高中英语 Module 3 The Violence of Nature试题（含解析）外研版必修3.doc

module 3 the violence of nature世界最危险火山随时爆发 或造成灾难mount nyiragongo is one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world and scientists say it is only a matter of time before it makes the city below a modern day pompeii. 尼拉贡戈火山是世界上最危险的火山之一，科学家表示，山脚下的城镇重现庞培古城的悲剧只是时间的问题。 but they dont know when since, located as it is in the war-torn eastern edge of the democratic republic of congo, the two mile high cauldron of lava is also one of the least well understood. 因位于战火纷飞的刚果共和国东部地区，科学家们对于这座高大的岩浆炉知之甚少，所以尚且不能预计这场灾难性浩劫将在何时发生。at the base of nyiragongo sprawls goma, a city of an estimated one million people, numbers swelling by the day as villagers from the countryside seek refuge from rebel and government forces. 坐落于尼拉贡戈火山脚下的戈马城人口将近100万左右，由于众多灾民因不堪叛军与政府军的折磨而逃亡于此，该地的人口数量也在迅速增加。 twice in recent years nyiragongos eruptions have hit the city, destroying homes and sending residents fleeing. but now, seismologists believe, the risk is not just near the city, but directly beneath it. 该火山最近两次的喷发已经对这座城市造成了沉重的打击，众多房屋被毁，居民流离失所。但据地震学家称，对于戈马城的威胁不仅来自于附近的火山，就连地下也危机四伏。 for the past 20 years the region has suffered nearly constant warfare, including a spillover from the genocide in neighbouring rwanda.在近20年中，这一地区一直饱受战乱之苦，大量的逃亡人口从首都卢旺达逃难到此。 a fragile, often broken peace is maintained by 20,000 united nations troops, one of the largest peace-keeping missions in the world. 由两万人的联合国维和部队所维护的这一地区的和平不堪一击，这也是世界上最艰巨的维和任务之一。 italian seismologist dario tedesco has spent the last 15 years studying nyiragongo, with funding from the european union. 获得欧盟资助的意大利地震学家达利奥特德斯库在过去15年中一直在对尼拉贡戈火山进行研究。 he has struggled to focus the scientific communitys attention on volcano, and he says, there is no question it will erupt again. 他竭力地将学术界的注意力转移到这座火山上来，并称再次爆发是毫无疑问的。goma,he told national geographic magazine,is the most dangerous city in the world. 他对国家地理杂志说，戈马是世界上最危险的城市。 history suggests he may be right. in 2002, 350,000 fled after the volcano shot more than 15 million cubic yards of lava into downtown goma, destroying 14,000 homes and burying buildings to the top of the first floor. 历史也许能替他佐证，2002年的火山爆发致使1,500万立方码的火山灰降落到了市区，14，000幢房屋被毁，建筑物被完全掩埋。（二）当地震发生时的你该如何应对？ when walking outside行走在户外时take caution against falling objects, such as signs and broken windows. tools and construction materials can fall down at a construction site. protect your head with your bag or coat and keep at a distance from tall buildings. stone walls and pillars can also fall down and are potentially dangerous.当心坠落的物体，例如广告牌和破碎的窗户。建筑工具和材料有可能从建筑工地跌落。用包或大衣保护自己的头部，和高层建筑保持距离。石墙和柱子也可能会倒塌，从而带来安全隐患。when driving a car驾驶车辆时firmly hold the steering wheel, gradually reduce speed, park your car on the side of the road, and stop the engine. listen to information on the radio and find out what is happening. if you need to evacuate, leave your keys, keep the doors unlocked, and walk away with your car documents and valuables.握稳方向盘，逐渐减速，然后把车停到路边，关掉引擎。收听广播信息，了解目前状况。如果需要撤离，应将车钥匙留下，不锁车门，并随身携带好车辆证件和贵重物品。 when underground or in a subway 在地下或乘地铁时the shaking you feel when you are underground is about half of what you would experience over ground. additionally, underground areas have strong structures and are safer than high-rise buildings. calmly evacuate, following instructions from shop clerks and subway staff.地下感受到的震动大约只有地上的一半。另外，地下建筑通常比高层建筑更坚固、安全。应按照店员和地铁工作人员的指示，沉着冷静地撤离。 when in high-rise building在高层建筑时elevators with earthquake sensors will stop at the nearest floor. immediately leave the elevator. if you get stuck in the elevator, use the intercom to contact someone outside and wait for rescue. when you evacuate from buildings, never use elevators, listen to announcements, and use the stairs to leave the building.装有地震感应器的电梯会停靠在最近的楼层，此时应迅速地离开电梯。如果被困在电梯里，应用其通话装置和外部联系，然后等待救援。从楼房撤离时，不要使用电梯，而应听通告，使用楼梯离开大楼。 when near the ocean在海边时head for higher ground and carefully listen to tsunami information. do not go near the ocean until tsunami warnings have been cleared. dont even think about going to watch tsunamis!立即向高处转移，同时收听海啸信息。在海啸警报解除之前，不要靠近海边，更不要有观看海啸的荒谬想法。. 核心单词1. _ n. 灾难 2. _ vt. 引起；导致 n. 原因；事业；目标3. _ n. 家具4. _ vt. 埋葬5. _ vi. 发生6. _ vt. & n. （雷电、暴风雨等）袭击7. _ vt. 毁坏8. _ adj. 以前的9. _ n. & v. 损失；损害10. _ vt. 经历_ adj. 有经验的11. _ adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的_ n. 暴力12. _ n. 可能；可能性_ adj. 可能的_ adv. 可能地13. _ adj. 吓人的；可怕的_ adj. 恐惧的；受惊吓的_ vt. 使惊恐；使受惊吓14. _ adv. 幸运地；幸亏_ adj. 幸运的_ n. 运气15. _ adv. 满怀希望地；有希望地_ adj. 有希望的_ n. & vt. 希望，期望16. _ adv. 伤心地；不幸地_ adj. 悲伤的_ n. 悲伤17. _ n. 警告_ vt. 警告18. _ adj. 积极的；活跃的_ n. 活动. 重点短语1. 卷起；掀起；拾起；搭载；偶然学会_2. 去掉；脱掉；起飞_3. 平均起来_4. 结果为；以结束_5. 总共；共计_6. 指的是；谈到；提到；涉及_7. 记下；放下；镇压_8. set fire to_9. catch fire_10. put out_11. take place_12. do damage to_13. turn over_14. in all _. 核心单词1.disaster 2.cause 3.furniture 4. bury 5. occur6.strike 7.ruin 8.previous 9. damage 10. experience；experienced11.violent；violence 12. possibility；possible；possibly13.terrifying；terrified；terrify 14. luckily；lucky；luck 15. hopefully；hopeful；hope16. sadly；sad；sadness 17. warning；warn 18. active；activity. 重点短语1. pick up 2. take off 3. on average 4. end up 5. in all6. refer to 7. put down 8. 放火(焚烧) 9. 着火 10. 扑灭(火)11. 发生 12. (对)造成损害 13. 翻过来；翻阅(书页) 14. 总共；总计重点单词1. experience vt. 经历，体验 n. 经验； 经历one of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience. 一代人能给予另几代人最大的礼物之一是从经验中获得的瑰宝。experience difficulties 经历困难experience pleasure/pain 感到愉快/痛苦learn by/from experience 从经验中学习have experience in sth 在方面有经验experienced adj. 有经验的be experienced in doing sth 在做方面有经验experience作经验讲，是不可数名词；作经历，阅历讲，是可数名词。【语境巧记】he is an officer with experience, who has many unusual experiences. 他是个有经验的军官，有着很多不同寻常的经历。2. cause vt. 引起；导致 n. 原因；起因；理由；事业the wound isnt serious, but may cause some discomfort. 伤口并不严重，但可能会引起一些不适。cause sb sth 给某人带来某事cause sb/sth to do. 导致某人/某物做cause and effect 因果关系cause直接导致事情发生的原因，后可接of介词短语reason着重强调在逻辑推理上得出的原因，其后接介词for，也可以接why引导的定语从句excuse指说话人试图为自己辩护或希望得到别人谅解时所提出的借口、理由，后常用介词for3. bury vt. 埋葬；埋藏；遮盖；使专心 take a bus to qufu, where confucius was buried. 乘坐公共汽车去曲阜，那里葬着孔子。be buried alive 被活埋bury ones face in hands 双手掩面埋头于，专心于be buried inbury oneself in 【知识链接】表示埋头于，全心致力于的短语还有下列短语：be absorbed in；concentrate on；fix ones attention on；occupy oneself in doing /with sth = be occupied with；devote oneself to = be devoted to【巧学助记】4. occur vi. 发生；想到；出现 it never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 我从未想到你能成功说服他改变主意。sth occurs to sb 某人突然想起某事it occurs to sb that. 某人突然想起it occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事it occurred to me that i had left the door unlocked. 我忽然想起来忘了锁门了。happen表示发生时，强调事件发生的偶然性和不可预见性，其主语为事物；表示碰巧时，常用于it happenedthat从句或happen to do sth句型中。occur表示发生时，属于比较正式的用语，常以具体的事件、事物为主语，此时可以与happen互换。表示在脑海中出现某种想法时，要用occur，而不可用happen。take place多指有计划、有目的、有步骤地发生，比如举办活动、发生变化等。break out多指自然灾害、战争、某种疾病的突然爆发。5. strike vt. (雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；突然想到；敲钟；打击；给以印象；n. 罢工he was lying in bed when something like a smoke alarm struck his ears. 当火警声在他耳朵响起时他正躺在床上。（1）strike sb + 介词 + the + 身体部位 打某人某部位sth strikes sb 某人忽然想到某事be struck by 被打动；迷恋it strikes sb that/how/what从句 某人一下想到（2）be on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工【巧学助记】strike表示击打时，既可表示有意地打，也可表示无意地打，撞；还可表示时钟敲响；罢工；使突然想起；袭击；打动。另外，它还可作名词，表示打击；空袭；攻击；罢工，罢市，罢课。beat指用棍棒等连续击打。它还表示在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方，还可指心脏或脉搏的跳动、(雨点)拍打着等。beat作名词时，表示敲打；心脏的跳动；节拍。hit指对准某一目标打，hit还可以引申为攻击，抨击，也指精神上或感情上的打击。hit表示自然灾害袭击时与strike可互换。hit作名词时，表示一击；击中；轰动一时的人或物。经典短语1. pick up 卷起；捡起，拿起；收拾；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；身体好转she went over to the crying child and picked her up. 她走到啼哭的孩子身边，把她抱了起来。pick oneself up 跌倒后站起来pick up speed 加速pick out 挑选；辨认出【巧学助记】2. end up 结果为，以结束i love how people can seem so different, but end up being so similar. 我喜欢人们可能看起来如此不同，但结果却如此相似。end upadj./v-ing 最后，最终end up as. 最终成为或变成end up with 以结束(后接表具体事物的名词)end up in 以结束(后接表抽象概念的名词)【导图助记】3. in all 总共；共计there were twelve of us in all for dinner last night. 昨晚我们一共十二个人吃晚饭。above all 最重要的是，首先；尤其是；特别是after all 毕竟，终究，归根结底；别忘了at all 完全，全然；根本；究竟；到底first of all 首先(强调顺序)all in all 总的说来4. leave宾语宾语补足语leave宾语宾语补足语结构，意为使某人(某物)继续处于某种状态、某地等。其中leave为及物动词，意思是使处于；听任。其常见结构有：（1）leave宾语where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句youd better not leave the medicine where kids can get at it. 你最好不要把药放在孩子们够得着的地方。（2）leave + 宾语 + 名词 形容词 介词短语 过去分词 现在分词 动词不定式he got off the bus hurriedly, leaving his umbrella on the bus. 他匆匆忙忙地下了公交车，将雨伞落在车上了。5. there is /was the possibility of. 有的可能性there is a strong possibility that they will win the next election. 他们很可能会在下一次选举中获胜。there is (no) possibility of/that. 有(没有)可能the possibility is that. 可能it is possiblethat. 可能【知识链接】表示可能性的常见方式：形容词：probable，likely，possible副词：probably，possibly，maybe，perhaps名词：possibility，chance (of./或后跟that同位语从句)情态动词：must，should，may，might，can【试题导读】自然灾害是指给人类生存带来危害或损害人类生活环境的自然现象，包括干旱、高温、低温、寒潮、洪涝、积涝、山洪、台风、龙卷风、冰雹、暴雨、暴雪等，每一次自然灾害的发生都给人类的生命安全和财产带了巨大的损失。以下高考题与自然灾害有关，让我们一起来看看吧！高考试题一题型体裁话题词数难度建议时间阅读理解记叙文娜塔莉帮助重建遭受飓风重创的家乡3628分钟 （2016北京卷）surviving hurricane sandy(飓风桑迪)natalie doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in rockaway, new york. living just a few blocks from the beach, natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. its the ocean that makes rockaway so special, she says.on october 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. that night, hurricane sandy attacked the east coast, and rockaway was hit especially hard. fortunately, natalies family escaped to brooklyn shortly before the citys bridge closed.when they returned to rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. many of natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away. all around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in brooklyn.in the following few days, the men and women helping rockaway recover inspired natalie. volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.my mom tells me that i cant control what happens to me, natalie says. but i can always choose how i deal with it.natalies choice was to help.she created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. natalie posted introduction about a boy named patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. within days, patricks collection was replaced.in the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: christopher, who received a new basketball; charlie, who got a new keyboard. natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to rockaway. her efforts made her a famous person. last april, she was invited to the white house and honored as a hurricane sandy champion of change.today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in rockaway, but hope is in the air. the streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. i cant imagine living anywhere but rockaway, natalie declares. my neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.59. when natalie returned to rockaway after the hurricane, she found _.a. some friends had lost their livesb. her neighborhood was destroyedc. her school had moved to brooklynd. the elderly were free from suffering60. according to paragraph 4, who inspired natalie most?a. the people helping rockaway rebuild.b. the people trapped in high-rise building.c. the volunteers donating money to survivors.d. local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.61. how did natalie help the survivors?a. she gave her toys to the kids.b. she took care of younger children.c. she called on the white house to help.d. she built an information sharing platform.62. what does the story intend to tell us?a. little people can make a big difference.b. a friend in need is a friend indeed.c. east or west, home is best.d. technology is power.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。本文的主人公14岁的女孩娜塔莉主动参与重建遭受飓风重创的家乡。她建立了一个网站，把外界的捐赠者和家乡需要帮助的人结对，同时帮助很多孩子实现了自己的梦想。她应邀到白宫，并被授予荣誉称号。59. b 【解析】细节理解题。由题干中的returned.after the hurricane可知，答案应该在第三段。娜塔莉一家在飓风过后回到家乡，发现街区已变为废墟(neighborhood in ruins)，很多朋友失去了家园，并且住到了很远的地方。人们都在遭受苦难，特别是老年人。从这些信息可知选b。60. a 【解析】细节理解题。由第四段第一句中的the men and women helping rockaway recover inspired natalie可知选a。 61. d 【解析】细节理解题。由第七段可知，娜塔莉建立了一个网站，让捐助者与需要帮助的人通过这个网站建立联系，以此来帮助他们，因此选d。 62. a 【解析】主旨大意题。本题给出的四句谚语的含义依次为：小人物也有大作为；患难之友才是真正的朋友；金窝银窝不如自己的狗窝；技术就是力量。本文介绍的是14岁的小女孩娜塔莉如何帮助家乡的重建工作，因此选a。 高考试题二题型体裁话题词数难度建议时间阅读理解说明文厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响4158分钟（2016江苏卷）el nifio, a spanish term for the christ child, was named by south american fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around christmas. el nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.the weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. rich countries gain more from powerful nifio, on balance, than they lose. a study found that a strong nifio in 1997 helped americans economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the midwest gained from extra rain. the total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.but in indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. a multi-year drought (干旱）in south-east brazil is becoming worse. though heavy rains brought about by el nino may relieve the drought in california, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.the most recent powerful nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. but such ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. according to the overseas development institute (odi), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. this is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease. better sewers (下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. according to a paper in 2011 by mr hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to el ninos harmful effectsand the poorer the country, the stronger the link. though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to el nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.61.what can we learn about el nino in paragraph 1?a. it is named after a south american fisherman.b. it takes place almost every year all over the world.c. it forces fishermen to stop catching fish around christmas.d. it sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.62.what may el ninos bring about to the countries affected?a. agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.b. droughts become more harmful than floods.c. rich countries gains are greater than their losses.d. poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.63.the data provided by odi in paragraph 4 suggest that _.a. more investment should go to risk reductionb.governments of poor countries need more aidc.victims of el nino deserve more compensationd.recovery and reconstruction should come first64.what is the authors purpose in writing the passage?a.to introduce el nino and its origin.b.to explain the consequences of el nino.c.to show ways of fighting against el nino.d. to urge people to prepare for el nino.【文章大意】本文介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响，并告诉我们诺政府应该做更多的投资来预防厄尔尼诺的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和恢复。61. d 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句el nifio sees warm water,