老子-道家思想-英文PPtPPT课件.ppt

NAME Name LiEr 李耳 LiDan 李聃 Courtesyname BoYang 伯阳 史记 卷063 老子列传 老子者 楚苦县厉乡曲仁里人也 姓李氏 名耳 字聃 周守藏室之史也 史记正义 老子 楚国苦县厉乡曲仁里人也 姓李 名耳 字伯阳 一名重耳 外字聃 身长八尺八寸 黄色美眉 长耳大目 广额疏齿 方口厚唇 日月角悬 鼻有双柱 周时人 李母怀胎八十一年而生 1 Taoism 2 LaoziandTaoism 3 LuXunsaid ChinarootsdeepinTaoism IfonewantstocomprehendChinesehistoryandculture onemustcomprehendTaoismfirst 4 YinandYang 5 TheYin Yangsymbolisoneoftheoldestandbest knownlifesymbolsintheworld butfewunderstanditsfullmeaning ItrepresentsoneofthemostfundamentalandprofoundtheoriesofancientTaoistphilosophy Atitsheartarethetwopolesofexistence whichareoppositebutcomplementary 6 Thelight whiteYangmovingupblendsintothedark blackYinmovingdown YinandYangaredependentopposingforcesthatflowinanaturalcycle alwaysseekingbalance Thoughtheyareopposing theyarenotinoppositiontooneanother AspartoftheTao theyaremerelytwoaspectsofasinglereality Eachcontainstheseedoftheother whichiswhyweseeablackspotofYininthewhiteYangandviceversa Theydonotmerelyreplaceeachotherbutactuallybecomeeachotherthroughtheconstantflowoftheuniverse 7 Thesymbolisavisualdepictionoftheintertwineddualityofallthingsinnature acommonthemeinTaoism ItisbelievedtobederivedfromtheTaijitu DiagramoftheUltimatePower 8 Yinyangarecomplementaryoppositeswithinagreaterwhole Everythinghasbothyinandyangaspects althoughyinoryangelementsmaymanifestmorestronglyindifferentobjectsoratdifferenttimes 9 Yinyangconstantlyinteracts neverexistinginabsolutestasis TheconceptofyinandyangisoftensymbolizedbyvariousformsoftheTaijitusymbol forwhichitisprobablybestknowninwesterncultures 10 Thenatureofyin yang InTaoistphilosophy yinandyangarisetogetherfromaninitialquiescenceoremptiness wuji sometimessymbolizedbyanemptycircle andcontinuemovingintandem 双 untilquiescence 静止 isreachedagain 11 Yinandyangarealwaysoppositeandequalqualities Further wheneveronequalityreachesitspeak itwillnaturallybegintotransformintotheoppositequality forexample grainthatreachesitsfullheightinsummer fullyyang willproduceseedsanddiebackinwinter fullyyin inanendlesscycle 12 Itisimpossibletotalkaboutyinoryangwithoutsomereferencetotheopposite sinceyinandyangareboundtogetheraspartsofamutualwhole i e youcannothavethebackofahandwithoutthefront Awaytoillustratethisideaistopostulatethenotionofaracewithonlymenoronlywomen thisracewoulddisappearinasinglegeneration Yet menandwomentogethercreatenewgenerationsthatallowtheracetheymutuallycreate andmutuallycomefrom tosurvive Theinteractionofthetwogivesbirthtothings 13 Yinandyangtransformeachother likeanundertow 回头浪 intheocean everyadvanceiscomplementedbyaretreat andeveryrisetransformsintoafall Thus aseedwillsproutfromtheearthandgrowupwardstowardsthesky anintrinsicallyyangmovement Then whenitreachesitsfullpotentialheight itwillfall 14 道生一 一生二 二生三 三生万物 万物负阴而抱阳 冲气以为和 OutofTao Oneisborn OutofOne Two OutofTwo Three OutofThree thecreateduniverse Thecreateduniversecarriestheyinatitsbackandtheyanginfront Throughtheunionofthepervadingprinciplesitreachesharmony 15 PhilosophicalTaoism speaksofapermanentTaointhewaythatsomeWesternreligionsspeakofGod TheTaoisconsideredunnamedandunknowable theessentialunifyingelementofallthatis Byshunningeveryearthlydistraction theTaoistisabletoconcentrateonlifeitself Eventuallythehopeistobecomeimmortal 16 Wu wei Wu weiliterallymeans non action butitdoesn tmeandon tevermove ItmeanstoalwaysactinaccordancewiththeDao andnottodothingsthatdon t gowiththeflow Waterdoesnotflowuphill doesit No italwaysflowsdownhill italwaysfindsthepathofleastresistance asdoesagoodDaoist 17 Water WateristheperfectsubstanceaccordingtoDaoism Wateralwaysseeksthelowestpointandalwaystakestheshapeofanyvesselintowhichitispoured Wateralwaysflowsdownhill anditalwaysflowsaroundanyobstacle Waterseemstobetheweakestsubstance butit sreallythestrongest Asteadydripofwatercanwearawayarock astreamcancreateacanyon aglacier frozenwater cancreateaGrandCanyon andwaterintheformofahurricaneortyphooncanerodetheverycontinentsaway 18 2020 1 9 19 上善若水 水善利万物而不争Thebestofmenislikewater WaterbenefitsallthingsAnddoesnotcompetewiththem 20 天下之至柔 驰骋天下之至坚 ThesoftestsubstanceoftheworldGoesthroughthehardest 21 天下莫柔弱于水 而攻坚强者莫之能胜 以其无以易之 弱之胜强 柔之胜刚 天下莫不知 莫能行 ThereisnothingweakerthanwaterButnoneissuperiortoitinovercomingthehard Forwhichthereisnosubstitute ThatweaknessovercomesstrengthAndgentlenessovercomesrigidity Noonedoesnotknow Noonecanputintopractice 22 大成若缺 其用不弊 大盈若冲 其用不穷 大直若屈 大巧若拙 大辩若讷 躁胜寒 静胜热 清静为天下正 Thehighestperfectionislikeimperfection Anditsuseisneverimpaired Thegreatestabundanceseemsmeager Anditsusewillneverfail Whatsmoststraightappearsdevious Thegreatestskillappearsclumsiness Thegreatesteloquenceseemslikestuttering Movementovercomescold But keepingstillovercomesheat Whoiscalmandquietbecomestheguidefortheuniverse 23 道生之 德畜之 长之育之 亭之毒之 养之覆之 生而不有 为而不恃 长而不宰 是谓玄德 Taogivesthembirth Teh character fostersthem Makesthemgrow developsthem Givesthemaharbor aplacetodwellinpeace Feedsthemandshelterthem Itgivesthembirthanddoesnotownthem Acts helps anddoesnotappropriatethem Issuperior anddoesnotcontrolthem ThisistheMysticVirtue 刘备 字玄德 24 祸兮 福之所倚 福兮 祸之所伏 孰知其极 其无正 正复为奇 善复为妖 Disasteristheavenueoffortune And fortuneistheconcealmentfordisaster Whowouldbeabletoknowitsultimateresults Asitis therewouldneverbethenormal Butthenormalwould immediately reverttothedeceitful 25 江海所以能为百谷王者 以其善下之 故能为百谷王 HowdidthegreatriversandseasbecometheLordsoftheravines Bybeinggoodatkeepinglow ThatwashowtheybecameLordsoftheRavines 26 是以圣人欲上民 必以言下之 欲先民 必以身后之 是以圣人居上而民不重 居前而民不害 Thereforeinordertobethechiefamongthepeople Onemustspeakliketheirinferiors Inordertobeforemostamongthepeople Onemustwalkbehindthem ThusitisthattheSagestaysabove Andthepeopledonotfeelhisweight Walksinfront Andthepeopledonotwishhimharm 27 善为士者 不武 善战者 不怒 善胜敌者 不与 善用人者 为之下 是谓不争之德 是谓用人之力 是谓配天 古之极 Thebravesoldierisnotviolent Thegoodfighterdoesnotlosehistemper Thegreatconquerordoesnotfight onsmallissues Thegooduserofmenplaceshimselfbelowothers Thisisthevirtueofnot contending Iscalledthecapacitytousemen IsreachingtotheheightofbeingMatedtoHeaven towhatwasofold 28 天之道 不争而善胜 不言而善应 不召而自来 姗然而善谋 天网恢恢 疏而不失 Heaven sWay Tao isgoodatconquestwithoutstrife Rewarding viceandvirtue withoutwords Makingitsappearancewithoutcall Achievingresultswithoutobviousdesign Theheaven snetisbroadandwide Withbigmeshes yetlettingnothingslipthrough 29 人之生也柔弱 其死也坚强 草木之生也柔脆 其死也枯槁 故坚强者死之徒 柔弱者生之徒 Whenmanisliving heistenderandweak Atdeath heishardandstiff Whenthethingsandplantsarealive theyaresoftandsupple Whentheyaredead theyarebrittleanddry Thereforehardnessandstiffnessarethecompanionsofdeath Andsoftnessandgentlenessarethecompanionsoflife 30 是以天下乐推而不厌 以其不争 故天下莫能与之争 Then