最终版 选词填空.doc

一、选词填空选词填空是大学英语四级考试中的新题型。与原来的词汇选择题相比，该题型更注重考生对篇章语境中词汇的理解和实际运用能力，更好地测试考生掌握词汇的情况。由于选词填空出现在两篇传统型的篇章阅读理解之前，为了保证篇章阅读部分的做题效率，建议本题型的完成时间控制在7分钟内。1. 命题特点和趋势（1） 纵观近年真题，选词填空部分的文章有如下特点： 字数为250-300词； 体裁不固定，以说明文为主，记叙文次之，也可以是议论文; 文章的难度基本稳定，题材贴近生活，且逻辑性较强; 词汇以四级大纲基本词汇为主，无生僻或超纲词汇，如有则已加入汉语注释； 首句一般不设空，且一句话基本不设两空。（2） 备选词汇具有以下明显特点： 以实词主要是名词、动词、形容词和副词这四大类为主，一般为24个名词、24个动词、23个形容词、12个副词，基本没有介词和冠词等虚词。 备选单词的词形、时态、语态等无需变化，入选后就须符合原文的内容及形式要求，且每个词只能使用一次。 备选词汇中一般都有个单词考生不是很熟悉，但可通过平时的词汇知识加以解决。2. 解题步骤（1）浏览选项，词性分类，缩小范围 （1分钟） 按照动词（v.）、名词（n.）、形容词（adj.）、副词（adv.）基本词性将15个备选词通过后缀进行初步分类。根据近年四级真题，总结出以下常见后缀：名词后缀：tion/sion/ness/ment/er/or/ist/ism形容词后缀：able/al/ant/ent/tive/sive/ous/less/ed/ing动词后缀:ate/lize/ing/ed副词后缀：ly/ward/wise 对动词（v.）、名词（n.）、形容词（adj.）进行二次分类，并作进一步标注。 动词第三人称单数（v.-s）、过去式或过去分词(v-ed)、现在分词或动名词(v-ing)；名词复数（n.-s）;形容词具有积极含义（a.）、负面含义（a.）。 另外，还应注意：. 有些词有多种词性，应在该词旁标注出常见的词性，其生僻的词性则不必考虑在内。如：2009年6月份四级真题选词填空备选词汇中的B) daily，该词词性为n.日报；a.每天的，日常的；adv.日常地，天天。但最为常用的是其形容词词性“每天的，日常的”，因此我们只需标注为a.即可。. 有些动词的过去式或过去分词(v-ed) 也可充当形容词使用，因此在这类动词的过去式或过去分词后应同时标注上形容词a.的标志。如：limited: v-ed/a. （2008年6月份四级真题）。（2）速读全文，了解大意（1分钟）（如无时间，可省略此环节）快速浏览全文，选词填空的文章逻辑思维性强，且西方人写作文章时习惯首先简明扼要地表明观点，我们只需注重阅读首段及每段首末句。迅速把握文章主题及大意即可，不必深究。（3）阅读文章，定位准确，进一步缩小范围 （4分钟）仔细阅读文章，分析空格所在的句子的语法结构，准确判定其词性，从最小化的选择范围中选出词义也符合的单词。以下为常见的词性确定技巧： 名词的判断线索. 空格处前面为冠词（a, an, the）、形容词（a.）或者及物动词（vi.）的，空格处应填入名词。. 空格处后面是动词的，应填入该动词的主语(名词)，即：n. + v.。或是空格处前面为及物动词的，空格处应填入名词做及物动词的宾语，即：vt. + n.。. 空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当介词宾语，应填入一个名词或动名词，即：prep. + n.。 形容词的判断线索. 空格处前面或者后面为名词的，空格处应填入形容词，即：adj. + n. 或 n.+ adj.。. 空格处前面是副词的，空格处应填入形容词，被副词修饰，即：adv. + adj.。. 空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处应填入形容词作表语，即：link v. + adj.。 副词的判断线索. 空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处应填入副词，即：adv. + v. 或 v.+ adv.。. 空格处后面是形容词的，空格处应填入副词以修饰形容词，即：adv. + adj.。. 空格位于句首或句尾修饰整个句子时，应填入副词作句子的状语，即：adv. +句子。 动词的判断线索. 空格处前面已经有名词/代词做主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为及物动词，即：n./pron.+ vt.+ n./pron.。. 空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词，即：n./pron. + vi.。. 空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配，即：n./pron. + vi.+ prep./adv.。. 空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词，即：n./pron. + link v. + adj.。. 空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形，即：to + v.。另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词，即：to + v-ing。. 下面主要说明用v-ed和v-ing两种类型的情况：v-ed：用于各种完成时态，即：have / has / had + v-ed；用于被动语态，即：be + v-ed ；用作非谓语动词（修饰名词，表示被动意义或已经发生），即：v-ed + n. 或 n.+ v-ed。v-ing：用于各种进行时态，即：be + v-ing 或have/has/had been + v-ing ；用作现在分词修饰名词，表示主动意义或正在发生，即：v-ing + n. 或 n.+ v-ing ；用作动名词，起名词作用，即：v. + v-ing 或 prep. + v-ing。此外，还应注意以下： 阅读文章时应主要关注文章大意，对具体的细节，如举例等可以略读以节省做题时间。 及时划去备选词中已经确认填入的单词，逐步缩小范围；需要再考虑的则可做出标注。 了解句子中部分具有明显标志的语法用词如and, to等词前后的用词特点和一些特殊的固定用法。（4）再次通读全文，核对答案 （1分钟）完成全部填空后要快速复读一遍全文，对选择时有疑问的地方要特别留意，从宏观的语篇角度凭借语感来验证答案。3. 真题详解（1）2009年6月大学英语四级考试真题 Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it. They find the writing process 48 and difficult. How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it 49 English， with its rich vocabulary. Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 mansion（豪宅） and never leaving one small room. When I meet students who think they cant write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms. My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students. One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day. Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise, writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing. Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives. They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency, eloquence (雄辩), and command of language.A) closer I) painful B) daily J) performance C) emotional K) profession D) enhance L) remarkably E) enormous M) require F) especially N) sensitive G) hinder O) urge H) mission 【词性分析】n. :mission 任务，使命；performance 表现，表演；profession 职业，专业 v. : enhance 提高，增强；hinder 阻碍，打扰；require 需要，要求；urge 催促 adj. :closer 更近的；daily每日的，日常的； emotional 情感的；enormous巨大的；painful痛苦的；sensitive敏感的adv. :especially特别，尤其；remarkably显著地，引人瞩目地【题目详解】47. M介于assignments和it直接，可以判断此处应为一个及物动词原形作谓语，根据句意，require为最佳选项。48. I 根据and前后，词义相近，词性相仿，判断此空应为有贬义的形容词，所以选painful。49. F此空所缺并非句子的必要成分，并且在破折号之后，此处应为副词，remarkably显然不符合句意，所以应为especially。50. E 空白处在an 之后，名词mansion之前，所以肯定此空不仅是个形容词而且是一个以元音开头的形容词，选项中只有enormous和emotional 符合选项要求，而修饰豪宅的形容词，emotional不符合选项，所以选enormous。51. H 根据下一句 “My task is”可知此空应为和task类似的名词，即mission。52. D此空介于to和development之间，应为及物动词原形，根据句意应为“促进的发展”，因此应选择enhance。53. B此空位于be done之后，应为副词。especially显然不合适，只能选remarkably。54. J 根据and前后，词义相近，词性相仿，判断此空应为confidence一样的名词，根据句意，应为performance。55. C此空应为形容词，而前面的academic指学术上, political指政治方面，而且后一句中也提到了love letter，因此应为emotional, 情感方面。56. A根据句意，此处应为形容词， closer最恰当。温馨小提示： 在考场上，如果大家能够熟练应用课堂上所涉及的词缀词性知识进行判断，就会发现所给题目单词都很符合规律。比如，以-sion, -ment, -mance为结尾的词，一般为名词，就可判断H）mission J) performance K) profession 为名词；同理-ly结尾为副词，-tional, -ous, -ful, -tive等结尾为形容词。 所给题目多数考查备选单词最常用意思，因此，daily我们只需判定为adj.而不需要考虑到其n. 和adv.的形式。 同样地，urge则判定为v.而不必考虑其 n. 的形式。（2）2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural 47 for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn 48 to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to 49 from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a 50 of human experiences and come to 51 other ways of thought and living. And while 52 their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the 53 in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own. Books provide 54 material for readers imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books 55 their outlooks, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure 56 . The social and educational significance of the readers books cannot be overestimated in an academic library. A) abundant I) establishing B) characters J) narrow C) communicatingK) naturally D) completely L) personnel E) derive M) properly F) desire N) respect G) diversity O) widen H) escape 【词性分析】n. :characters性格，特征，人物；desire愿望，要求；diversity差异，多样性；escape逃脱，避开；personnel人员，职员；respect尊重，尊敬v. : communicating沟通（v-ing）；derive得自于，起源于；desire渴望，需求；escape逃脱，避开；establishing建立（v-ing）；respect尊重，尊敬；widen加宽，拓宽 adj. : abundant丰富的，充裕的；narrow狭窄的adv. : completely完全地，彻底地；naturally自然地；properly适当地，完全地【题目详解】47. F空格前为形容词，故此处要填名词，根据文义，填desire，意为“人们对书本有天然的需要”。48. K空格位于固定搭配turn to之间，因此应为副词，三个候选副词中，只有naturally符合文义，意为“读者自然会转向书本”。49. H空格前面为不定式to,可知此处要填一个动词（原形），根据只有escape, derive两个词可与后面的介词from搭配, 再根据下文意思，应当选escape，整句话的意思是“他们与他人分享经验的渴望，及他们逃离自身有限环境的需求，指引他们在书本中寻找思想和灵魂的食粮”。50. G空格前面有不定冠词a，应填入名词，根据意思和搭配，我们选择diversity （a diversity of 许多）。51. N空格前面为动词不定式，后面为名词，因此应填入动词原形，根据文义选择respect，意为“他们会看到人类经验的多样性，并开始尊重其他思维方式及生活方式”。52. I空格前为引导从句的连词while ,后面为以名词，我们判断此处要填入非谓语动词，根据文义，应选establishing，意思是“在建立他们自己和生活的关系以及对生活的回应时”。53. B空格前有定冠词the, 后为介词短语，空格又处在句子主语位置，我们判断此处要填一个名词，根据文义应选择characters才和后面的stories有关联，意为“读者往往发现故事中的角色会经历相似的调整”。54. A此空的前面是动词，后面是一个名词，我们判断此处要填一个形容词修饰material，应选abundant。本句的意思为“书本为读者展开想象提供充足的材料”。55. O此空位于两个名词之间，并且后面是名词outlook“眼界，视野”，故此处选动词widen是最佳选择。56. M此空在动宾短语use leisure后面，应填入副词，根据文义，选择properly。整句话的意思为“当他们有了丰富的想象力的时候，书本会拓宽他们的眼界，培养一种寻求客观事实的态度，并且训练他们恰当地利用空闲时间”。温馨小提示：在开始选词填空之前，浏览一下文章并了解一下文章大意是必要的，尤其是要特别关注文章的第一句和各段的首句。因为西人写文章惯用演绎法，喜欢先把自己要说的意思用一句话概括出来，然后再铺陈论证。这篇短文就是用演绎法展开论述的一个典型。文章的前两句开宗明义，点明主题：没有书籍的生活是不完整的生活。书籍影响人们生活的深度和宽度。接下来围绕主题展开结构条理清晰的论述：1. 提供丰富的材料 Books provide abundant material for readers imagination （第54题）。 2. 描绘了多姿多彩的人生 they are presented with a diversity of human experiences （第50题）。 3. 拓展人的视野 books widen their outlook （第55题）。 4. 帮你逃避了现实的局限their need to escape from their own limited environment（第49题）。（3）2008年6月大学英语四级考试真题Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly 47 to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was 48 to a little college French.I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, 49 unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up 50 and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable 51 I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you cant learn if you dont try. So I accepted the assignment.There were some bad 52 . But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guiders or even 53 bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition 54 . But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.Ive learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a 55 . And I know Ill go on doing such things. Its not because Im braver or more daring than others. Im not. But Ill accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can 56 wonders.A) accomplish I) manufacture B) advanced J) moments C) balloonK) news D) claim L) reduced E) constantly M) regret F) declare N) scary G) interviews O) totally H) limited 【词性分析】n. : balloon气球；interviews面试，采访（n.-s）；manufacture制造；moments时刻，瞬间（n.-s）；regret遗憾，悔恨v. : accomplish完成，实现；advanced前进，提前（v-ed）；claim主张，声称，要求；declare宣告，声明，断言；limited限制（v-ed）；manufacture制造，加工；reduced减少（v-ed）；regret感到遗憾、懊悔 adj. : advanced先进的，高级的，提前预约的；limited有限的；reduced减少的，简化的；scary引起惊慌的adv. : constantly不变地，经常地，坚持不懈地；totally完全地【题目详解】47. D根据语法判断此处应为动词原形，且可与to搭配。根据文义，填claim。48. H空格处可填入动词的过去分词或是形容词，四个候选词中，只有limited符合文义，be limited to意为“仅限于”。49. O根据语法结构判断此句不缺少任何必要成分，而空格后面为形容词unfamiliar,可知此处要填一个副词，在两个备选副词中只有totally符合文义。50. G空格前面为动词短语，因此应填入名词，根据意思interviews最为合适。51. M空格前面为with 引导的介词短语，位于形容词considerable之后，同时根据此句的前半部分“seemed impossible”可以判定空格处应填入带有负面意思的名词，因此选regret。52. J空格位于存在句型“there be”中的后置主语位置上，应为名词，根据前面的be动词“were”可判断应填入名词复数，综合考虑句意moments为最佳选项。53. B空格位于名词前，应填入形容词，根据句意应选择advanced，意为“提前预约”。54. N此空位于be动词之后，我们判断此处要填一个形容词。根据后一句的“but”可知此句后下文构成转折关系，后一句的观点是积极的，因此此处应为具有消极意义的形容词，scary（可怕的）为最佳选择。55. C此空前面为不定冠词“a”,因此应填入可数名词单数，与“regret”相比，显然balloon更合乎句意，况且前面题目中已经使用了regret。56. A此空位于情态动词can与名词wonders之间，必定填入及物动词原形。根据句意应填入accomplish，意为“创造、实现奇迹”。（4）2007年12月大学英语四级考试真题As war spreads to many corners of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education 47 . The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the 48 of peacemakers. The Childrens Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated(提名) for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. Groups of children 49 as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known a The Schools of Peace.The classroom 50 opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with 51 , peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step 52 toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are 53 useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and 54 on starting a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to childrens rights and how to help the 55 of war. Starting a Peacemakers Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the 56 school.A) acting I) information B) assuming J) offers C) comprehensiveK) projects D) cooperative L) respectively E) entire M) role F) especially N) technology G) forward O) victims H) images 【词性分析】n. : images映像（n.-s）；information消息；offers提议（n.-s）；projects计划，工程，方案（n.-s）；role角色；technology技术；victims受害人，牺牲者（n.-s）v. : acting表现（v-ing）；assuming假定，设想（v-ing）；offers提供（v.-s） adj. : comprehensive全面的，广泛的；cooperative合作的，协力的；entire全部的，完整的；adv. : especially特别，尤其；forward向前；respectively分别地，各个地【题目详解】47. K此处为peace education修饰的名词短语，做take part in的宾语，空格处要填入名词，根据文义，填projects。48. M空格位于take on动词短语与介词of之间，因此应为名词，只有role符合文义，意为“扮演和平使者的角色”。49. A空格位于主语后面，介词as前面, 按照语法结构此处原本应填入动词，但此句中已有动词studied做谓语。由此判断，空格处应为v-ing，在两个备选词中assuming无法与as搭配使用，因此选择acting。50. J空格位于主语与宾语opportunities之间，必定为动词充当句子的谓语成分。根据主语the classroom可判定需填入动词的第三人称单数形式，备选词汇中只有offers为v.-s的形式，且可和opportunities搭配，以为“提供机会”。51. D空格前面replacewith意为“替换、代替”。With前面的词angry, violent为负面含义的形容词，因此with后应为含有积极含义的形容词，只有cooperative一词符合此项要求。52. Gtake a step toward已为完整搭配，位于其间的空格必定为副词。在备选的三个副词中，只有forward可以和此短语搭配，意为“朝向迈进了一步”。53. F空格处于be动词与形容词之间，应为副词。在余下的两个备选副词中，显然especially更符合文义54. I根据and前后意义一致，形式一致的原则，前面为resources，此空应为名词复数或是不可数名词。根据文义选information。55. O此空位于定冠词the与介词of之间，应为名词。只有victims可以作为help的对象。56. E此空位于定冠词the和名词之间，应为形容词。根据文义，此处表示和平对校园文化的影响范围，因此选entire。4. 备考建议（1）掌握常见的词性后缀，利用构词法准确分析备选词性。（2）加强基础词汇的学习和运用，特别是四级大纲要求的重点实词，在平时的复习中应重视名词、动词、形容词和副词这四大类实词在句子中的作用和位置;（3）复习巩固基本的语法知识，特别注重关于词性和句子结构方面的内容;（4）平常应注重锻炼理解文章宏观结构和全文大意的综合能力；（5）掌握必要的解题步骤和技巧“定位法”，反复演练。额外的一套真题详解：2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a childs language development than mothers, a new study suggests.Researchers 47 92 families from 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-educated middle-class families, with married parents both living in the home.When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, 48 all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.The scientists measured the 49 number of utterance(话语) of the parents, the number of different words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other 50 of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.Finally, the researchers 51 the childrens speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mothers level of education, the 52 of child care and the number of different words the father used.The researchers are 53 why the fathers speech, and not the mothers, had an effect.“Its well 54 that the mothers language does have impact,” said Nadya Pan