（临门一脚）高考英语热点专题复习 第三部分 阅读理解专题九 阅读技巧点拨 (2).doc

专题九：阅读技巧点拨一、考点精要【授之以渔】阅读理解题目主要考查考生快速阅读英语短文的能力, 要求学生能了解短文的主题思想, 抓住短文中所包含的信息, 并通过对短文提供的材料进行分析、推理、判断, 把握上下文事实、细节之间的时空顺序、逻辑联系及作者的意图、态度、观念和文章的寓意等。考生在做阅读理解的过程中, 要注意：1. 全面注意,视野开阔。文章、题干、选项结合起来考虑。2. 先略读掌握文章主旨大意，再读题干。了解命题人的命题方式和考查角度。再细读全文搜集有用信息。3. 分析细节，掌握准确的信息，比较选项的异同点，做出准确的判断。4. 推理文章的深层含义，揣测作者的真实意图，不能用自己的观点代替作者的观点。5. 阅读文章中容许一定量的生词，对于这些生词不必要花过多的时间去考虑。它们有的对文章整体理解，不会构成影响，有的根据上下文的意思可以推断出其意义。考点1. 主旨大意题【巧点妙拨】主旨大意题主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点以及作者的情感倾向。主旨大意题通常包括：选出文章最佳标题或概括文章或段落大意。解题思路为：（1）寻找主题句，确定文章大意；（2）抓住段落大意，概括中心思想；（3）抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。 facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. for example, in american culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. yet it also has other uses. a womans smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. a smile may show love or politeness. it can also hide true feelings. it often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. for example, many people in russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. yet many americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). some russians believe that americans smile in the wrong places; some americans believe that russians dont smile enough. in southeast asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.（2012年全国卷c）52. what would be the best title for the test?a. cultural differences b. smiles and relationshipc. facial expressiveness d. habits and emotions答案：c。解析：主旨概括题。整篇文章都在讲facial expressions或facial expressiveness，当然面部表情的表现形式与文化背景有关。所以，facial expressions或facial expressiveness是文章的主旨。考点2. 细节理解题【巧点妙拨】细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些问题，考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案，但有些则需要在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，比如计算、排序、判断、比较等。因此此类题一般有两种情况：直接事实题和间接事实题。解题思路为：浏览全文，了解信息，抓住关键词，快速寻找，回读信息，验证答案。 keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. if you have to take them out, stay outside with them. when youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. if you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.（2012年全国卷a）42. why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?a. to know when to bring them inside.b. to keep them from eating bad food.c. to help them find shelters.d. to keep them company.答案a。解析：细节理解题。由文中的if you have to take them out, stay outside with them. when youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. 可知，让主人陪着宠物一起在户外的原因就是适时地让它们回到屋里。考点3. 词义猜测题【巧点妙拨】词义猜测题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解和处理生词的能力，它包括对词、词组和句意的理解。词义猜测不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面。词义猜测题常见的形式：直接对某个陌生的词汇进行理解；对文中的某个代词确认指代的对象；对多义词或短语进行文中含义的精确定义；对英语中的句子进行直接的或解释性的描述。解题思路为：根据定义猜测词义；根据对比、比较关系猜测题义；通过构词法猜测词义。 the honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). the little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees nest. so, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. the honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. when they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.（2012年全国卷）61. what do the words the follower in paragraph 2 refer to?a. a bee. b. a bird.c. a honey seeker. d. a beekeeper.答案c。解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，此处指寻找蜂蜜的动物或人。a honey seeker指寻找蜂蜜者。故选c。考点4. 推理判断题【巧点妙拨】推理判断题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断的能力。考查形式为：推断隐含含义；推断作者的观点和态度；推断写作目的和写作意图；推断文章出处；推断文中人物性格态度。解题思路为：抓特定信息推理；整合全文信息进行推理；利用语境进行推断；根据上下文的逻辑思维进行推理；根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。you may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. you do not need to be strong. but you need to be quick. and you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.（2012年全国卷）48. where can you probably find the text?a. in a popular magazine. b. in a tourist guidebook.c. in a physics textbook. d. in an official report.答案a。解析：推测文章出处题。文章第一段开门见山地指出帆船运动不难，只要反应敏捷并了解风向即可，由此可推知本文可能出自“通俗杂志”。二、典题对应典题1. according to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians. （2013年山东卷c）69. what does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the lampbrella?a. its moving speed b. its appearancec. its installation d. its safety【命题意图】答案d。解析：主旨概括题。根据本段“so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians” “ to protect from possible lighting strike” “ being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians”可以得知，这是lampbrella的人性化设计，为避雨的行人在安全方面作了充分考虑。故选d。典题2. the pacific island nation of nauru used to be a beautiful place. now it is an ecological disaster area. naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequence other countries might learn from its mistakes. for thousands of years, polynesian people lived on the remote island of nauru, far from western civilization. the first european to arrive was john fearn in 1798. he was the british captain of the hunter, a whaling ship. he called the island pleasant island. (2012山东卷)57. what was nauru like before the europeans came?a. rich and powerful b. modern and openc. peaceful and attractive d. greedy and aggressive【命题意图】答案：c。解析：细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。由第二段中的lived on the remote island of nauru和第五段最后一句中的gradually, the lovely island of nauru started to look like the moon可知, 瑙鲁以前是一个平静美丽的小岛。典题3. sparrow failed to grow for another two years. until a new ceo, carl pearson, decided to build up its market share. he did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign. （2013年山东卷d）72. what does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?a. customers of sparrow restaurants b. sparrow restaurants c. customers of other fast-food chainsd. other fast-food chains【命题意图】答案：d。解析：词义猜测题。根据单词所在的语境句“consumers who already used sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them” 可知，while表示对比，前后句结构相似：那些sparrow的顾客对sparrow连锁很支持，而其他快餐食物连锁的顾客却不愿意离开它们。显然，此处的它们即指其他快餐连锁。典题4. the designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in russia. “once, i was driving on a central saint petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. i thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞蓬)built into a street lamp.” he said. （20