 浦东开发The development of Pudong 2 南浦大桥Nanpu Bridge 3 地铁underground line 4 交通改善Traffic has improved 5 市容变化The city becomes more beautiful 6 上海博物馆/大剧院the Shanghai Grand Theatre / the Shanghai Museum 7 拆除旧房子pull down old houses 8 过江隧道 three tunnels 结论：此部分关键在于事先组织材料，实考时，对应回答即可 四看图说明 这个部分关键在于6个W (who, what, which, when, where, why)与1个H（how），因此考生回答时就可按上述几个问题形式，组织自己的材料，然后合理给出解。 如下题： 解 法： 第一步：（介绍人称） The man in the picture was John, and he was a computer scientist. 第二步：（时间） One day. (one Sunny day) 第三步：（行为） John was designing programs for his robot and want robot to play chess with him.（第一幅结束） 第四步：（行为） Now John and his robot were playing together. Very soon the robot won 3 games continually. The score was 0 to 3. John, of course, was very unpleased. So he changed the programs and make the robot less clever.（第二、三幅结束） 第五步：（行为） They played again and this time the robot was defeated. 第六步：（总结） This shows, I think, robot will never become more clever than men because they are designed, made and controlled by men. 总结：道正强烈推荐考生事先按上述模型整理程序，按部就班，一切就OK 推荐模式： 1 人物介绍 2 时间/场景引入 3 第一步动作 4 转换动作 5 最后动作 6. 结论评定（发表意见）虽然英语口试采取的是人机对话模式，但阅卷老师还是很容易从考生的口头表达中掂量出“听、说、读”的基本功。口试与笔试最大的区别在于，前者需要考生在答题时投入更多的即时情感，因此，从这一点来说，更需要考生冷静、机智地对许多问题做出瞬间的判断和处理，从而给“幕后考官”一个良好的印象分。高考英语口试共分5个部分，而要使每一部分答题都能获得比较理想的分数，既需要靠学生的日积月累、厚积薄发，也需要靠临场的发挥和摸透得分“窍门”。第一部分 朗读文章开考以后屏幕上出现了朗读文章，此时考生不要急于先读出声音来，而是应该充分利用所给的一分钟准备时间，大致地默读文章，理解文章的主旨，领悟其语意。在朗读的过程中要注意三点：一是声音不要过大或过小，尽量用最完美的语音和语调来读；二是掌握好节奏，不乱停顿，不读破句，语句连贯、自然、流畅；三是注意各类词形变化的发音，如名词复数、动词形式、过去分词的词尾变化等。第二部分 快速应答考生在这个环节的应试时，特别要注意听清每一个问题以及其中的关键词。如问你“今天是几号？”你就不能回答“今天是星期几”。在听到给出的问题时，应首先弄明白这个句型究竟是陈述句还是祈使句，是一般疑问句还是特殊疑问句，然后作有针对性的回答。考生在应答时不要过分紧张，并要注意语境中的时态运用，学会机智答题。有些应答可不必作过于详细和完整的陈述，这样既可节省时间，也可避免“言多必失”，如问你“Can you tell me how to get to the zoo?”，你在想不出更好答案的情况下，回答“Sorry ,I am a stranger here”也不失为“妙计”。第三部分 情景设计既然是要求根据“情景”自己设计问题，那么考生就得先弄清楚“情景”中必不可少的规定要素，如时间、地点、人物、事件、原因等。按历年的考试要求，考生所提出的两个问题，一个应是一般疑问句，另一个是特殊疑问句。如果考生两个问题都用的是一般疑问句或都是特殊疑问句，那就只能给一半的分数。而且，如果考生所提的两个问题的答案是一致的，“How much is the coat?”和“What is the price of the coat?”即为同一个答案的两个问题，这样也同样只能给一半的分数。第四部分 口头作文因为是小作文，所以就要求在说的时候要有开头、结尾和事情的发展过程。按要求，考生至少要说六句话。因此，考生一定要利用屏幕上所提供的材料，在准备的时间内把表述的语言和内容很好地结合起来，不要出现只说了两三句话就无法继续下去的状况。如话题“What do you think of the development of transportation in Shanghai?”，在叙述时，考生既要表明观点，更要阐述事实，还要加以总结，同时在表达的过程中要注意语句间的逻辑性，如果能灵活地将所学过的经典句式应用其中，这就会出彩许多。第五部分 看图说话对一个高中毕业生来说，对一组图片的内容用120到150字左右的篇幅进行描述，并不能算是很高的要求，因此考生应当至少说上七句话。答好这道题应注意的细节，一是要在规定的时间内看清图片，二是在叙述中一定要依据图片本身的内容来描述，三是要注意故事发生和发展的连贯性，四是要注意时态的统一。另外，图片上已写有开头的第一句话，考生切莫忘记应以此句话作开头。有些考生会对前几幅图作详尽描述，以致没时间完成后面图片的叙述，或者卡在了某一幅图上某一个事物的单词上而绞尽脑汁，这往往会顾此失彼，得不偿失。1。去年我爸爸许诺：如果我在考试中取得好成绩，她就带我去度假。Last year Father promised to take me on a holiday if I did well in the exam .2. 大家都认为杰克是个非常聪明的孩子，因为他考试总是很好。Jack is considered very smart, for he has always done very well in the exams.3。我们上周谈的那笔生意怎么样？How about the business that we talked about last week ?4。 他一向遵守诺言，是个值得信赖的人。Heis a man worthy of trust ,for he always keeps his word. 5。 尽管生病，她还是来参加毕业典礼了。In spite of / Despite her illness, she still came to the graduation ceremony.6. 他很想知道自己考试及格了没有。He is dying to know whether he has passed the exam.7.我迫不及待地想读他那本新小说。I cannot wait to read his new novel. 8. 第一次穿上滑雪板的感觉很不舒服。Wearing skis for the first time makes you feel very strange. 9.进剑桥大学学习一直是他多年的梦想。Studying at Cambridge University has been his dream for many years. 10. 说实话，第一堂课并不成功。To be honest , the first lesson was not a great success. 11. 这位意志坚强的母亲通过耐心的努力终于帮助她的聋哑儿子学会开口说话。The strong-willed mother managed to help her deaf son tho speak after much patience. 12。当聚会结束，客人全部离开后，他又感到了孤独。When the party was all over and the guests had left ,he felt lonely again. 13. 希望全班同学都参加志愿者工作。Everyone in the class is expected to participate in volunteer work.14. 在全能比赛中，运动员必须参加各类项目的一系列比赛。In combined events, athletes are required to compete in a series of comprtitions from each category. 15. 已定于下周末举行一系列的辩论。A series of debates was scheduled for the next weekend. 16. 假如你在城里住上几周，你对这儿的生活情况会更加清楚。If you stay in town for a few weeks, you will have a much clearer picture of life here.17。 人类追求卓越的渴望-跑得更快、跳得更高、推得更远-正是奥运会的精神所在。The desire of humanity - to run faster, to soar higher and to push farther-is what the Olympics all about .18。他的梦想是事业成功。His dream is to succeed in his career. 20。自从我在哪里学习以来，我的英语水平大大提高了。My command of English has improved greatly since I started. 21。 他良好的英语运用能力使他获得那个工作。His good command of English enables him to get the job.22。 我认为培训中心给了我使用英语的强大信心。I think the tutorial centre has given me a lot of confidence in using English.23。 不幸的是，那次事件后，他对自己失去了信心。Unluckily, he lost confidence after the event. 24。 我们信任坐在我们面前的这位老师。We believe in the teacher in front of us.25。 在我看来，与其把钱浪费在一个以盈利为目的的培训中心还不如多花点时间在学校的功课上。In my opinion, its better to spend more time on school work than to waste money at a money-making tutorial center.26。 依我看，在公园散步比在家看电视要好。In my opinion, its better to walk in the park than to stay at home.27。 后来我向所有的朋友征求意见，经他们推荐，我报名参加了另外一个中心的课程。Then I asked all my friends for their advice. As a result of their recommendations, I enrolled on a course at another center.28。 由于大雾，她未能准时出席如此重要的会议。She falied to attend such an important meeting as the result of the heavy fog. 29。 最重要的是你愿不愿意学，能不能吃苦。The most important thing is whether you are willing to learn and work hard. 30。无论我什么时候面临困难，她总是乐意帮助。 He is willing to help me no matter when I am in trouble. 31。我们中很多人都没有时间运动。Most of us have no time for sports. 32。 你可以依照自己的进度，在你方便的时间和地点学习。You can study at your own pace, at a time and place convenient for you. 33。 我乐意在你任何方便的日子与你聊聊。I am willing to chat with you at any time convenient for you.45。 她把一生都花在帮助穷人身上，被授予诺贝尔奖。She spent all her life in helping the poor and was awarded the Nobel Prize. 46。你认为在衣服上花的钱越多，质量就越好吗？Do you think that the more you spend, the better the quality will be . 47。许多人认为减轻压力的最好方法是体育锻炼。Many people think the best way to reduce pressure is to take exercise. 48。 真的很感激你能采纳我的建议。I really appreciate your adopting my suggestion. 49。 很有可能她会放弃这个计划。Its likely that she will give up the plan.50。 不要做违法的事情，否则你要受惩罚的。Dont do illegal things, or you will be punished. 51。 每次看到这张照片，就让我想起我们一起度过的日子。Every time I see the photo, it will remind me of the time that we spent together.52。 你没有通过考试，这让我们很惊讶。You didnt pass the exam, which surprised us greatly. 53。 不要忘了我们一起读大学的日子。Dont forget the time when we studied in the university.54。 并非所有的广告都可以用来促进产品的销售。Not all the advertisements can be used to promote the sale of the products. 55。 严格地说，她不胜任这份工作。Strictly speaking, she is not qualified for the job.56。 尽管考试很难，她还是设法通过了。Although the exam was difficult, she managed to pass it.57。 你不应该单独滑雪以免跌倒受伤。You should not ski alone in case you may fall and get injured. 58。她已经决定做兼职以便赚足够的钱出国进修。She has decided to work part-time to earn enough money to study abroad. 59.我认为应该将所学的东西和实践结合起来。I think we should combine what we have learned with practice.60。 要求所有的学生独立完成作业。All the students are required to finish their homework by themselves.61。她为演讲比赛做好了充分的准备，她自信她能成功。She has prepared well for the competition and she has confidence that she will succeed.62。 这是我第三次看电影了，这部电影值得一看。This is the third time that I have seen the film and it is worth seeing. 63。环境对孩子的成长有很大的影响。Environment has great effect on childrens growth.64。 许多出租车司机向政府抱怨油价太高。Many taxi drivers complained to the government about the high price of the oil. 65。 许多疾病与吸烟紧密相连。Many diseases are linked to smoking. 66。 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。The organization aims to promote the friendship between countries.同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）一、 概念 1. 同位语：紧跟在名词或代词之后，用于说明该名词或代词是何人、何物的词语叫做同位语。We Chinese love our country. 我们中国人热爱我们的祖国。主语 同位语I, the youngest son in the family, am often taken good care of. 作为年纪最小的儿子的我经常受到最好的照顾。This word, dyeing, is often misspelled. Dyeing这个单词经常被拼错。【活学活用】 我们学生应该努力学习。_ 这是我的名字，Tony。_ 2. 同位语从句：在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我们做出决定：我们必须立即行动。 I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job. 他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。二. 同位语从句的功能及引导词1. 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，置于某些抽象名词之后。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。常见的名词有：fact（事实），idea（想法），news（新闻），belief（信念），message（信息），proposal（建议），proposition（建议），evidence（证据），proof（证据），possibility（可能性），suggestion（建议）等。The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。 The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.命令士兵纹丝不动站在原地是将军发出的。2. 引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether，连接副词how, when, where等。（注：if和which不能引导同位语从句。）例如： 如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，但不可省略） The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。【活学活用】翻译 你在哪儿听说我不能来？_ 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。_ 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，用whether引导同位语从句。（注：if不能引导同位语从句）Li asked me the question whether the novel was worth reading. 李问我这小说是否值得读。【活学活用】翻译 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。_ 我不知道他是否回来。_ 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 他是怎么回家的，我没有什么印象，也许是骑自行车回家的。We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。【活学活用】翻译 我不知道他何时会离开。_ 他们如何克服困难的，我没有印象。_ 她提出这个问题：我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。_三、注意事项 1. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别（1）从意义上看：同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中心词的名词短语所表达的内容可以划上一个等号。例如： He heard the news that his team had won. (the news= his team had won) He came to the decision that he must act at once. (the decision =he must act at once)或者说，同位语从句可以变为中心词的表语从句，而定语从句则不能： He came to the decision that he must act at once. The decision was that he must act at once. 中心词 表语从句 The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.The news was that we are having a holiday tomorrow. 中心词 表语从句对比：The news that appeared in the papers this morning was well received. (此句为定语从句，the news that appeared in the papers this morning，也不能变成中心词的表语从句：The news was that appeared in the papers this morning。（）)（2）从that从句的语法功能上看：定语从句中的that是属于关系代词既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分，但也不能省略。试比较：The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）（3）从充当中心词的名词特点上看：充当定语从句的中心词的名词是无限的，而充当同位语从句的的中心词只是有限的一些表示概括意义的抽象名词如：fact（事实），idea（想法），news（新闻），belief（信念），message（信息），proposal(建议),proposition(建议)，evidence（证据），proof（证据），possibility（可能性），suggestion（建议）等。 试比较： He put forward the suggestion that the third question should be discussed first. 他提出这么个建议：第三个问题应先予讨论。（同位语从句） The suggestion that he had put forward was turned down. 他提出的这个建议被否决了。（定语从句）【活学活用】请填上恰当的关系代词或连词并辨别属于是定语从句还是同位语从句。 The news _ l have passed the exam is true The news _ he told me just now is true The idea _ computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. The idea _ he gave surprises many people 2. 隔裂同位语从句 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，尤其是当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。例如：Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them 几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。（that引导的从句太长，放在句末。谓语动词came提前word和同位语从句隔开。）The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。【活学活用】 几年以后，消息传来说他已经出国了。_ 他突然想起可能是自己在回家的路上把钱包弄丢的。 _3. who和when, where, why, how等既能引导定语从句（作关系代词或副词）又能引导同位语从句（作连接代词或副词）。试比较： The news when the minister will come to the meeting is not announced yet. 部长何时来开会这个消息尚未宣布。（同位语从句） Do you still remember the day when you joined the League? 你还记得你入团是在哪一天吗？（定语从句）4. 一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”表示。should可省。如：This is our suggestion that this (should) work hard as soon as possible.这就是我们的建议：尽快努力学习。【活学活用】翻译 这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。_ 这是我的建议：为了学好英语我们应该多做练习。 _【巩固练习】. 用适当的连接词填空。1. I have no idea _ he will be back.2. I have no impression _ he got there, perhaps by bike.3. Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward.4. I insisted upon an answer to my question _ he was coming or not.5. Word came _I was wanted at the office.6. They were all very much worried over the fact _ you were sick.7. We are not looking into the question _ he is worth trusting. 8. I made a promise _ if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.9. I have no idea _has happened to him.10. Ive come from Mr. Wang with a message _he wont be able to see you this afternoon.选择题。1. The fact _ she works hard is well-known to us all.A. that B. what C. why D. which2. He asks me a question _ he should go to Guangzhou