英文文献结论部分.doc

Sophie: 6. ConclusionsChapter 6. Conclusions6.1 Introduction6.2 Build a Model of Conclusions6.3 Language Points6.4 Review6.5 Exercises6.1 Introduction6.1.1 Conclusions and Discussion No matter how Conclusions and Discussion are structured or titled, these sections deal with interpretations of your research findings, explore possible implications or applications of the results, and point out limitations of your study as well.6.1.2 Conclusion and Introduction The Conclusion section will always connect to the Introduction section, but it does not simply repeat and rearrange the Introduction. Instead, it tells how the study has moved readers forward from the place you left them at the end of the Introduction. The Conclusion section is also the place to put ideas about future research studies. You may have answered the big questions you started with, but now the answers lead to new questions. 6.2 Build a Model of Conclusion6.2.1 IngredientsExercise: Read the following sentence signals and figure out what can be included in the Discussion section.1. This study attempted to assess 2. This study shows that . 3. These findings seem to indicate that. 4. This study did not allow us to . 5. More research focusing on (a more specific or a different) sample group should be done before . 6.2.2 Example Task: Read the Conclusion below and see if you can decide the purpose of key sentences. Here are some headings:(1) a summary of research, (2) major conclusion, (3) problems/drawbacks and other negative aspects, (4) qualified conclusion, (5) directions for future research, (6) structure of the writing.Analysis of coupled shear/core walls using a beam-type finite elementKwan, A. K. H., and Cheung, Y. K. (1664) Engineering Structures. Vol 16 No 2.ConclusionsThe Sisodiya and Cheung beam-type element is found to be particularly suitable for the analysis of coupled shear/core wall structures. However, it is not without problems. Firstly, when connected with coupling beams, it yields large fluctuations of shear stresses which are not realistic.Secondly it gives only the average bending moments within the elements but would not give directly the maximum bending moments needed for structural design. Thirdly, the finite element method is computationally less efficient than many other methods. These problems have been studied and the following remedies are proposed.To resolve the problem with shear stress evaluation, it is suggested that the shear stresses in the element should be determined from the horizontal nodal forces acting on the element instead of from the strain-displacement relation of the element. This can eliminate all the unrealistic fluctuation of shear stresses and produce shear stress results which are always in equilibrium with the external loads. To resolve the problem with bending stress evaluation, it is proposed to use the element in pairs in the form of a composite element and apply linear extrapolation to determine the maximum axial and bending stresses. Finally, in order to improve the computational efficiency of the method, the number of unknowns to be solved is reduced by neglecting the lateral strains in the walls which are generally insignificant. After these modifications, it is believed that the improved beam-type element method is a better method than most others for the analysis of coupled shear/core wall structures.Text Analysis6.2.3 Build a Model of ConclusionTask: Read the Conclusion below and see if you can decide the similarities of the structure between two samples.Sample 1:Energy-Efficient Real-Time Scheduling of Multimedia Tasks on Multi-Core ProcessorsWei, Yi-Hung (Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan) Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, 2010, APPLIED COMPUTING 20105. CONCLUSION(1)This paper explores the energy-efficient real-time scheduling of multimedia tasks on homogeneous multi-core platforms. (2) We propose algorithms for the system with or without the support of DPM mechanism. (3)Without the consideration of DPM, the proposed algorithm can derive approximate solutions if the buffer size is large enough. (4)Hence, it is promising to obtain adequate solutions. (5)The results demonstrate the practicability and the capability of the proposed algorithm without the consideration of DPM, while simulation results show the energy saving that our proposed algorithm can achieve can be improved when DPM is considered.(6)In addition to apply our algorithms to more different hardware platforms for providing more insights into system designs, we would also like to extend our results to heterogeneous multi-core platforms for future research. (7)Moreover, we should further try to integrate data partitioning with functional partitioning for more parallelism and explore how to deal with multiple multimedia tasks at the same time.Sample 2:Buckling solutions for Mindlin plates of various shapesWang, C. M., Y. Xiang., S. Kitipornchai, and K. M. Liew (1664). Engineering Structures, Vol 16, No 2.ConclusionsNew buckling solutions for regular polygonal, elliptical, semicircular and annular Mindlin plaes under isotropic inplane loads have been presented. It can be seen that the shear deformation effect depresses the buckling loads more significantly with increasing plate thickness and greater boundary restraint. Future research on such plate buckling problems should be directed at considering: firstly, other loading conditions, such as shear loading, partial loadings and non-uniform loadings at the edges; and secondly, boundary conditions involving point supports, mixed edge conditions and elastic restraints.In this sentence, the author:1.2.3.6.2.4 Components of Conclusions1.2.3.6.2.5 Conclusion in DiscussionTask: Study the following sample and understand how the Conclusion is integrated into Discussion.Cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) skills and quality of life in stress-related disordersDiscussion (1) Pior work has documented the effectiveness of psychosocial intervention on improving quality of life (QOL) and reducing stress in patients suffering from various disorders; Epstein 18 for example, reports that orthopedic patients participating in a two-week multimedia intervention programme. (2) However, these studies have either been short-term studies or . (3) In this study we conducted an extended three-month stress management programme among a group of patients being treated .(4) We found that in virtually all cases, participation in our three-month stress management programme was associated with substantial increases in the skills needed to improve Q0L. (5) These findings extend those of Kaliom, confirming that a longer, more intensive period of stress-management training tends to produce more effective skills than (Kaliiometal., 2003). (6) In addition, the improvements noted in our study were unrelated to age, gender or ethnic background. (7) This study therefore indicated that the benefits gained from stress-management intervention may address Q0L needs across a wide range of patients.(8) Most notably, this is the first study to our knowledge to investigate the effectiveness of extended psychosocial intervention in patients. (9) Our results provide compelling evidence for long-term involvement with such patients and suggest that this approach appears to be effective in counteracting stress that. (10) However, some limitations are worth noting. (11) Although our hypotheses were supported statistically, the sample was not reassessed once the programme was over. (12) Future work should therefore include follow-up work designed to evaluate .6.3 Language Focus6.3.1 Signal the Answer (hypothesis)1. This study shows that.The results found in this study indicate that.In this study, we provide evidence that.2. Three main areas have been investigated in this paper: (1), (2), and (3)All three areas point to the same conclusionHypothesis 1, that the, is confirmed by the results of this study.As stated previously, the purpose of this study was to illuminate complexities of6.3.2 State the Answer 1. It is clear from the results of this study that the speculative model of failed to hold up.2. The starting point of this study, is quantitatively and qualitatively confirmed for the most part.3. Contrary to our expectation, this study shows that XX is more effective than YY.4. The specific reasons for the failure of XXX are unknown.5. According to this preliminary study, hormone replacement therapy may reduce depression symptoms. 6. In general, this study shows .6.3.3 Summarizing/revising general or key results 参考论文Introduction, Methodology, Results6.3.4 Point Out Future Work 1. This research can be useful in the areas of 2. The chromosomal pattern encountered in this study leads us to speculate that if additional studies are done, XX will be found.3. There are important differences between our study and those of authors in 4. It remains to been seen if XX is an important factor in the relationship between5. This approach provides a novel approach for future studies.6.4 Review6.4.1 ReviewIn the Conclusion, you are expected to give a summary of:1.2.3.4.5.6.4.2 Ineffective Conclusions1. Too long.2. Too much detail. 3. Failure to comment on larger, more significant issues. 4. Failure to reveal the complexities of a conclusion or situation. 5. Lack of a concise summary of what was learned. 6. Failure to match the objectives of the research. 6.5 Exercises6.5.1 Exercise 1Task: Analyze the passage below and try to write down the sketch-outline of the Conclusion section. Whats more, think about why the heading for this section is “summary and conclusion”.Assessing model state and forecasts variation in hydrologic data AssimilationJos Samuel, et.al. (Canada, Australia, USA) Journal of Hydrology 513 (2014) 1271413. Results and Discussion4. Summary and conclusions(1) Data assimilation has been widely used in hydrological models to improve soil moisture model state and subsequent streamflow estimates. (2) However, due to data unavailability or poor quality of soil moisture data, the state variables are not usually evaluated in hydrological DA particularly, for streamflow assimilation. For example, assimilation of streamflow can produce accurate streamflow estimates; however, the variations of soil moisture could not be accurately estimated. (3) In this study, using observed streamflow and/or soil moisture data in DA, model state variations have been evaluated in assimilations of (a) streamflow, (b) soil moisture and (c) combined assimilation of streamflow and soil moisture. (4) In the first two experiments, only streamflow and only soil moisture observations were used to drive the assimilation, whereas in the third experiment, both soil moisture and streamflow observations were used. (5) As illustrated in this study, there are large differences in soil moisture variations when states and model parameters were updated by assimilations of streamflow, soil moisture, and combined streamflow and soil moisture. (6) In streamflow assimilation, the soil moisture estimates were markedly distorted, especially on the soil moisture storage of lower soil layers. That is, model states are distorted in favor of estimating streamflow. Whereas, in soil moisture assimilation, streamflow estimates were distorted. In this case, streamflow estimates were inaccurate as model parameters were compromised in assimilating soil moisture. Finally, the use of combined streamflow and soil moisture observations to drive the assimilation provide more accurate estimates of both soil moisture and streamflow. (7) This combined approach has the flexibility to account for model adjustment through the time variation of parameters together with state variables when soil moisture and streamflow observations were jointly integrated into the system. The model can balance different sources of model inputs and outputs (i.e. observed and simulated soil moisture and streamflow) of the hydrological model and thus balance the system observations and model outputs. (8) These evaluations are important for the application of DA methods to simultaneously estimate soil moisture states and watershed response. (9) However, this study is limited to using the soil moisture and observed streamflow data with EnKF assimilation technique. (10) Further study should investigate various DA methods, especially in light of recent developments in using the variable variance multipliers (VVM) to avoid the subjectivity in perturbing the model variables (Leisenring and Moradkhani, 2012) and the data assimilation using the particle filter combined with Markov Chain Monte Carlo method which has been shown to significantly improve the effe