（全国通用）中考英语 高频词汇10日通（Day 7）.doc

（day 7）1. bydoing“bydoing”可以表示方法、手段或原因，此时by的介词短语多用作状语。by working hard i made great progress this term. 通过刻苦努力，我在本学期取得了巨大的进步。拓展“by名词”也可以用来表达方式或手段，尤其用于表示运输或取道的方式。i go to work by bike every day. 我每天骑自行车上班。2. afraid adj. afraid意为“害怕；恐怕；恐惧”。一般在句子中用作表语。im afraid its going to rain.恐怕要下雨了。im afraid that我恐怕当听了对方的话，而不能满足对方意愿时常用此语，语气较为委婉。当不同意对方的建议、邀请、陈述时，可用im afraid not；反之用im afraid so。 do you think hell come here tomorrow? 你认为他明天会来吗？ yes, im afraid so.(no, im afraid not.) 我想会的。(恐怕不会来吧。)拓展afraid构成的重点句型：（1） be afraid of sb. or sth.(doing sth.) 表示害怕某人或某事。后接动名词，只是陈述事实，不带感情色彩。the girl is afraid of that dog.女孩害怕那条狗。dont be afraid of speaking english in class. 别害怕在课堂上讲英语。（2） be afraid to do sth.往往指主观上怕做某事，侧重表示“因为担心后果严重而不敢或不愿做某事”。lily is afraid to go out at night.莉莉害怕晚上出去。（3） be afraidthat从句，表示“担心”、“恐怕”，这是一种较客气的说法，常在口语中用于提出异议，说出令人不快的事实，拒绝对方要求等场合。im afraid that youre wrong.恐怕是你错了。 3. unless conj. （1） unless表示“除非”时，当其引导的从句的谓语是be，而从句主语跟主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be就可以省略。有时从句中的主语为it时，也可以省略it或从句中的有关成分。the child never cry unless hungry. 这小孩从来不哭，除非饿了。（2） unless引导从句时，主句常用否定式。i wont write unless he writes first.除非他先写信，否则我就不写。（3） 在unless引导从句时，谓语动词可用虚拟语气。unless he were my friend, i should not expect his help.除非他是我的朋友，我将不期望他的帮助。4. used toused to意为“过去做；以前是”表示与现在比较，这种动作已经成为过去的事实，现在已经不再这样了。there used to be an old house near the river.从前在这条小河附近有一座旧房子。（现在已经没有了）。拓展与used to容易混淆的短语有：be used to, be used to do, be used for / asused to do sthused to可用于各种人称的单、复数，后接动词原形。使用时应该注意以下三点：（1）在书面语中used to do的否定形式为used not to do.在口语中用use(d)nt to do 或didnt use to do进行否定。he didnt use to go home by bus.= he use(d)nt to go home by bus.（2）变一般疑问句时，我们可以把used提前，或借助于助动词did。如“used he to come by train?(书面语)”或“did he use to come by train?(口语)”（3）在变反意疑问句时，他的附加部分可以用use (d)nt或didnt。he used to be a teacher, didnt he/use(d)nt he?be used to + n. / doing sthbe used to 中to是介词，后面接名词或v-ing，其中be在这里是系动词，可以用于过去、现在、将来的多种时态，还可以用get, become等词来代替。表示“习惯做某事”。he is used to traveling by train.他习惯于坐火车旅行。i am not used to the weather here.我不习惯这里的天气。be used to do sth.be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”，是use sth. to do sth.的被动形式。this knife is used to cut bread.这个刀子是用来切面包的。coal can be used to keep warm。煤可以用来取暖。be used for + n. / doing sth.be used for中，for为介词，后接名词或v-ing，表示“被用来干某事”，与be used to do sth同义。bamboo can be used for building. = bamboo can be used to build house.竹子可用来建房。be used asbe used as表示“作为被使用”，as是介词，后面接名词。this grammar book can be used as a text-book.这本语法书可用来当教科书。5. so谓语主语“so谓语主语”是个倒装句，其中的so是个代词，指代上文中所陈述的事实。这个句子的意思是：前一个句子中所陈述的事实也符合后者。在使用这个句型的时候要注意句中动词相一致。 i can speak english. 我会讲英语。 so can my brother. 我哥哥也会。 i have been to beijing twice. 我去过北京两次。 so has my sister. 我姐姐也去过两次。拓展注意“so谓语主语”和“so主语谓语”的区别：（1） 当两个句子指的是两个人时，so后句子要倒装。you are clever, so is your son.你聪明，你儿子也聪明。（2）当两个句子指的是同一个人时，so后句子不倒装。 she is a good girl. 她是一个好女孩。 so she is. 她的确是。1. how do you learn english? i learn _watching english-languages videos.a. to b. of c. by d. at2. in the near future, many of us will be able to go to work _ car. a. in b. with c. on d. by3. he let me know the matter _ telephone. a. to b. by c. as d. for4. how do you usually go to work? _. a. in car b. on feet c. take boat d. by bus5. do you think it will rain tomorrow? _. it hasnt rained for a whole month! its too dry. a. i hope so b. i hope not c. im sure it will d. im afraid it will6. “_ you finish your homework in time?” “ i am afraid _.”a. must, neednt b. may, mustnt c. can, cant d. can, not7. the girl is afraid of _ at night. a. go out b. going out c. goes out d. gone out8. _ you call me to say youre not coming, ill see you at the theatre. a. though b. whether c. until d. unless9. you will succeed in the end _ you give up halfway. a. even if b. as though c. unless d. as long as10. youll fail your next exam you start to work hard at your studies now.a. become b. unless c. so d. why11. the sports meet will continue _ it rains this afternoon.a. if b. since c. as soon as d. unless12. my uncle used a very good football player, but that was a long time ago.a. to being b. being c. be d. to be13. the key _ for locking the classroom door. a. uses b. is used c. is using d. use14. mario used to fly in a balloon, _ he? yes, he did.a. usedb. did c. didnt use d. didnt15. what was your brother like when he was young? he _ be quiet. but now hes very outgoing.a. uses b. used c. uses to d. used to16. whats e-mail english? oh, its a new kind of english. it _ save time when people chat on line.a. use to b. used to c. is used to d. will be used to17. i played football yesterday. so_ he.a. does b. did c. is d. was18. jim enjoys listening to pop music. _.a. so does helen b. also is helen c. helen likes also d. so helen does19. basketba