黑龙江省鹤岗市第二中学高考英语一轮复习《阅读理解推理判断》导学案.doc

阅读理解-推理判断推理判断题占整个阅读理解的40%左右，要求我们从已知的事件中去推测未知事件，对原文没有提及的情况进行推理想象，从而得出文章的结论、作者的观点倾向、文章的论调和写作思想等。注意事项：1、吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示。2、注意作者遣词造句的特点，弄清词的含蓄含义。3、时刻提醒自己作者想让我们推断什么，要忠于原文，不可臆断，凭空想象。4、利用文章中明确表示的内容，进行推理，挖掘作者在文章中的隐含意义。5. 不可直接选取文中的原句。题目设计形式一般有:1. we can infer/assume from this passage/paragraph_2. the story suggests/implies that .3. the writer of this passage intends to .4. the writers purpose of writing the passage is to .5. the passage is probably taken from a .6. the writer of the passage considers it .7. which of the following best describes the character of .8. what would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?9. the writers attitude toward is .探析一：细节推断题要求根据语篇关系抓住关键信息词，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、具体信息等。（a） i was blind, but i was ashamed of it if it was known. i refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. after all, i was a teenage girl, and i couldnt bear people to look at me and think i was not like them. i must have been a terrible danger on the roads. coming across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes. apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.one evening, i got off the bus about halfway home where i had to change buses, and as usual i ran into something. “im awfully sorry,” i said and stepped forward only to run into it again. when it happened a third time, i realized i had been apologizing to a lamppost. this was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me. so i carried on and found the bus stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldnt stop, unless passengers want to get on or off. no one else was there and i had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.generally in this situation, because i hated showing i was blind by asking for help, i tried to guess at the sound. sometimes i would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. in the end, i usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.but on this particular evening on one joined me at the stop: it seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus. of course i heard plenty of buses pass, or i thought i did. but because i had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself, i let them all go by. i stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one. then i gave up. i decided to walk on to the next stop.1. the girl refused to ask for help because she thought_.a. she might be recognized b. asking for help looked sillyc. she was normal and independent d. being found blind was embarrassing2. what was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus?a. other vehicles also stopped thereb. it was unreliable for making judgments.c. more lorries than buses responded to the girl.d. it took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.3. finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop, hoping_.a. to find people thereb. to find more bused therec. to find the bus by herself thered. to find people more helpful there（b）in many countries the standard of living enjoyed by their people had increased rapidly in recent years. sadly, not everyone in these countries is so fortunate and many people in rich countries are homeless. the reasons for homelessness are various, but poverty is undoubtedly one of the main causes. the homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads. often, the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this from happening, but not always.some cynics(愤世嫉俗的人) declare that homeless people choose to live the life which they lead. but who would willingly choose to live in a shop doorway, under a bridge or in a cardboard box?4. it can be inferred from the text that .a. you will not find homeless people in countries with a high standard of livingb. the mental ill live on the street because they want the company of other homeless peoplec. the unemployed who receive help may still be among the homelessd. the homeless are willing to live under a bridge or in a cardboard box（c）before the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a companys activities. today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments. the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes. one research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.5. all of following statements are true except that .a. computer is a great help for business managementb. with the help of computers, company managers are now more informed of whats going on in their companies.c. computerized information enables managers to take timely measures to prevent possible mistakes.d. computer science graduates are quick to learn business subjects because of their professional knowledge about computers. (d) planning a visit to the uk? here we help with ways to cut your costs.avoid big events big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it hard to find a room. a standard double room at the thistle brighton on the final friday of the brighton comedy festival (19 oct.) cost $169.15 booking. com. a week later, the same room cost $118.15if you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid- or youre looking for a big event to pass your time- check out sites such as whatsonwhen. com, which allow you to search for events in the uk by city , date and category.6. the brighton comedy festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may_.a. help travelers pass time b. attract lots of travelers to the ukc. allow travelers to make flexible plansd. cause travelers to pay more for accommodation在做细节推理判断题时应注意：_探析二：态度观点判断题主要考察作者的态度、观点，此问题有一定难度。推断过程中须注意文章作者的措辞。常见的表示态度的词语有:_ (a)inside the pleasingly fragrant caf, so all may eat(same) in downtown denver, the spirit of generosity is instantly noticeable: customers here pay only what they can afford, no questions asked.a risky business plan, perhaps, but same caf has done one unchangeable thing in the mile high city for six years: open only at midday, the restaurant provides poor local people with healthy, delicious lunches six days a week. those unable to pay for their meals can instead volunteer as waiters and waitresses, and dishwashers, or look after the buildings and equipment for the caf.“its based on trust, and its working all right,” says co-owner brad birky, who started the caf in 2006 with his wife libby. previously volunteering at soup kitchens, the birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there.“we wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable, regardless of their circumstances,” birky says. sames special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural and grown by local farmers.the caf now averages 65to 70 customers a day. and the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading. in early 2007, one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during the long winter said goodbye to the birkys. “he said he was going to new orleans to help with the hurricane cleanup,” says birky.1. the authors attitude towards running such a caf is _.a. unfavorable b. approving c. doubtful d. cautious(b)it happened to me recently. i was telling someone how much i had enjoyed reading barack obamas dreams from my father and how it had changed my views of our president. a friend i was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words, “a brilliantly written book”. however, he then went on to talk about mr obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. i sensed that i was talking to a book liar.and it seems that my friend is not the only one. approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading book which they havent. in the world book days “report on guilty secrets”, dreams from my father is at number9. the report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading , and as im not one to lie too often (id hate to be caught out), ill admit here and now that i havent read the entire top ten. but i am pleased to say that, unlike 42percent of people, i have read the book at number one, george orwells 1984. i think its really brilliant.the world book day report says that many people lie about having read jane austen, charles dickens, fyodor dostoevsky and herman melville.asked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. this could be tricky if the conversation became more in-depth!but when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named j. k. rowling, john grisham, sophie kinsella (ah, the big seller, in other words). forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (ill come clean: i do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).2. what is the authors attitude to 58% of readers? a. favorable b. uncaring. c. doubtful d. friendly(c)about 30 years ago, i left cuba for the united states with my son. after getting settled finally in new jersey, i enrolled(注册)my son in kindergarten. several weeks later, my sons teacher asked me to meet him at his office.in the teachers office, an exchange of greetings was followed by his questions: ”is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)? does he suffer from any kind of mental disability?” i asked him why he was asking me all these questions. my son could not follow the teachers directions, he told me, and thus, scola was disrupting the class. didnt he know my son did not speak english yet?the teacher was angry: “why hasnt your son been taught to speak english? dont you speak english at home?”no, i didnt speak english at home, i replied. i was sure my son would learn english in a couple of months, and i didnt want him to forget his native language. well, wrong answer! what kind of person would not speak in english to her son at home and at all times? “are you one of those people who come to his country to save dollars and send them back to their country, never wanting to be a part of this society?”needless to say, i tried to tell him i was not one of “those people “. then he told me the meeting was over, and i left.as i had expected, my son learned to speak english fluently before the school year was over. he went on to graduate from college and got a job, earning close to six figures. he travels widely and leads a well-adjusted, contented life. and he has benefited from being bilingual(双语的)speaking more than one language allows people to communicate with others; it teaches people about other cultures and other placessomething very basic and obviously lacking in the “educator” i met in new jersey.3. the authors towards being bilingual may best be described as _.a. critical b. casual c. positive d. passive(d) best learning english, established in 2010, now has 30 training centers and more than 10,000 students across china. “we plan to expand to 100 training centers by 2015,” said its ceo wang ning. the fast expansion of high-end childrens english education is a result of a more global outlook among chinas new generation of parents.“young chinese parents care about whether their children have an international outlook,” said zhang yuanmeng, director of china research center for childrens industry. “the market for high-end english education companies is huge, as chinese parents believe their children have to deal with competitors all over the world when they grow up,” she said. and this is a sector which is proving attractive to investors. best learning english attracted 100 million yuan in its first round of financing in october.however, these companies still need to overcome a number of problems if they want to ensure their further growth.“human resource management is the primary problem for growing english education companies,” said zhang. “the business requires high-quality teachers, not only with language skills, but also teaching skills and an understanding of western culture. the lack of teachers in big cities is more obvious, since the market is larger there,” she added. “but the good news is that chinese education companies are recruiting（招募） more teachers from english-speaking countries who are looking for work due to the economic crisis in the west.4. whats zhang yuanmengs attitude to the further growth of english education companies?a. worried b. optimistic c. negative. d. unconcerned.探析三：写作意图题 有些文章写作目的比较明确，如议论文、说明文，此类题应关注主题句。有些让读者去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文或夹叙夹议文章中，此类文章通常先叙述，然后发表自己的看法。因此议论部分蕴含的作者的写作意图。（2007年全国卷b篇）if all the students in a class tried out for basketball, some would be very good players; others would be very poor; and many would be in between. but even the very poor players can become much better players if they are guided in the right way, and with plenty of practice. it is the same with reading.q: with the example of basketball players, the author shows .a. why certain people are poor readers.b. that there are differences in peoples abilitiesc. why some people are good basketball playersd. that good basketball players can be good readers探析四：深层推理题做此类题不能仅仅透彻的理解一句话，而且要注意它与整篇的联系，以及上下文之间的关系。（2007年全国卷e篇） today about 70 countries use daylight saving time (dst). daylight saving was first introduced during world war i in australia. during the world wars, dst was used for the late summers beginning january 1917 and 1942, and the full summers beginning september 1942 and 1943. the differences in daylight saving in australia continue to cause serious problems in transport and many other social activities. it also reduces the number of hours in the working day that are common to all centers in the country. in particular, time differences along the east coast cause major difficulties, especially for the broadcasters of national radio and television.q: what do we know about the use of dst from the last paragraph?a. there exist some undesirable effects.b. it helps little to save energy.c. it brings about longer working days.d. radio and tv programs become different.探析五：逻辑结论题严格根据文中陈述的事实、论点和论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。此类题多出现在说明文和议论文中.典例：several different bison species have lived on the north american continent since the ice age; today only two exist. the wood bison is the larger of the