南京工业大学外国语学院英语系学术论文撰写规则(文学及文化方向) (2).doc

南京工业大学外国语学院英语系学士学位论文(文学文化方向)撰写要求Instructions for the Preparation of B.A. Theses (in the Field of Literary and Cultural studies) 1. The Format of a Thesis1.1 Prefatory Matter1.1.1 Title PageA candidate must follow the form of the title page illustrated by Figure Declaration Page A candidate must follow the form of the declaration page in the given sample thesis.1.1.3 AcknowledgementsA page of acknowledgements offers an opportunity to express thanks to persons who have been helpful. If any part of the work is collaborative, it should be specified who contributed what to which sections. The acknowledgements are signed with the candidates initials, typed or written in permanent black ink.Figure 1 A Sample Title PageThe Absent Father in Modern American PlaysbyWu XiaomingUnder the Supervision ofProfessor Li MinSubmitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts English DepartmentSchool of Foreign LanguagesNanjing University of TechnologyFebruary 20071.1.4 AbstractThe content of an abstract cannot be specified uniformly owing to the diversity of possible topics and treatments. It generally contains (1) your argument; (2) methods or procedures; (3) results; and (4) conclusions.The length of the English abstract is limited to a maximum of 150 words. The Chinese abstract should correspond with the English abstract.The first page should bear the centered heading “ABSTRACT,” the title of the thesis, and the name of the candidate, with quadruple spacing (three lines) before, between and after each item. 1.2 Text1.2.1 HeadingsThe thesis proper should have a title in bold and enlarged type. 1.2.2 PaperUse only A4 white paper of good quality and leave sufficient margins (top: 2.5 cm; bottom: 2.5 cm; left: 3.5 cm; right: 2.5 cm).1.2.3 TypeThe typefaces (fonts) used must be kept consistent throughout the thesis. Times New Roman 12 pt (English) and 宋体 五号/10.5 pt (Chinese) are to be used for the main text, bold Arial (English) and 黑体 (Chinese) for chapter and section titles. Different typefaces may only be used for chapter titles, tables, graphs, appendices, and pagination.The first line of each paragraph should begin with an indentation of ONE TAB (5 spaces).The main text should be 1.5 SPACED throughout. SINGLE SPACING should be used for block quotations and illustrative examples. 1.2.4 PaginationAll pages of the thesis must be numbered in the lower right corner, beginning with the first page of introduction. Small Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, etc.) are used for Prefatory Matter (title page, Acknowledgements, abstracts, etc.). The title pages number is omitted, so “ii” should appear on the following page.1.2.5 CitationReferences to materials used in a document enables readers to evaluate its authors accuracy and deepen their own acquaintances with the issues at hand. Citation systems may differ from one another in details of order, capitalization, abbreviation and punctuation. Literature and translation theses should consistently adhere to the MLA conventions. 1.2.6 QuotationsQuotations must be accurate and must signal changes by use of brackets and ellipses.A short quotation of fewer than three lines should be incorporated into the text and set off by quotation marks. A comma or period precedes the closing quotation mark under all circumstances even if only one word is quoted. A colon or semicolon always follows the quotation mark. A question mark follows the quotation mark unless the question is itself part of the material quoted.A longer quotation (of more than three lines) should be set off in a separate paragraph called a “block quotation.” A block quotation is single spaced within margins ONE TAB or five spaces wider than those of its surrounding text. An additional indentation of four spaces should precede the first line that begins a new sentence (rather than continues a sentence from the text). Quotation marks are NOT used at the beginning and end of block quotations.The reference citation of each quotation must state the exact page or pages quoted.1.3 Postscriptural Matter 1.3.1 Works Cited“Works Cited” should follow the thesis proper. The references must be arranged alphabetically by their authors surnames and should NOT be numbered. They should contain the information in the order prescribed by the style manual. The “Works Cited” section begins a new page.1.3.2 AppendicesAn appendix contains material that threatens to interrupt the thesis flow or bore its readers. Information provided in an appendix should be necessary and complete.Appendix pages continue the pagination of the thesis as a whole. The letter designation, full title, and page number of each appendix should , appear in the Table of Contents.2. Sample References英文文献Modern Language Association (MLA)Works CitedJournal articleStewart, Donald C. “What Is an English Major, and What Should It Be?” College Composition and Communication 40 (1989): 188-202.Journal article two authorsBrownell, Hiram H., and Heather H. Potter. “Inference Deficits in Right-Brain Damaged Patients.” Brain and Language 27 (1986): 310-21.Journal article more than two authorsMascia-Lees, Frances E., Pat Sharpe, and Colleen B. Cohen. “Double Similarity and the Black Woman Writer.” American Behavioral Scientist 31 (1987): 101-14.BookGraff, Gerald. Professing Literature: An Institutional History. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987.Book revised editionErikson, Erik. Childhood and Society. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1963.Book corporate authorCollege Board. College-bound Seniors: 1989 SAT Profile. New York: College Entrance Examination Board, 1989.Book no authorGuidelines for the Workload of College English Teacher. Urbana: National Council of Teachers of English, 1987.Edited bookKerckhove, Derrick de, and Charles J. Lumsden, eds. The Alphabet and the Brain: The Lateralization of Writing. Berlin Springer-Verlag, 1988.Selection from edited bookGlover, David. “The Stuff That Dreams Are Made Of: Masculinity, Femininity, and the Thriller.” Gender, Genre and Narrative Pleasure. Ed. Derek Longhurst. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989. 67-83.Modern Language Association (MLA)Works CitedTranslated bookLacan, Jacques. Ecrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Norton, 1977.Republished bookHurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. 1937. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1978.Magazine articleMiller, Mark Crispen. “Massa, Come Home.” New Republic 16 Sept. 1981: 29-32.Newspaper article“Literacy on the job.” USA Today 27 Dec. 1988: 6B. ReviewKidd, John. “The Scandal of Ulysses.” Rev. of Ulysses: The Corrected Text, by Hans Walter Gabler. New York Review of Books 30 June 1988: 32-39.Report available from ERICBaurer, Barbara A. A Study of the Reliabilities and Cost Efficiencies of Three Methods of Assessment for Writing Ability. ERIC, 1981. ED 216 357.University reportFlower, Linda. The Role of Task Representation in Reading to Write. Technical Report No. 6. Berkeley: Center for the Study of Writing at U of California, Berkeley and Carnegie Mellon U, 1987.DissertationHubert, Henry Allan. “The Development of English Studies in Nineteenth-Century Anglo- Canadian Colleges.” Diss. U of British Columbia, 1988.Conference paperMoffett, James. “Censorship and Spiritual Education.” The Right to Literacy Conference. Columbus, Ohio, September 1988.Modern Language Association (MLA)Works CitedInternet articles based on a print periodicalBleich, Eric. “From International Ideas to Domestic Policies: Educational Multiculturalism in England and France.” Comparative Politics 31.1 (Oct. 1998): 81-90. Expanded Academic ASAP. Middlebury College 2 Aug. 2000 http:/myriad. middlebury. edu/verify-iac.Article in an Internet-only journalBurka, Lauren P. “A Hypertext History of Multi-User Dimensions.” MUD History. 1993. /talent /lpb/muddex /essay (2 Aug. 1996).Newspaper article (electronic version by search)Verhovek, Sam Howe. “Microsofts Might Be Better Than One.” The New York Times. 1 May 2000. Retrieved 3 June 2001 .Stand-alone document on the InternetEilola, John. “Little Machines: Rearticulating Hypertext Users.” 3 Dec. 1994. ftp:/ftp.daedalus. com/pub/CCCC95 /john-eilola (14 Aug 1996).Document available on university program or department Web siteFelluga, Dino. Undergraduate Guide to Literary Theory. 17 Dec. 1999. Purdue University. 15 Nov. 2000 .Electronic copy retrieved from databaseChristopher, Warren. “Working to Ensure a Secure and Comprehensive Peace in the Middle East.” U.S. Dept. of State Dispatch 7:14, 1 Apr. 1996. FastDoc. OCLC. File #9606273898 (12 Aug. 1996).中文文献A 引用著作：比如： 刘海平主编：文明对话：本土知识的全球意义，上海外语教育出版社，2002年。应为： Liu Haiping 刘海平 (ed.), Dialogue of Civilizations: Global Significance of Local Knowledge (文明对话：本土知识的全球意义), Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002. B引用论文或文章： 比如： 王守仁：论哈代的史诗剧，载外国文学评论1990年第3期。应为： Wang Shouren 王守仁, “On Hardys Epic Drama The Dynasts” (论哈代的史诗剧列王), Foreign Literature Review（外国文学评论), No. 3, 1990. 3. Plagiarism and Documentation3.1 PlagiarismPlagiarism means to take another persons WORDS or IDEAS without acknowledging where they are from and use them as if they were your own. It can be either deliberate or accidental. Plagiarism is taken very seriously in higher education. In UK universities, for example, if even a small section of your work is found to have been plagiarized, it is likely that you will be given a mark of “0” for that assignment. In more serious cases, you will be asked to repeat the course completely. In some cases, plagiarism may even lead to your expulsion from university.To avoid either deliberate or accidental plagiarism, you MUST make it clear when the words or ideas that you are using are your own and when they are taken from another writer. The ideas and people that you refer to need to be made explicit by a system of referencing.3.2 DocumentationDocumentation means to use or refer to somebody or something as a source in the writing. If you use a result, observation, or generalization that is not your own, you must document it, i.e. specify its source. This practice is important in the scientific and academic world for three reasons:(1) It allows the reader to verify your starting position. Good referencing allows one to check the foundations of your additions to the structure of knowledge in the discipline, or at least to trace them back to a level which one judges to be reliable;(2) It enables the reader to distinguish your original contributions; and(3) It protects writers against suspicions of cheating or plagiarism.There are two ways in which you can refer to, or cite, another persons work: by paraphrase or direct quotation. 3.2.1 ParaphraseThis simply means stating anothers ideas in your own words. You can either paraphrase if you want to keep the length the same or summarize if you want to make it shorter. There are two main ways of showing that you have used another writers ideas:(1) IntegralKuhiwezak (1990) makes an insightful analysis of the misreading of Milan Kunderas novel The Joke by both the authors own country and the West.(2) Non-integralAn insightful analysis (Kuhiwezak 1990) has been made of the misreading of Milan Kunderas novel The Joke by both the authors own country and the West.They differ in whether or not the name of the cited author occurs in the citing sentence or in parenthesis.If you refer to a particular part of a source, page number(s) as well as date of publication MUST be supplied. For instance, Peter Newmark (1988:39-40) notes three characteristically expressive text-types: (a) serious imaginative literature (e.g. lyrical poetry); (b) authoritative statements (political speeches and documents, statutes and legal documents, philosophical and academic works by acknowledged authorities); (c) autobiography, essays, personal correspondence (when these are personal effusions).3.2.2 QuotationOccasionally you may want to quote another authors words exactly. For example:David Crystal (1985:240) defined pragmatics as “the study of language from the point of view of the users, especially of the choices they make, the constraints they encounter in using language in social interaction, and the effects their use of language has on the other participants in an act of communication.”A quotation should not repeat information or contradict your point. Do not use direct quotation when the information is well-known in your subject area;when you cannot understand the meaning of the original source; orwhen you are able to paraphrase the original.You may wish to omit some of a sources original words that are not relevant to your argument. An ellipsis “.” indicates such an omission. If you omit any of an authors original words, make sure you do not change the passages meaning. For instance,He stated, “The placebo effect, . disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner” (Smith, 1982:276), but he did not clarify which behaviors were studied.If you need to insert material (additions, explanations, alterations) into a quotation, use brackets (.). For instance,Smith (1982:276) found that “the placebo effect, which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when his own and others behaviors were studied in this manner.”If the material quoted already contains a quotation, use single quotation marks for the internal quotation (.).He stated, “The placebo effect, . disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner” (Smith, 1982:276), but he did not clarify which behaviors were studied.If you have not actually read the work to which you are referring, you should cite the secondary source in which you encountered it. In the text, you MUST use one of the following ways to indicate this:According to Jones (as cited in Smith, 1982:276).Do love stories, apart from happening, being, have something to say? For all my skepticism, I had clung to a few superstitionsthe strange conviction, for example, that everything in life that happens to me has a sense beyond itself, means something, that life in its day-to-day events speaks to us about itself so that it gradually reveals a secret, that it takes the form of a rebus whose message must be deciphered, that the stories we live in comprise the mythology of our lives and in that mythology lies the key to truth and mystery. Is it all an illusion? Possibly, even probably, but I cant seem to rid myself of the need to decipher my life continually. (Kundera, 1983:140; cited in Kuhiwezak, 1990:127)A quotation should add something to the point you are making, supporting your idea with evidence, examples, illustrations, or the weight of an authority, but IT SHOULD NEVER DO YOUR WORK FOR YOU: never try to substitute a quotation for your own analysis, argumentation, illustration, etc.4. EditingThesis writing is a repeated process of revision. After you finish a draft, you should carefully go over it and reconsider the substance and style of every section, paragraph and sentence. The following are a few things student writers should bear in mind:(1) Replace forms of “to be” (“is,” “was,” “were,” etc.) with strong active verbs. First, try to use active voice rather than passive voice. In most cases,L2 learners notice the “gaps” and “holes” during the enhanced output exercises. is more direct, more lively and less wordy than The “gaps” and “holes” are noticed by L2 learners during the enhanced output exercises. In other situations, we may change nouns ending with “-tion” into verbs. For example, we can transform “frustration” into “frustrate” and “allocation” into “allocate.”(2) Eliminate strings of prepositions (often a symptom of passive voice).Compare the following:Shakespeares Hamlet is do