听觉导向词文本.doc

IBT-SAT小马过河专业备考社区听觉导向历史学段落练习（一）表的发展史39. (A) Reasons for increased productivity.(B) How wristwatches are manufactured.(C) The industrialization of the United States.(D) The development of individual timepieces.40.(A)They were common in the United States, but not in Europe.(B) Only a few people had them.(C) People considered them essential.(D) They were not very accurate.41. (A) They were a sign of wealth.(B) It was important to be on time.(C) It was fashionable to wear them.(D) They were inexpensive.42. (A) Watches were of higher quality than ever before.(B)More clocks were manufactured than watches.(C) The availability of watches increased.(D) Watches became less important because factories had clocks.Talk by a history professor.Im sure every one of you looked at your or at a before you came to class today. Watches and clocks seem as much part of our life as breathing or eating. And yet were in the United States until the . In the late 1700s, people didnt know the exact time unless they were near a clock. Those delightful clocks in the squares of European townswerebuilt forthepublic. , citizens simply . Well into the in Europe and United States, the main purpose of a watch, which by the way was off and on a gold chain, was to show others how you were.The word wrist watch didnt even enter the English language until nearly 1900. the of the_ in the United States meant that measuring time had become essential. How could the factory worker get to work unless he or she knew what time it was? Since the efficiency was now measured by how fast the job was done, everyone was interested in time. And since made possible the manufacture of large quantities of goods, watches became Furthermore electric lights keptfactories going around the clock. Being “on time” had entered the language and life ofevery citizen.39. What does the professor mainly discuss?40. What was true of watches before the 1850s?41. According to the speaker, why did some people wear watches in the 1800s?42. What effect did industrialization have on watch-making?2小马过河X专业备考社区小马过河新托福备考社区（二）现代舞的起源47. (A) The origins and characteristics of modern dance.(B) The influence of modern dance on ballet.(C) Pioneer modern dancers.(D)The training of modern dance choreographers.48. (A) They were created in Europe.(B) They were conventional.(C) The theaters were crowded.(D) The tickets were overpriced.49. (A) Lightness of movement.(B) Elaborate scenery.(C) Free expression.(D) Rigid choreography.50. (A) They performed mainly in Europe.(B) They imitated the techniques of ballet.(C) They performed to classical music.(D) They werent formally trained.Lecture in a dance history class.So why did what is now called begin in the United States? To begin to answer this question, Ill need to back track a little bit and talk about classical ballet. By the late , ballet had lost a lot of its popularity. the ballet dancers who performed in the United States were brought over from Europe. They performed using the techniques thatd been through the centuries. Audiences and dancers in the United States were eager for their own and so around dancers created one. how was this moderndance so different from classical ballet? , it wasnt carefully choreographed. Instead the dance depended on the and_ of the dancers.Music and scenery were of little importance to the moderndance. And lightness of movement wasnt important either. modern dancers made no attempt at all to conceal the effort involved in the dance step. if improvisation appeals to audiences, many dance critics were_aboutthe performances. They questioned the artistic integrity of dancers who were not _ and the artistic value of works that had no . Loi Fore, after performing fire dance was described as doing little more than turning around and around like an eggbeater. Yet the free personal expression of the pioneer dancers is the basis of the controlled freedom of modern dance today.47. What does the speaker mainly discuss?48. Why were ballet performances unpopular in the United States in the early 1900s?49. What is the distinguishing feature of the modern dance performances?50.Why were early modern dancers criticized by dance critics?3小马过河新托福备考社区(三)玉米的发展史47. (A) Different uses of corn.(B) The history of the development of corn.(C) The popularity of corn.(D) Increasing the production of corn.48. (A) Europe.(B) The Caribbean islands.(C) Canada.(D) Mexico.49. (A) They failed to improve their strains of corn.(B) They knew very little about cultivating corn.(C) Their economies were based on corn.(D) They used corn husks in building their dwellings.50. (A) Its seeds cannot sprout on their own.(B) It must be irrigated.(C) It has to be protected from insects.(D) Its stalk is not strong enough to support its weight.Lecture from the American civilization course.In the late 1400s, when Christopher Columbus returned to Spain from the western hemisphere, he brought with him a sample of what the native Americans called maze, or,as we call it , . The corn that Columbus introducedto Europe was the distant descendant of a grass native to Mexico. The peoples of theAmericas probably started to domesticate this grass as early as 5000 BC.After about a thousand years, they had developed a highly productive strands of cornwhichlaterbecamethebasisforthegreatpre-Columbian civilizations. , the cities of the Incas and the temples of the Mayas were . Domesticated corn and the people who cultivated it developed together. Without humans to care for it, domesticated corn could not survive. The kernels are crowded together beneath the strong protected husk and silk. And the young corn shoot is not strong enough to_ the husk . If did not stripaway the husk and plant individual kernels, the corn would .47. What is the main topic of talk?48. Where was corn probably first cultivated?49. What does the speaker imply about the Mayan and Incan civilizations?50. Why would corn die out without human intervention?4小马过河新托福备考社区(四)摩天大楼的发展史40. (A)The development of the modern skyscraper.(B) The skyscrapers effect on urban areas.(C) Problems with future skyscraper construction.(D) Safety regulations for skyscraper design.41. (A) It created design problems for architects.(B) It was needed for transporting construction materials.(C) It enabled architects to design taller office buildings.(D) It made skyscrapers more expensive to build.42. (A) Projected changes in the building code.(B) Design features of modern skyscrapers.(C) Strategies for reducing traffic congestion.(D) Methods of estimating construction costs.A lecture in a architectural design course.In 1871 the first were used in office buildings and allowed architects to build people could comfortably walk._ was in building technique. In 1885 the steel skeleton was introduced and allowed for the construction of buildings that could withstand high winds. We take for granted some of the other inventions that enabled people to live and workin . For example, few people realized that the telephone was necessary for vertical communication and that flush toilet and vacuum incinerator made waste disposal possible. Now as we entered the age of super skyscraper, some with more than200 floors, we see the need for . In the area of heating and cooling systems for example. For all their benefits, these super tall buildings do cause problems though. For one thing they place enormous strain on parking and traffic row in urban areas. lets leave behind these technical concerns and to consider some of the that have come to characterize the age of the skyscraper.Q40. What does the professor mainly discuss?Q41. What does the professor say about the invention of the elevator? Q42. What will the professor probably discuss next?5小马过河新托福备考社区(五)铁路发展史38. (A) The safety record of the railroad industry.(B) The reasons railroad regulations were changed.(C) The financing of railroad construction.(D) The evolution of the railroad industry.39. (A) The use of oversized freight containers.(B) Safety problems with railroad tracks.(C) The growth of the automotive industry.(D) The high cost of meeting environmental regulations.40. (A) It contributes less to air pollution than other kinds of transportation.(B) Its competitors are inconsiderate of customers.(C) It preserves a traditional way of doing business.(D) It creates personal fortunes for investors.41. (A) The hiring of extra traffic patrollers.(B) The creation of government agencies.(C) The construction of new tunnels.(D) The repair of public roads.A lecture about the railroad industry.At the beginning of the century the were used to haul everything. Powerful railroad barons made fortunes without having to be accountable to the publicor considerable to the customers. changed all of that. Andby 1970, the rail industry was beset with problems. Trucks were taking the new business. And even so the rail industry remained indifferent to customers. Also many regulations kept the rail industry from adjusting to shifting market. _, the rail industry entered the modern era when a deregulation bill was passed that allowed railroad companies to make quick adjustments to fees and practices. Companies reduced their lines by 1/3 and used fewer employees. They also took steps to minimize damage to product. And to increase their shipping capacity by stacking freight containers on railroad cars. To accommodate these taller loads, underpasses and tunnels were enlarged. The image of the rail industry has ._ companies are very responsive to customers and are gaining increasing market shares in the shipping industry. The railroad safety record is also strong. Freight trains have an accident rate that is only 1/3 that of the trucking industry. Trains also come out ahead ofthe trucks on grounds because they only 1/10 to 1/3 the_that is emitted by trucks. And railroading does not wear out as trucks do.Q38. What does the speaker mainly discuss?Q39. What development caused a decline in the use of railroads?Q40. What is one reason why the railroad industry is gaining public support?Q41. According to the speaker, what expense does trucking create for the public?6小马过河新托福备考社区(六)黄石公园的历史47. (A) A visitor to the park.(B) A presidential campaign worker.(C) A park service employee.(D) A tour guide from a travel agency.48. (A) Several explorers.(B) Representatives of Congress.(C) President Grant.(D) A group of animal lovers.49. (A) It was the first national park.(B) It was the first region explored by pioneers.(C) It is not accessible to everyone.(D) It is not managed by the National ParkService. 50. (A) To build fires.(B) To conduct scientific studies.(C) To train other staff members.(D) To guide nature walks.A talk in a national park. to Yellow Stone National Park. Before we begin our today, Idlike to give you a short of our national park . The national park service began in the late . A small group of had just completed a month long exploration of the region that is now Yellow Stone. They gathered around the campfire and after hours of discussion, they decided that they should not claim this land for themselves. They felt it should be accessible to everyoneso they began a to preserve this land for everyones enjoyment. Two years later, in the late , an act of congress signed by President Ulysses S. Grant, proclaimed the Yellow Stone region a public park. in the world. After Yellow Stone became a public park, many other areas of great scenicimportance were set aside. And in the national park service was established to manage these parks. As a park , I am an employee of the national . In the national park, park rangers are on duty ,and visitors in any difficulty. Nature walks, _ and campfire talks are offered by specially trained staff members.The park service also protects the animals and plants within the parks.Q47. Who is the speaker?Q48. According to the speaker, who originated the idea of the public park? Q49. What does the speaker say about Yellow Stone national park?Q50. According to the speaker, what is one of the duties of a park ranger?小马过河新托福备考社区(七)纸的历史38. (A) The growth of the publishing industry.(B) The history of papermaking.(C) The uses of paper in the nineteenth century.(D) The composition of wood fiber.39. (A) Publishers wanted higher quality paper.(B) Paper made from rags deteriorated too quickly.(C) Wood pulp had become too expensive.(D) The supply of rags was insufficient.40. (A) It turned out high-quality paper.(B) It used wood imported from the United States.(C) It caused a serious deforestation problem.(D) There was a ready market for its product.41. (A) It is difficult to obtain.(B) Paper cannot be made without it.(C) It causes paper to deteriorate.(D) It prevents wood from being turned into pulp.42. (A) Many of their books are in poor condition.(B) They have too many books from the early 1800s.(C) They dont have enough space to store government documents.(D) They have to import most of the paper they use.Talk given in a library science class.In the early 1800s, the industry was still using rags as its basic source of fiberasithadformanycenturies. theragsupply couldnt . The United States alone was using 250 thousand tons of rags each year. And a quarter of that had to be imported. It was clear that a new source of fiber was needed to keep up with the demand for paper. The answerto this problem turned out to be paper made from , something that wasabundantly available in north America. In Canada, the first wood pulp mill was set up in and it was . But while wood pulp solved the problem of quantity it created a problem of quality. Wood contains a substance called lignin._ to make large quantities of cheap paper involves leaving the ligninin the wood pulp. lignin is and its presence in paper has the life expectancy of paper from several centuries for rag paper to _ a century for paper made from wood pulp. This means that books printed less than a hundred years ago are already turning and beginningto , even though books printed much earlier maybe in fine condition.This is for the older books on your bookshelf but it poses a_for libraries and the collections of government documents.38. What does the speaker mainly discuss?39. Why did the paper industry need a new source of fiber in the early 1800s?40. What can inferred about the first wood pulp mill in Canada?41. According to the speaker, what is the problem with lignin?42. According to the speaker, what problem do libraries face?小马过河新托福备考社区(八)周末的演变史43. (A) Attitudes toward employment.(B) Attitudes toward leisure activities.(C) Shifting job opportunities.(D) The evolution of the weekend.44. (A) Which days people should work.(B) How the week is divided into days.(C) Which day begins the week.(D) How many weeks there are in a month.45. (A) The weekend has decreased in length.(B) The number of national holidays has increased.(C) People work fewer days per week.(D) People work more hours each day.46. (A) It was six days long.(B) It didnt include Saturday afternoon.(C) It always included at least one holiday.(D) It didnt allow the workers time off.47. (A) It would make the workday longer.(B) It would allow people to work on the weekend.(C) It would make leisure activities expensive.(D) It would create much more free time.Radio announcer talking about a current topicA recent report has shown that here in the United States, weve experienced an evolution and the . some calendars still mark the of a week as Sunday,_and of us are coming to regard Monday as the first day of the week withSaturday and Sunday comprising the two-day period thought as the week-end._the word “weekend” didnt even exist in English until about the . InEngland at that time, had _been added to Sundays and holidays as a time for workers to have off from their jobs. This innovation became common in the United States in the 1920s, but as the workweek during the of the 1930s, the weekend to twofull days-Saturday and Sunday. Some people thought that this trend would continue increasing and the workweek might But so far this hasnt happened. The workweek seems to have stabilized as forty hours made up of five eight-hour days. After this commercial Ill be back to talk about the