辽宁省灯塔市高考英语阅读理解连载（5）(1).doc

2014辽宁省灯塔市高考英语阅读理解连载（5）及答案阅读理解“benjamin franklin,” walter isaacson tells us at the beginning of his long (but never boring) new biography, “is the founding father who winks at us.” by that, isaacson explains, he means franklin is the most humanand most modernof the men who shaped the american republic. we admire washington, jefferson and adams, but they remain creatures of the 18th century. the man we encounter in “benjamin franklin”funny, pragmatic and selfaware seems like one of us, or at least someone wed like to be.unlike washingtons cherry tree, franklins kite was real. his experiments with electricity made him one of the great scientists of his day. he was a middleclass businessman whose success as a printer and a journalist allowed him to retire at 42and he devoted the rest of his life to his country. he was diplomat who persuaded the french to back the american revolution and the author of the first great american autobiography. he was an excellent swimmer. there was almost nothing he couldnt do well, except write poetry. but what truly distinguished franklin was his talent of being great and human at the same time. he owned slaves as a younger man, but in his last years became an abolitionist(废奴主义者).when he fathered an illegitimate(私生的) son, he acknowledged his fatherhood and took the responsibility of raising the boy.he seems strange today in the joy he took in compiling and creating all those self- improvement maxims he published in poor richards almanac(年鉴) “early to bed, early to rise” and so on. generations of lazy boys could have been happier without that. but he was no hypocrite(伪君子). isaacson tells us franklin practiced what he preached, and often laughed at himself while he did so.by a happy accident, this is the second excellent biography of franklin to appear in two years, after edmund s.morgans inspiring “benjamin franklin.” 6. what type of literature does this passage belong to?a.research paper.b.book review.c. biography. d.short story.7. the underlined word “maxims” in paragraph 3 probably means_.a.proverbs b.standardsc.requests d.orders8. with the fact that franklin shouldered the responsibilities of raising his illegitimate son, the author wants to prove that_.a.franklin had made a big fortune in his business before he got devoted to politiesb.franklin might be the only parent to support the child at that timec.franklin was a great man who seems human to usd.franklin was improving his character when he got on in ages9. the underlined word “himself” in paragraph 3 refers to_.a.richards almanac b.walter isaacsonc.anyone of the readers. d.benjamin franklin10. in which part of a magazine can we most probably find this article?a.society and the arts. b.current affairs.c.business report. d.advertisement.【参考答案】610、bacda c82013浙江卷 the baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. during the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. after a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”the real mother or the mothersubstitute (母亲替代物). during the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. the harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mothersubstitutesone covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. if the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. however, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mothersubstitutes as their favorites. thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother. why is cloth preferable to bare wire? something that the harlows called contact(接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. wire doesnt “rub” as well as does soft cloth. prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk. according to the harlows, the basic quality of a babys love for its mother is trust. if the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. it screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. if its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. after a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. it then climbs down from the mothersubstitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”. 50psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life? a. warmth. b. milk. c. contact. d. trust. 51after the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is _. a. larger in size b. closer to them c. less frightening and less disturbing d. more comfortable to rub against 52what does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？a. attention. b. softness. c. confidence. d. interest. 53it can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, _. a. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toysb. it spends more time screaming to get rewardsc. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interestingd. it cares less about whether its mother is still around54the main purpose of the passage is to _. a. give the reasons for the experimentb. present the findings of the experimentc. introduce the method of the experimentd. describe the process of the experiment【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的实验发现。50a考查细节理解。从文章第一段“during the first few days of its lifeonto almost any large, warm, and soft object”可知，幼猴刚出生最需要的是温暖，所以选a项。51d考查推理判断。从第三段“why is cloth preferable to bare wire？baby monkeys spent much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins”推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“线妈妈”的原因在于相对于“线妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”皮肤接触起来更舒服，可能也更暖和，故选d项。 52c考查细节理解。从第三段“prolonged (长时间的)contact comfort with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and ”可知，长时间地与“布妈妈”接触，增加了幼猴的自信心，因此c项是最佳答案。53d考查推理判断。从最后一段“if its cloth mother is now introducedit obviously begins to feel more secure.it then climbs down fromand less and less time holding onto its mother”推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会觉得有安全感，从而在行为上会放松起来，从而越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接触的时间，所以d项正确。54b 考查写作意图。文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的实验结果，因此作者在文章中是要呈现这个结果给读者，所以b项为最佳答案。阅读理解-bmaking an apology is not the same as making amends. sometimes we apologize just because its the easiest thing to do. whats actually important is to identify where we go wrong, take full responsibility for our mistakes and , if possible, try to make up for them.a recent case involving hewlett-packed, the us computer giant, shows the importance of presenting a sincere apology. the chinese consumers who had bought notebook computers of certain models, which have been put on chinese market since 2007, suffered a massive flash screen failures and overheating problems. through investigation, chinese aqsiq (国家质检总局) identified these hp computers had quality problems and hp admitted this. hp made a proposal that they would extend the warranty (保修) period of such computers, but this could not satisfied the consumers. what they needed was a thorough description of the truth. hp has “sincerely” apologized. but the consumers remain angry, and say that only a product recall as hp has done in the past will prove that the apology is sincere.another apology that fell flat on its face was that of thierry henry, the famous french footballer. his deliberate handball in november 2009 created the goal which knocked ireland out of the 2010 world cup. the incident caused great anger in the football world, and eventually henry issued an apology. two days later, he wrote, “im not the refereebut if i hurt someone im sorry.” better late than never, perhaps, but even then he passed the blame onto the referee!such high-profile cases, which attract a lot of publicity often under the spotlight, but similar incidents occur in our everyday lives. stress caused by schoolwork and tiredness can sometimes result in outbursts of anger against friends and family. have you ever lost your temper for minor reasons? after calming down, most people are quick to realize their mistake and apologize. but its just as important to identify what caused the error in the first place and take action to ensure it doesnt happen again.no one should hold a negative attitude to making a sincere apology. empty words are easy to say, but they are as useless as they sound. a real show of remorse（痛悔;自责）demands hard work and commitment to put error right. 6. what does the author intend to tell us in the case of hp? a. a true apology needs sincere actions. b. hp should recall all the faulty computers. c. good quality makes a good company. d. a company should apologize and pay for their mistakes.7. according to the author, when we do anything wrong we firstly _. a. make an apology face to face honestly b. admit we were wrong and try to make the wrong right c. take the responsibility for apologizing to others d. choose the easiest thing to do8. we can infer from the case of thierry henry that _ . a. its never too late to say “im sorry.” b. writing an apology is not a good idea c. henry didnt identify his fault. d. the football fans were mad with henry.9. which of the following can best explain the word “commitment” in the last paragraph? a. decision.b. promise. c. agreement.d. responsibility.10. whats the best title of this passage? a. what really puts things rightb. dont apologize easily c. making an apology no one is out of exception d. how to judge an apology sincere enough?【参考答案】610、a b c d a 阅读理解-c the first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful, says plato. self-control is at the root of all the advantages. let a man give in to his impulses (冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom.a single angry word has lost many a friend. when socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. if you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. many a person has dropped dead in great anger. fits of anger bring fits of disease. whom the gods would destroy they first make mad. keep cool, says george herbert, for fierceness (狂怒) makes error a fault.to be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. anger, says pythagoras, brings with folly ( 愚蠢 ) and ends with regret. you must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.self-control is mans last greatest victory.if a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always becontrolled by his strongest feeling. if he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.11. what does the reader learn from the first paragraph?a. the greatest victory for a man is to conquer everything except himself.b. ones moral freedom is based on the control of himself.c. to control oneself is the most difficult in ones life.d. if a person is too stubborn, he will feel most shameful.12. what is the correct interpretation of “whom the gods would destroy they first make mad ” in paragraph 2 ?a. if the gods want to kill you, they make you crazy first.b. if you always lose your temper, you will soon be finished.c. if you cannot control yourself, you will become crazy.d. if you are mad, you will be punished by the gods.13. if a man lacks self-control, he lacks all of the following except _.a. the very backbone and nerve of characterb. the patience and power to control himselfc. strong feelingsd. self-confidence14. the authors main purpose in writing this article is to _.a. explain that self-control is the key to successb. teach people how to control everything in order to make a great successc. distinguish all kinds of self-control and suggest ways for keeping itd. advise people not to lose temper so as to make and keep more friends14. the passage is mainly developed by _.a. analyzing causes b. making comparisonsc. examining differences d. listing quotations 【参考答案】1115、bbcad c82013北京卷 -dmultitaskingpeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. the findings, based on performances and selfevaluations by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and cant focus on one activity. and “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said david sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the university of utah.sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensationseeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive (冲动) they were. they then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. but those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. they also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.“people multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity, but because theyre distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important，” sanbonmatsu said.adam gazzaley, a researcher at the university of california, san francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.the findings do suggest, however, why the sensationseekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “people who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations，