感染相关英文小结-5.5 军团菌.docx

医学英文词汇小结-INFECTION5.5感染相关英文词汇小结G-（5肺炎球菌感染）71. Legionella Infections军团菌2. bacteria of the genus Legionella . Pontiac fever军团菌发热3. febrile发热4. self-limited自限性5. an American Legion convention美国退伍军人协会6. L. pneumophila嗜肺军团菌7. aerobic gram-negative bacilli需氧革兰阴性菌8. Buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar缓冲炭酵母提取物琼脂（BCYE）9. aquatic bodies（lakes and streams）水体（湖和溪流）10. natural soil and commercial potting soil自然土和栽培土11. warm temperatures温度适宜12. scale and sediment水垢及沉积物13. disinfectants 杀菌剂14. symbiotic microorganisms共生的微生物15. algae水藻16. amebas阿米巴变形虫17.ciliated protozoa有纤毛的原生动物18. Rainfall and humidity雨天和湿度19. environmental risk factors环境危险因素20.Sporadic community-acquiredLegionnaires disease散发的社区获得性军团菌感染21. Cooling towers冷却塔22. evaporative condensers蒸发式冷凝器23. transmission of Legionella to humans军团菌传播给人体24.aerosolization气雾25. aspiration吸入26. oropharyngeal colonization口咽部定植27. directly via the drinking of contaminated water直接饮用被污染的水源28. Nasogastric tubes鼻胃管29. hospital-acquired Legionnaires disease医院获得性军团菌疾病30. endotracheal intubation气管内插管31.hospital-acquired pneumonia of other etiologies其他病原菌造成的医院获得性肺炎32. nebulizers雾化器33. humidifiers加湿器34.An ultrasonic mist machine超声喷雾器35. Pontiac fever庞蒂亚克热（又称流感样型）36.top four microbial causes of community-acquired pneumonia社区获得性肺炎四大常见病原菌37. Streptococcus pneumoniae肺炎链球菌38. Haemophilus influenza流感嗜血杆菌39. Chlamydophila pneumoniae衣原体肺炎40.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)疾病控制和预防中心41. nosocomial pneumonia医院性肺炎42. Risk factors风险因子43. cigarette smoking吸烟44. chronic lung disease慢性肺部疾病45. advanced age高龄46. prior hospitalization入院史46. discharge within 10 days before onset of pneumonia symptoms肺炎症状出现10天前出院47. immunosuppression免疫抑制48. transplantation移植49. HIV infectionHIV感染50. treatment with glucocorticoids or tumor necrosis factor antagonists糖皮质激素治疗或肿瘤坏死因子拮抗剂51. airborne transmission空气传播52. bacterial type IV piliIV型菌毛的细菌53. Alveolar macrophages肺泡巨噬细胞54. phagocytose吞噬55. The macrophage infectivity potentiation (MIP)巨噬细胞感染增强56. inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion抑制噬菌体-溶酶体的融合57. neutrophils in immunity appears to be minimal中性粒细胞在（军团菌）感染中作用有限58. neutropenic patients are not predisposed to Legionnaires disease中性粒细胞减少的病人并不是军团菌感染的危险因素59. humoral immune system is active against Legionella体液免疫系统对军团菌有作用60. Type-specific IgM and IgG antibodies型特异性IgM和IgG61. more virulent毒性更强62. Pontiac fever is an acute, self-limiting, flu-like illness庞蒂亚克热是一种急性的、自限性、流感样疾病63. an incubation period of 2448 h潜伏期24-48h64. Malaise萎靡不振65. fatigue疲惫66. myalgias肌肉疼痛67. Fever (usually with chills)发热伴寒战68. headache头痛69. arthralgias关节痛70. nausea恶心71. cough咳嗽72. abdominal pain腹痛73. diarrhea腹泻74. Modest leukocytosis白细胞轻度升高75. with a neutrophilic predominance中性粒细胞占比增加76. Complete recovery occurs within a few days几天后可自愈77. experience lassitude无精打采78. antibody seroconversion抗体血清转换79. atypical pneumonia不典型肺炎80. relatively nonproductive cough不生痰干咳81. Legionella pneumonia军团菌肺炎82. closely resemble those of bacteremicpneumococcal pneumonia与细菌性肺炎球菌肺炎症状类似83. incubation period潜伏期84. the sputum is streaked with blood痰中带血85. Chest pain,either pleuritic or nonpleuritic胸痛，肋间或非肋间痛86. prominent feature主要的症状87. hemoptysis咯血88. Clinical Clues Suggestive of Legionnaires Disease军团菌感染疑似症状89. High fever (40C; 104F)高热（40C）90. Numerous neutrophils but no organisms revealed by Grams staining of respiratory secretions呼吸道分泌物有大量中性粒细胞，革兰染色无显著病原体91. Hyponatremia低钠血症92. Failure to respond to -lactam drugs (penicillins or cephalosporins) and aminoglycoside antibiotics对内酰胺药物（青霉素、头孢）氨基糖苷类抗生素无效93. pulmonary embolism肺栓塞94. Shortness of breath气短95. Gastrointestinal difficulties are pronounced胃肠道症状明显96. watery水样便97. bloody血样便98. multitudinous neurologic symptoms多种神经系统症状99. Relative bradycardia心动过缓100. rales啰音101. nonspecific clinical manifestations临床症状不典型102. not readily distinguishable from pneumonia of other etiologies 不能与其他病原菌肺炎相区别103. confusion意识障碍104. elevated valuesin liver function tests肝功水平升高105. hematuria血尿106. proteinuria蛋白尿107. hypophosphatemia低磷酸盐血症108. delayed diagnosis 诊断延迟109. ambulatory cases门诊病例110. Extrapulmonary legionellosis= extrapulmonary manifestations军团菌感染肺外表现111. portal of entry侵入门户112. bloodborne dissemination血行传播113. extrapulmonary site of legionellosis is the heart肺外常见感染部位为心脏114. myocarditis心肌炎, and prosthetic-valve endocarditis115. pericarditis心包炎116. postcardiotomy syndrome心脏切开术后综合征117. prosthetic-valve endocarditis人工瓣膜心内膜炎118. postoperative sternal wound术后胸骨损伤119. Sinusitis 鼻窦炎120. peritonitis腹膜炎121. pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎122. skin and soft tissue infection皮肤与软组织感染123. septic arthritis脓毒性关节炎124. pancreatitis胰腺炎125. fever and respiratory tract symptoms preceded the radiographic appearance of the infiltrate高烧和呼吸道症状先于影像学渗出出现126. Pleural effusion胸腔积液127. opacities不透明128. abscesses脓肿129. radiographic improvement lags behind clinical improvement by several days影像学改善迟于临床症状改善若干天130. Complete clearing of infiltrates requires 14 months病灶彻底清除需1-4个月131. long-standing cardiomegaly长期心肌扩大132. rounded opacities圆形不透明影133. the Legionella urinary antigen test泌尿系统军团菌抗原检测134. L. pneumophila serogroup 1嗜肺军团菌血清型1135. bronchoscopy specimens支气管镜标本136. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid支气管肺泡灌洗液137. Thoracentesis胸腔穿刺术138. direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) staining直接荧光抗体染色139. culture for 35 days is required细菌需要3-5天培养140. Antibody testing of both acute- and convalescent-phase sera is necessary急性期和恢复期需要啊做血清抗体检验141. A fourfold rise in titer is diagnostic滴度升高4倍可确诊142. an intracellular pathogen细胞内病原143. attain high intracellular concentrations能够在细胞内得到高浓度144. macrolides (especially azithromycin)大环内脂类（阿奇霉素）145. respiratoryquinolones呼吸喹诺酮146. monotherapy单药治疗（即可有效）147. erythromycin红霉素148. once- or twice-daily dosing一日一次或二次给药149. Quinolones are the preferred antibiotics for transplant reci