（全国通用版）2019版高考英语大一轮复习 Unit 4 Body language讲义 新人教版必修4.doc

unit 4body language重点单词1represent vt.代表；象征2dormitory n宿舍3canteen n食堂 4flight n飞行；航班5approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近n接近；方法；途径 6dash vi.猛冲；突进7adult n成年人；成人adj.成人的；成熟的 8spain n西班牙9italy n意大利 10likely adj.可能的11crossroads n十字路口 12facial adj.面部的13function n作用；功能；职能vi.起作用；运转 14ease n安逸；舒适vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)15false adj.错误的；假的 16fist n拳头17yawn vi.打呵欠 18hug vi.& vt.拥抱19rank n等级；军衔 20statement n陈述；说明state vt.陈述；声明21greet vi.& vt.迎接；问候greeting n迎接；问候；招呼22association n社团；联系；联想associate vt.把联系起来23curious adj.好奇的curiously adv.好奇地curiosity n好奇心24defend vt.保护；保卫defence n防御；保卫 25.major adj.主要的majority n大多数 26misunderstand vt.误解；误会misunderstanding n误解；误会27spoken adj.口语的unspoken adj.未说出口的；非口语的28truly adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地true adj.真实的truth n真理29anger n怒气；怒火angry adj.生气的30subjective adj.主观的objective adj.客观的重点短语1defend_against 防御；保卫以免受2be_likely_to 很可能；有希望3in_general 总的来说；通常 4at_ease 舒适；快活；自由自在5lose_face 丢脸 6turn_ones_back_to 背对；背弃7on_the_contrary 相反地重点句型1nor 引起的部分倒装not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.(教材p26)2be likely to do sth可能做某事however, people from places like spain, italy or south american countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.(教材p26)3it 作形式主语，代指不定式的用法 with so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language.(教材p30)语法要点动词的ing形式作状语i stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.(教材p26)1representvt.代表；象征；描绘；陈述；体现；表现yesterday, another student and i, representing our universitys student association, went to the capital international airport to meet this years international students.(教材p26)昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们大学的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。(1)represent(2)on behalf of 代表(3)representing (represent) our school, im glad to tell you something about these activities.我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你们有关这些活动的一些事情。you should represent your complaints about the new discipline to the management.你们应向管理部门说明你们对新规章制度的不满。is a questionnaire answered by 500 people truly representative (represent) of the population as a whole?由500人参加的问卷调查能真正代表所有民众吗？2approachvt.& vi.接近；靠近；处理，对付n接近；靠近；方法；途径；路径；通道tony approached julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! (教材p26)托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了她的肩，并亲了她的脸颊！(1)approach sb for/about sth就某事与某人商量/交涉(2)【比较网站】approach除了意为“方法”之外，还有“接近”的意思。an approach to(介词)“的方法”。例：i appreciate the professorss new approach to teaching languages.我欣赏这位教授教语言的新方法。way构成in the way “用这种方法”；the way to do/the way of (doing) sth(to为不定式符号)“做某事的方法”。例：can you tell me the way to work out the maths problem? 你能告诉我做那道数学题的方法吗？method构成with a method “用一种方法”； the method of (doing) sth“做某事的方法”。例：we should improve our teaching method, with which we can make ourselves understood better. 我们应该改善我们的教学方法，用这些方法，可以使学生更好地理解我们所教的内容。means意为“方式，方法”。单复数同形，构成by means of “通过方法”； the means of (doing) sth“做某事的方法”。例：he succeeded by means of perseverance.凭着坚韧不拔的毅力，他成功了。the students approach their monitor for advice about ordering the meal.学生们找到班长就点餐征求意见。all the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops.通往宫殿的所有道路都有军队把守。as teachers day was_approaching (approach), our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.随着教师节的临近，我们班决定今年举行一场晚会，以另一种方式庆祝这个重要的节日。【提示】 表示“来临”的表达有：be approaching, be drawing near, be around the corner。3defencenu保卫；防卫she stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.(教材p26)她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。(1)(2)(3)defender n后卫；防御者；拥护者；辩护者【比较网站】defend保卫；防御；辩护。使用范围广泛，对象可以是具体的，也可以是抽象的。guard守卫，保卫。指注意观察、戒备，以免受可能的攻击或伤害。例：the pla navy guards the coastline of our motherland. 中国人民解放军海军守卫着我们祖国的海岸线。protect保护。利用各种手段，使用某些器具，尽力照顾或保护某人/某物使其免受危险或伤害等，常与against或from连用。例：dark glasses are sometimes worn to protect the eyes from strong sunlight. 有时人们戴墨镜是为了保护眼睛使其免受强光的伤害。it is said that the murderer has employed a famous lawyer to_defend (defend) him.据说那个杀人犯聘请了一位著名的律师为他辩护。all the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in defence (defend) of their own homes.所有的人，无论男女老少，都在与洪水作斗争，保卫自己的家园。1in generalgenerally (speaking)总的来说；通常in general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads！(教材p26)但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能够帮助我们避免交往中的障碍！as a general rule 一般而言；通常on the whole 总的来说as a whole 就整体上来看in a word 总之，简言之in short 简言之generally (general) speaking, parents care more about their childrens health than about their own.一般说来，父母关心孩子的健康胜过关心自己的健康。on the whole, i am quite satisfied with the result.总的说来，我对这个结果很满意。is this true just in this country, or in the world as a whole? 只是在这个国家如此呢，还是就整个世界来看都是这样？2at ease舒服；快活；自由自在the most universal facial expression is, of course, the smileits function is to show happiness and put people at ease.(教材p30 )微笑当属最普遍使用的面部表情，它的作用是表达快乐和安人心境。(1)(2)ease the pain减轻痛苦a smile is intended to make people at ease.微笑旨在使人们轻松自在。we live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 在我们生活的这个时代，有更多的信息可以比以往任何时候都更容易获取。dont overwork yourself and take your (you) ease.不要过度劳累，休息一会儿。3lose face(lose ones face)丢脸；丢面子there are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it.(教材p30)还有不愉快的微笑，如当某人“丢了面子”就会用微笑来掩饰。【提示】 face这里是抽象概念，意为“面子”，不用复数形式。lose courage 丧失勇气lose heart 泄气；灰心lose no time 刻不容缓lose ones heart to 爱上；钟情于lose ones life 丧生lose ones way 迷路lose sight of 看不见；忽略lose weight 减肥when tom failed to beat his opponent, he felt he had_lost (lose) face with his friends. 汤姆没能打败对手，这让他感到在朋友面前很丢脸。rather than admit failure, frank made a face in order to save his face.弗兰克为了保全面子，没有承认失败，而是做了个鬼脸。1动词不定式作后置定语the first person to arrive was tony garcia from colombia, closely followed by julia smith from britain.(教材p26)第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅史密斯。【句式点拨】当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有next, only, last等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief等。addams became the first american woman to_win (win) the nobel peace prize in 1931在1931年，亚当斯成为第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。he is always the first to_bear (bear) hardships and the last to_enjoy (enjoy) comforts.他是一个总是吃苦在前，享乐在后的人。2be likely to do sth可能做某事however, people from places like spain, italy or south american countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.(教材p26)但是，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。【句式点拨】sb/sth be likely to do sthit is likely that意为“某人/某物可能”。该句中likely为形容词。该句式的同义句型：its possible (for sb) to/thatthere is a possibility that该句式的否定句型：sb/sth is unlikely toit is unlikely that不太可能 没有的可能you are likely to_suffer (suffer) from bad health if you keep smoking.it is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。it is possible for us to get from beijing to tianjin in less than an hour.我们可能不到一个小时就能从北京到天津。it is possible that the first people crossed into australia from asia on a great land bridge.第一批从亚洲进入澳大利亚的人可能是从一座巨大的陆地桥上过去的。there is a possibility that the robot might uncover valuable artifacts untouched for thousands of years.机器人有可能发掘出数千年来原封未动的贵重史前古器物。its unlikely to rain today.there is no chance that it will rain today.there is no chance of rain today. 今天不可能下雨。.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1it really makes me excited, because in the past 10 years, my exhibitions have_been_greeted (greet) with praise.2as a representative (represent) of resettled people, i support the construction of the project.3the judge decided that she had to impose a sentence of at least 5 years because they were found in association with drug consuming activities. 4all the new and creative things drive all the children into a world of curiosity (curious), and they raise one question after another. 5such an occasional burstout comment set off the anger of his boss, which made the clerk further misunderstood (misunderstand). 6would you believe that people who live with each other for 25 years actually develop similar facial (face) features? 7ranking (rank) the shoes in the shop window, the assistant didnt even look up at me when i talked to her.8though these facilities have been used for so many years, they have_been_functioning (function) well, never affecting the production. 9the job market has changed and our approaches to finding (find) work must change as well.10there is a robot capable of understanding spoken (speak) commands, though being charged high at the moment.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1with summer ， all kinds of beautiful tshirts and skirts are displayed in many shops, which attract most of the young people. 2a moment later, the man came out of the washroom and approached to our table.3those who are of great determination are more to make great achievements. 4wang yaping has become the second chinese woman astronaut work in space.5dont worry about meeting my parents; im sure they will put you ease by being friendly and informal. 6in lots of situations, when i confronted difficulties, and thought that would not be overcome, i dropped out and gave up easily. 7he is a reliable and respectable man. never has he turned his back on his friends, whether he is or badly off. 8the museum built beside the park now is said to have been designed by a group of young men. 9some people argue that no matter how confident a woman is, she will lose face if her boyfriend or husband have a house. 10in some countries, for example, france and russia, a visiting friend is greeted with a kiss on the .课文语法填空studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads.yesterday, another student and i, 1representing (represent) our universitys student association, went to the capital international airport 2to_meet (meet) this years international students. it is this experience that told me a lot more about the cultural “body language”the first person who arrived was tony garcia from colombia，3.closely (close) followed by julia smith from britain. when they were introduced 4to each other, tony approached julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her 5on the cheek. julia stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. then akira nagata from japan came in 6smiling (smile), together with george cook from canada. as they were introduced, george reached his hand out to akira nagata while akira nagata bowed so his nose touched georges 7moving (move) hand, and they both apologized. cultural mistakes!these are examples of cultural “body language”. not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they 8comfortable (comfort) touching strangers or being too close or too far away. in the same way that people communicate with 9spoken (speak) language, they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through 10keeping (keep) physical distance, actions or postures.阅读理解agiving mary poppinss magic umbrella some serious competition is the all hightech “oombrella”not only can it predict the weather, its also impossible to lose. the smart umbrella syncs(同步进行) with a smartphone app, sending users updates about weather conditions 30 minutes in advance, and reminders if they happen to leave the device behind. and heres the added bonusit wont ever flip insideout.designed by french company wezzoo, the rainbowcolored umbrella comes in two versionsclassic and modern. the classic is31ft long with a curved handle, while the modern version is 0.8ft long with a straight handle. the company describes the device as a “portable weather station”， made of a reflective surface with built in sensors that record realtime data such as light, humidity, pressure, and temperature. the umbrella collects and processes this data as well as information from a social media community before sending out alerts about when its going to start raining.and if the user happens to accidentally forget it at home on a potentially rainy day, or leaves it in a restaurant, similar alerts will be sent out using gps technology to make sure you dont lose it.“we wanted to make this umbrella unforgettable in terms of design, too，” explains alexandre, of escabo design studio. “we developed an exclusive material. it makes you feel you are holding an aurora borealis(北极光) in your hands. it has effects that are amazing with the light and always changing. it really makes the umbrella special.” the “capsule” that integrates all the technology, making the umbrella smart, is located in the handle.the umbrella is all set to hit global online and physical stores this fall. according to a company spokesperson, it will retail at 79($86), but the early bird price on kickstarter is 59($64). for those who are rather attached to their current umbrellas, the company will also release an “oombrella capsule” that can transform any umbrella into a smart device. now, if only it could make us fly like mary poppins!语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了一款高科技雨伞“欧姆伞”。1what does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about oombrella?aits special design. bits working principle.cits functions. dits structure.解析 c主旨大意题。第一段介绍了“欧姆伞”不但能够预测天气，而且还不会丢失。这把智能雨伞与一款智能手机应用同步，可以给用户发送半小时后的天气情况的实时更新信息，并且在用户忘带雨伞的时候还能提醒用户。此外，还有一个附加福利那就是这把雨伞永远不会外翻。由此可知，本段列举了这款智能伞的功能，故选c项。2which of the following best shows how oombrella works?acollectprocessrecordpredict. bprocessrecordcollectpredict.crecordcollectprocesspredict. drecordprocesscollectpredict.解析 c细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这把雨伞的反光面内置有传感器，可以记录光、湿度、气压和温度等实时信息，欧姆伞对这些信息以及来自社媒团体的信息进行收集和处理，然后在即将下雨的时候发送警报。提炼可得，该智能伞运行的流程为：记录收集处理预测，故选c项。3what can we learn from the last paragraph?aoombrella is already on sale.bearly buyers of oombrella will save money.cits impossible to turn an ordinary umbrella into a smart one.doombrella is a magic device that can make us fly.解析 b细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，该伞的零售价将为79欧元(86美元)，众筹网站kickstarter上的尝鲜价将为59欧元(64美元)，所以早期的买家将会更省钱，故选b项。4whats the purpose of the author writing the passage?ato introduce readers a new type of umbrella.bto show readers how to predict the weather.cto remind readers to take an umbrella at any time.dto persuade readers to buy the hightech umbrella.解析 a写作意图题。全文介绍智能雨伞的功能、工作程序、外观设计及其零售价格，故排除b、c两项。全文只是客观介绍，意在“科普”，而非“推销”，故选a项。bin the digital age, copying someone elses words is easy, but getting caught copying is even easier. when melania trump recently spoke at the republican convention, she used some of the same words that michelle obama had used at the democratic convention in 2008.within hours, news spread around the world with the claim that melania trump had plagiarized michelle obamas speech. students and teachers at universities in the us and elsewhere were shocked.5_what is plagiarism?6_ that person could also be called a “literary thief” or a “plagiarist”why is plagiarism a serious problem?its our own worst fear to have that thing that we created stolen from us, and its the same as our words. that thing that we created is essential to who we are.7_ academics are especially aware of the nature of plagiarism because their work is essentially the creation of ideas and putting them into words.8_one of the possible punishments for plagiarism at us universities is dismissal from the school. students may fail a course or be given a letter of censure(谴责) that stays on their school record. professors or researchers who plagiarize may damage or end their careers.plagiarism is easy to find.before the digital age we live in, plagiarizing was harder. you had to write out the words you copied. but now anything can be copied and passed. in the past, teachers would have to work hard to prove that work was copied.9_ the plagiarism checking software programs used by many students and universities include turnitin, grammarly, duplichecker, and ithenticate. nobody is going to get away with it.ahow to avoid plagiarism.bconsequences of plagiarism.cstealing our words is as serious as if stealing our child.dnowadays, some software programs will help you avoid plagiarism.eplagiarism is to copy someone elses written work without giving them credit.fbut nowadays, all you have to do is to run a paper through a plagiarism detection software.gthey learn from their early years in school that copying another writers words is wrong.语篇导读本文为说明文。在数字信息化时代，抄袭容易，被抓更容易。阅读本文，你将对“抄袭”有更深的了解。5解析 g诠释关系。上文讲梅兰妮亚特朗普抄袭米歇尔奥巴马演讲的消息在世界范围流传开之后，美国及其他地方大学的老师和学生都很震惊。g项解释了大家震惊的原因，因为他们早年在学校里学到过，抄袭其他作者的话语是错误的行为。该项与上文构成诠释关系，故选g项。6解析 e诠释关系。该段落小标题为what is plagiarism？(剽窃是什么？)，e项对剽窃下定义，即：剽窃就是在无他人授权的情况下抄袭他人的书面作品，故选e项。 7解析 c顺承关系。该段主要回答了为什么剽窃是一件很严重的事情。上文讲到：我们很害怕自己的东西被偷，我们的话语也是这样。我们创造的事物对自己是至关重要的。c项形象地解释了剽窃话语这件事的严重性，符合该段落的中心大意，与上文构成顺承关系，故选c项。 8解析 b总分关系。根据上下文内容可知，b项是对下一段落的归纳概括。下文讲到：在美国的大学里剽窃，可能受到开除的惩罚。学生可能会挂掉一门课程，或者会收到记入档案的处分通知。那些剽窃的教授或研究人员可能会损害或者结束他们的职业生涯。由此可以看出该段主要讲剽窃的不良后果，故选b项。 9解析 f对照关系。上句讲到：过去，老师们得费很大劲儿才能证明那份作业是抄袭的。f项(可是现在，你要做的只是用剽窃探测软件扫描文本)与上文构成对照关系，很好地突出了文段的中心剽窃很容易被发现，故选f项。.完形填空last week, my granddaughter started kindergarten. as is _1_,_i wished her success. i was lying. what i actually wish for her is_2_. i believe in the power of failure.success is _3_. success is proving that you can do something that you already know you can do, or doing something correctly the first time, which can _4_ be a problematical victory. firsttime success is usually a fluke(侥幸). firsttime failure, _5_,_is expected; it i