点亮你的游戏世界：加入灯光效果,游戏大变样.doc

Light Up Your World: How Lighting Makes All the Difference for Games点亮你的游戏世界：加入灯光效果，游戏大变样 无论你是想创建一个精彩的科幻射击游戏还是冒险游戏，灯光在游戏开发过程中都是必不可少的。为你的游戏设定好适宜的情景，取决于灯光的选择。灯光是你游戏世界中最有感召力的一部分，它可以给我们带来视觉冲击。Whether youre creating the greatest sci-fi shooter or an adventure game, lighting should play a critical role in the game development process. Setting the correct mood for your game is determined by the lighting choices you make. Lighting has the most influential role in your games world and can make or break the visuals. 这篇文章讲述了和其他媒介对比，灯光在游戏中是与众不同的。以及在游戏开发方面它的重要作用。因此，你可以在下一个项目中好好地运用灯光。This article covers how lighting is different in games versus other mediums and the vital effect it has on your game environment, so you can make the right lighting choices for your next project. 许多运用在电影和其他预渲染项目上的灯光原理，也同样可运用在游戏中。然而，游戏的本性使得原理的应用和实现也略有不同。游戏是交互式的，灯光可以在角色行为的基础上调整。Many of the same lighting principles that apply to movies and other pre-rendered projects can be used for games. However, the nature of games makes how the principles are approached and implemented drastically different. Games are interactive, and the lighting can often change based on the characters actions. 譬如，当玩家发出一道光，并及时更替游戏世界时，游戏场景中的灯光会根据目前玩家的位置和角度做相应的改变。如果玩家移动到不同的地方，他们将看到不同的映射及光射线。For instance, the player may have the ability to shoot out a light and completely alter the game world instantaneously. The lighting in a scene can also change simply based on the players current position and perspective in the game. If the player moved to a different spot, theyd see reflections and light rays very differently. 在电影中或任何预渲染中，这些挑战并不是真实存在的。光照是由相机的角度决定的，并设计成一种看上去很完美的形态。观赏者观看电影时，不能移动相机到不同的角度。In a movie, or anything pre-rendered, those challenges arent really present. The light is determined by the camera angle and designed to look perfect for that one situation. A viewer watching a film doesnt have the ability to move the camera to get a different angle. 通常，游戏中的灯光是通过游戏引擎中的不同内置光工具创建出来的。任意一个工具都能在材料上烘焙灯光，以此节约渲染时间。这就给我们一种灯光被投射了的错觉，但实际上，仅是灯光烘培到材质上。悬挂在墙上的台灯可以用来解释这个例子。被投射了的灯光可通过灯光调图来模仿，但实际上，灯光随后就要移除。Lights in games are typically created by the many different built-in light tools found in the game engine. One of those tools is the ability to bake lights on to the materials in order to save render time. This gives the illusion that light is being cast, but its actually just the light baked onto the texture. A lamp hanging on a wall can be used as an example. The light thats being cast can be simulated by a light map, and the actual light can then be removed. 这项技术是很棒的，它节约了时间而且能让我们在游戏中添加更多细节。但这也意味着，被烘焙的灯光不会对移动的物体造成影响。因此，知道什么灯光要烘焙以及在游戏引擎中真实存在的灯光是极其重要的。随着游戏引擎和硬件的发展，它们在游戏中都提升了。同样的，在游戏中也模拟出灯光了。This technique is a great time saver and allows for more detail to be added elsewhere in the game, but it also means lights that are baked wont have any effect on moving objects. So knowing what lights to bake and what lights to actually have in the game engine is vital. As game engines progress and the hardware theyre being played on enhances, so does the way light is being simulated inside the game. 在过去，灯光一直被忽略或只是简单地创建，没有过多的细节关注。这是因为硬件和引擎无法满足其要求。随着硬件的发展，也随着玩家在玩游戏时，需要在视觉上满足他们的预期，糟糕的灯光可以破坏一款很棒的游戏。无论模型和材质有多么好，如果灯光不到位的话，也无法与之般配。In the past, lighting was overlooked or simply created without much attention to detail because the hardware and engines werent up to par. As hardware advances, so does the players expectations on what they anticipate to see while playing a game. Bad lighting can completely ruin an otherwise great game experience. No matter how amazing the models or textures are, if the lighting isnt right it wont do them justice. 你在看电影时，就知道灯光的重要性了。场景中的灯光从不没有理由的瞎摆放，因为灯光在呈献给观众心境和感觉时，有着极其重要的地位。因为游戏尝试让玩家沉浸在更多电影般的体验中，灯光需要像电影中的一样表现出来。毕竟，灯光会产生一种无碍于环境，但看上去有恐怖感的氛围。它也可以使场景变得温暖，少一些冰风刺骨的感觉。If you look at a movie, you know how vital lighting is. The lighting for a scene is never placed without reason, because the lighting plays a critical role in the mood and feeling being presented to the audience. As games try to immerse the players into a more cinematic experience, the lighting needs just as much care and thought in it as a movie. After all, light can make a seemingly harmless environment look menacing. It can make a place feel warm and inviting or scary and cold. 灯光在游戏感受上有很好的效果；这取决于如何与玩家交互，浏览他们正在玩的世界。譬如，一款惊悚游戏，在游戏中总会有专业的灯光技术，来给大家营造出一种诡异和凶狠的感觉。尤其是当怪兽藏匿时，灯光变得更黑暗并带有很深的影子。有时候，玩家正在操作时，灯光从一个闪光中出现，这时玩家可以完全地控制灯光。Light has a drastic effect on the feel of a game; it determines how a player interacts with and views the world theyre playing in. For instance, look at a horror game. Theres always a specific lighting technique used throughout the game to help achieve a sinister and ominous feel to keep the player on edge. The lighting is much darker with deep shadows for creatures to hide in. Sometimes the light may only be coming from the flash light the player is holding, giving the player complete control of the lighting. 设想下在恐怖游戏中，突然所有的灯光都亮了，一下子没有影子了；这样游戏就不再充满恐怖气氛。这就说明在游戏中灯光为何如此重要。Imagine if this horror game suddenly got all the lights switched on. Thered be no shadows or dramatic lighting; suddenly the game wouldnt feel so scary anymore. Thats why light is so important to your game. 当你体验游戏时，考虑下你想让玩家有何种感觉。灯光不应该是简单地点亮物体；而应该是整个故事的扩展。Think about how you want the player to feel while theyre experiencing your game. Lighting shouldnt be put in simply to illuminate objects; rather it should be an extension of the overall story and experience. 游戏中的灯光能从一个层面到另个层面带来巨大变革。例如，在光晕4中，当你和船队中的敌人抗击时，此时的灯光效果是最少的。这能让你在玩游戏时与众不同；因此，你在制作这个关卡时，一定要更谨慎。或许下一个关卡，你可能是在户外一个巨大的开放区域，这提供给你一个不同的体验和巨大转变的灯光效果。The lighting in a game may change drastically from level to level. For example, in Halo 4 you may be in an area where youre fighting aliens in a ship with minimal lights. This can make you play the game differently; you might be a little more cautious as you make your way through the level. However, the next level you might be outdoors in a huge open area lit by the sun, providing you with a completely different experience and drastically different lighting effects. 在MMORPG 中，或侠盗飞车5中，灯光不是由不同关卡决定的。游戏中有一个白天/黑夜循环和天气变化，它们对游戏世界中的灯光方面有动态影响。In an MMORPG or a game like Grand Theft Auto 5, the lighting is not determined by different levels. Theres a day/night cycle and weather changes that influence and have a dynamic effect on the lighting in the game world.Establish a Light Source创建一个灯光资源 最重要的一步是为你的游戏创建出灯光，这是由灯光资源决定的。无论开发哪款游戏，灯光都来源于有限资源。无论它是太阳、月亮、路灯或是天花板上的灯光。你不应该想让灯光从没有光源的地方发出来，并想让玩家沉浸在游戏中。当你设定出奇异的、不切实际的灯光效果，这些灯光效果说不出它们是源于那种特殊光源的话，玩家立马就能感受到。One of the most important steps in establishing light for your game is determining the light source. No matter what game youre making, the light should always come from a definitive source, whether its the sun, moon, a street lamp or a light on the ceiling. You never want the light to be coming from nowhere. You want the player to be immersed in your game. As soon as you have strange, unrealistic lighting effects that arent coming from any particular source, it can take the player out of the experience.Use Light to Lead the Player使用灯光来引领玩家 正如前面提到的，灯光不应该仅是简单地加入，来照明3D物体。考虑下它如何影响玩家和游戏世界。灯光可以帮助引领玩家，确认物体或威胁，并通过其铺好的一条路带领玩家前进。As mentioned before, lighting shouldnt be added simply to illuminate 3D objects. Think about how itll affect the player and the game world. Lighting can be used to help lead the player, identify objectives or threats and act as a sort of guide for the player as they make their way through the environment.To learn more about leading the player, check out this in-depth article on game level design.Get Reference获取参考 最好的方法来帮助你们理解灯光和其不同效果，就是参看真实世界图片。走出去看看灯光，或是在一日的不同时间段拍摄些图片。你也能看一部你喜爱的电影，并看每个场景中，是怎么完成灯光，这样就能查到哪些起作用了哪些没有。如果你正开发一款惊悚的游戏，在惊悚电影中获取灯光灵感，看他们如何完成独特的灯光，并使电影呈现出惊吓感。One of the best ways to help you unders