非谓语动词+好PPT课件.ppt

区分三大非谓语动词间的句法功能 1 2 动词不定式的基本形式 todo tobedone tohavedone tohavebeendone tobedoing tohavebeendoing 3 分词的基本形式 doing beingdone havingdone havingbeendone done 4 作主语 Toobeylawiseveryone sduty Todosuchthingsisfoolish 不定式作主语时 谓语用单数 为了平衡句子 通常用it作形式主语 构成句型 It s n adj for of sb todosth Tofindoutwhostolethemoneyisnoteasy It snoteasy foryou tofindoutwhostolethemoney 5 如果要表示不定式动作的执行者 要在不定式短语前加上一个forsb 的短语 语法上称为不定式的复合结构 ItisusefulforyoutolearnsomespokenEnglish Itisverykindofyoutocomehere Itisfoolishofhimtodosuchathing Itwouldberudeofustorefusetheirinvitation 在某些形容词如clever good nice kind foolish careless right wrong rude impolite等词之后的不定式前 常加of短语 这是对人做某事的赞扬 责备或感激等 6 动词不定式 短语 做主语时 可用it做形式主语 通常是一些特定的形容词 动词和名词 adj 做表语 常见的adj 有important difficult easy hard possible impossible等Eg Itisimpossibletodoitwell It seasytogettheworkfinishedbeforefive V 做谓语 常见的v 有take require need cost amuse delight irritate 激怒 annoy 打扰 扰乱 Eg Ittookusthreehourstofinishthework Itrequiresanotherthreepersonstodothework 7 3 n 做表语 Eg It sagreatpleasuretohelpyou It sanhonourtobeinvitedtoyoubirthdayparty It sagoodideatodotheworkinanotherway 动名词做主语时 it也可作形式主语 用于这种形式的是一些特定的adj 和n 但这类次较少 adj enjoyable good worthwhile nice worth useless 等 n nouse nogood fun ahard difficultjob awonder awasteoftime等 Eg It sworthwhiledoingit It snousedoingit It sawasteoftimetryingtopersuadehimnottosmoke 8 作宾语 I mpreparingtotaketheexaminationnextweek Whentheboywasonlyfour hisfatherdecidedtomakeanartistofhim attempt afford agree aim arrange beg carechoose decide demand determine enable expect hope intend long learn manage offer plan pretend prepare promise refuseseek wish want etc 9 allow mind miss excuse enjoy doubt escape consider admit 承认 advise appreciate enjoy 欣赏 avoid finish face practise suggest delay 延迟 imagine include keep quit 离开 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 understand beusedto lookforwardto 期望 objectto payattentionto etc 以及介词后接动名词doing 动名词作宾语 10 有些动词后既可接不定式做宾语 也可接动名词做宾语 两者意义差别不大 这些词有like hate begin start love continue等 区别 like和hate等 start begin后面 一般接不定式和动名词无多大区别 但在下列情况下 多用动词不定式 a 自然界变化 Itstartedtorain Snowstartedtomeltasspringcame 心理活动 在understand know realize等词前Ibegantorealizemymistakes begin start本身为进行时 Peoplearebeginningtotakesomemeasurestostoppollution 11 有些动词后既可接动词不定式做宾语有可接动名词做宾语 但意义截然不同 trytodotrydoing meantodomeandoing forgettodoforgetdoing remembertodorememberdoing stoptodostopdoing 尽力去做某事 试一试 试试看 打算做某事 意味着做某事 忘记做过了某事 忘记要做某事 记得要做某事 记得做过了某事 停下 某事 去做某事 把某事停下来 12 goondoinggoontodo regrettodoregretdoing 注意 这组短语后接不定式时一般表示将来 此动作还没有发生 而接动名词时 常表示过去 此动作发生在过去 need require want译作 需要 时 跟v ing作宾语 主动表被动 相当于tobedone 继续做同一件事 继续做另一件事 遗憾地要做某事 后悔做了某事 can thelptodocan thelpdoing 情不自禁做某事 不能帮助做某事 13 不定式既可作动词的宾语也可作介词的宾语 不定式作介词的宾语时 介词之后一般不直接接不定式 一般都是 疑问词 不定式作宾语 I mworryingaboutwhattodonext Marxgavesomeadviceonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage 动词 疑问词 不定式 Idon tknowwhattodonext Wehaven tdecidewheretospendourholiday 这类词有 advise decide discuss explain know learn show tell teach understand 14 个别介词例外 需要注意的是 此句型中but except前必须要有实义动词do时 but except后的不定式to才能省略 否则to则不省 我们用一句话概括就是 有do无to 有to无do Shehasnochoicebuttowaitforthenews Therewasnothingshecoulddobutcry Hehadnochoicebuttowait Hecoulddonothingbutwait 15 作表语 不定式 具体的 将要发生的动作动名词 抽象的 习惯性的动作分词 现在分词 令人 的过去分词 感到 的 Thesituationisencouraging Hefeltencouragedbytheteacher swords Shelookeddisappointed Thenewsisverydisappointing Ourworkisservingthepeople Hishobbyiscollectingstamps 16 做定语 不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 Shewasverybusyandhadnotimetovisitherfriends Ladiesandgentlemen Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou 当名词被thefirst thelast以及theonly等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时 常用不定式作定语 而不管动作是否已完成 Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave 17 Ihavenothingtodobutwait Doyouhaveanythingtosay 不定代词something nothing little much alot anything等习惯上用不定式做宾语 以 即将发生的动作 修饰事物时 可用不定式做定语 Hewillwritemorebooksintheyearstocome Thestudentsarepreparingfortheexaminationtotakeplacesoon 18 分词做定语 分词前置 Wecanseetherisingsun Heisaretiredworker 分词后置 Therewasagirlsittingthere Thisisthequestiongiven Thereisnothinginteresting 单个的分词做定语 分词短语 个别分词如given left以及修饰不定代词something等时要后置 19 动名词与分词做定语的区别 asleepingbabyasleepingcartheboilingwatertheboiledwaterthesurprisedpeoplethesurprisingnewsaswimmingpoolareadingroomthechangingworldthechangedworld 20 作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词往往存在着两种逻辑关系 即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语或逻辑宾语 Aliceisalwaysthefirststudenttocometoschool 主谓关系 TheteachergavemesomeEnglishbookstoread 动宾关系 Mr Brownhasalargefamilytosupport 动宾关系 21 当被修饰的名词或代词是不定式逻辑上的宾语 而该不定式动词又是不及物动词时 应在该动词后加上一个介词以形成逻辑上的动宾关系 Pleasepassmesomepapertowriteon There snothingforustoworryabout Shehasanicepentowritewith Heboughtaflatforthefamilytolivein 22 不定式 分词做宾语补足语的区别 动词 宾语 动词不定式 ask get allow forbid prefer force announce press inspire request advise remind beg report invited command show drive mean train cause instruct require tell direct order warn enable need encourage want lead teach permit wish etc 23 在被动语态中 不定式则由宾语补足语变成了主语补足语Teacheraskhimtocleantheblackboard Hewasaskedtocleantheblackboard Hisbossorderhimtogothereatonce Hewasorderedtogothereatonce 在被动语态中不定式一律带to 不存在省略问题 24 但当以上的动词用于被动式 to要还原 Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree 不定式在感官动词和使役动词后作宾语补足语时 要省略to Withalotofdifficultproblems thenewly electedpresidentishavingahardtime AsettledBsettlingCtosettleDbeingsettled 25 表示感觉或心理状态的动词see watch notice observe lookat hear listento feel think find want like 使役动词have make get keep3 with 宾语 宾补 dodoingdone tododoingdone 26 需要注意have make的用法 Iwon thavehimcheatme 允许 让 使 Ihavealotofworktodo 有 Hisstorymadeuslaugh 使 Fathermadeakiteforhissontofly 制造 做 27 在谓语动词think consider prove find suppose believe imagine 等后面跟tobe作宾补 不跟todo Imagineyourself tobe inhisplace Wefoundhim tobe honest Weconsiderhimtohavefinishedthework 28 have get后接三种形式做宾补时 表示 使 让 叫 havesth done getsth done让某人做某事I llhave getmybikerepairedtomorrow 此外 havesth done还表示 使遭受 Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball Mr Smithhadhishousebrokenintowhilehewasawayonholiday havesth todo 29 havesb sth doing让 使某人 物持续地做某事getsb sth doing使某人开始行动起来Thepeasantshadthetractorworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashorttime havesb dosth getsb todosth 使 让 叫某人去做某事 Motherhadmegototheshopandbuysomesalt Ican tgethimtostopsmoking Hewon tlistentome 30 2020 1 9 31 have havesbdosth doingsth havesthtododone make makesb dosth makesth donemakeoneselfdone getsb todosth getsth done get 32 It swrongofyoutoleavethemachinerunning 主动 进行 Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched becausetheydidn ttastedelicious 被动 完成 Heleft leavingmetodoalltherestwork 主动 进行 Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting Leavingmanyproblemstobesettled 被动 将来 leave后接几种形式作宾补时 其中的leave保留了原来的意思 留下 但表达的确切之意应是 使 处于某种状态 33 能用现在分词做宾补的动词有 see find discover lookat observe notice watch hear listento feel smell keep bring imagine sense set Shesensedthedangercomingnear Hiswordssetuslaughing Wesmellsomethingburninginthenextroom 34 能用过去分词做宾补的动词有have get see hear find make want feel keep等 Youshouldmakeyourselfheard understood You dbettergetyourmistakescorrected 试比较 Didyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor Yes Idid Iheardhimknockthreetimes Yes Idid Iheardthedoorknockedthreetimes 35 作状语 动词不定式与分词 Hecameheretoattendanimportantmeeting soasto不能置于句首 inorderto可以 目的 HewenthometofindhisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim 结果 Shewasverysurprisedtohearthenews 原因 Ihurriedtothestation onlytofindthetrainhadleft 结果 作结果状语用的不定式常表示一种意料之外的结果 经常与only连用 出乎意料 动词不定式 36 不定式用作结果状语时 还可以用 主动表被动 so asto such asto 如此 以致于 Jimgotupsoearlyastocatchthefirstbus too to Themathsproblemistoodifficultforustoworkout adj adv n enoughtodo Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool Iamgladtoseeyou Iamsosorrytohearyourmotherisill 在某些形容词做表语 表示喜怒哀乐后跟不定式表示原因 37 主动形式表被动意义的不定式 E g Thequestionisverydifficulttoanswer Theproblemisdifficulttodealwith 主语 be adj todo 能用于此句型的形容词有 difficult easy comfortable fit hard pleasant tiresome 使人疲劳的 lightinteresting nice heavy dangerous important etc 38 在therebe结构中 作定语用的不定式如修饰主语时 即使表示被动的意义 也可用主动式来表示 Thereisalotofworktodo tobedone Hurryup There snotimetolose tobelost Therearethreeletterstoanswer tobeansweredthismorning 不定式的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前 I mgladtohaveseenyourfather Sheseemedtohaveheardofitalready 39 therebe的非谓语形式1 theretobe 做宾语 expect like mean intend want prefer hate etc 和介词for的宾语Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung 2therebeing做状语和介词宾语 除了for Therebeingmoclasses theydecidedtohaveapicnic Johnwasrelyingontherebeinganotheropportunity 40 改错 1 Seeingfromthetopofthehill theparklooksverybeautiful seen 2 Notknowingheraddress soIcan tgetintouchwithher 3 Beingdark shedidn tdaretogooutalone It 41 分词做状语 逻辑主语与句子的主语应该是一致的 否则 分词应有自己的逻辑主语 构成分词的独立主格结构 分词独立主格结构不是句子 因为没有实际的主语和谓语 分词独立主格结构一般放在句首或句尾 做状语表示时间 原因 方式等 例如 Themeetingbeingover theywenthome 时间 Motherbeingillinbed hecouldn tgotowork 原因 Timepermitting Ishallstayhereforanothertwodays 条件 Shelayagainstthewall thesunshininguponherface 伴随 Shesatstillinthechair withhereyesclosed 伴随 42 难点内容 用分词做状语时 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致的 否则 就应使用状语从句 调整句子的主语 独立主格结构 with的复合结构或 例如 Givenmorehelp theprojectwillbecompletedearlier 改 Ifwearegivenmorehelp theprojectwillbecompletedearlier 状语从句 Givenmorehelp wewillcompletetheprojectearlier 调整主语 Brokenhisleg hecouldn tgotoschool 改 Hislegbroken hecouldn tgotoschool 独立主格结构 Hecouldn tgotoschoolwithhislegbroken with的复合结构 F F 43 现在分词与过去分词做状语的区别 Havingfinishedtheirwork theyhadarest Walkingalongthestreet Imetafriendofmine Givenmoreattention thetreescouldhavegrownbetter Givenmoretime shecoulddoitbetter 当and或or连接同一概念的不定式时 或者当它们之间的关系并列时 可将and或or后面的to省去 I dliketogoandseeafilm Hehadtohaveajoborgohungry 有关动词不定式句型cannothelpbutdo cannotbutdo cannotchoosebutdo candonothingbutdo havenochoicebuttodo 44 1 WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset hernewbicycle 97上海13 A AsshelostB LostC LosingD Becauseoflosing 2 isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold A ThewalkB WalkingC TowalkD Walk 3 Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire allnight A toburnB burnC burningD burned 4 Thelibraryneeds butit llhavetowaituntilSunday A cleaningB becleanedC cleanD beingcleaned 5 Whatdoyouthinkofthebook Oh excellent It sworth asecondtime A toreadB tobereadC readingD beingread C B C A C 45 6 Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn tmakehimself NMET9134 A hearB tohearC hearingD heard 7 areply hedecidedtowriteagain MET9239 A NotreceivingB ReceivingnotC NothavingreceivedD Havingnotreceived 8 fromhearttroubleforyears ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewhetherhegoes A SufferedBSufferingCHavingsufferedDBeingsuffered 9 Themurdererwasbroughtin withhishands behindhisback A beingtiedB havingtiedC tobetiedD tied 10 Therewasaterriblenoise thesuddenburstoflight A followedB followingC tobefollowedD beingfollowed D C C D B 46 11 Theyknewherverywell Theyhadseenher upfromchildhood A growB grewC growingD togrow 12 The boyswerelastseen neartheriver A missing playingB missing playC missed playedD missed toplay 13 Mr Smith ofthe speech startedtoreadanovelA tired boringB tiring boredC tired boredD tiring boring A A A 14 Thepicture onthewallispaintedbymynephew A havinghungB hangingC hangsD beinghung B 15 Thesalesmanscoldthegirlcaught andletheroff A tohavestolenB tobestealingC tostealD stealing D 47 Hefeltitagreathonour tothepalaceball AtohavebeeninvitedBtohaveinvitedChavinginvitedDbeinginvited 48 withthesizeofthewholeearth thehighestmountaindoesn tseemhighatall AWhencomparedBTocompareCWhilecomparingDItcompared Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto AthethiefhavingcaughtBcatchthethiefCthethiefbeingcaughtDthethieftobecaught 49 Ihatetalkingwiththatguy Look heiscoming WhatshouldIdo Don tspeakuntil AspeakingBspokentoCspokenDspeakingtoUnless tospeak youshouldremainsilentattheconference AinvitedBinvitingCbeinginvitedDhavinginvitedFriendshipislikemoney easiermadethan AkeptBtobekeptCkeepingDbeingkept 50 Theprofessorenteredthelab bytwoassistants AfollowingBfollowedCfollowDbyfollowingDon tleavethewater whileyoubrushyourteeth ArunBrunningCbeingrunDtorun Wecan tgooutinthisweather saidTom outofthewindow AlookingBtolookClookedDhavinglooked 51 Helookedtired Heseemed asleeplessnight AtohaveBtohavehadChavingDhehadWhatworriedthechildmostwas tovisithismotherinthehospital AhisnotallowingBhavingnotbeingallowedChisnotbeingallowedDhisbeingnotallowed 52 Sunday thestudentsareathome ABeingBTobeCItisDItbeing stoneandsticks theyranintothestreetandjoinedinthefightingAArmedBArmingCArmedwithDArmingwithShetoldmethathercamerawas AmissedBrobbedClostDlain 53 hard you llmakeit Ibelieve AWorkBToworkCWorkingDWorkedBreakfastwillbereadybythetime AyoudressedupByouwillbedressedCyouwillhavedre