八年级上册Unit 2讲义.doc

Unit2 How often do you exercise?单词housework haswk n.家务劳动hardly hdli adv.几乎不；简直不；刚刚ever ev(r) adv.曾经；在任何时候once wns adv.一次；曾经twice twas adv.两倍；两次Internet ntnet n.因特网program prrm n.节目；程序；课程；节目单full fl adj.满的；充满的；完全的swing sw n.摇摆；秋千v.摇摆；旋转maybe mebi adv.或许；也许；可能swing dance摇摆舞least list adj.最小的；最少的coffee kfi n.咖啡；咖啡色health hel n.健康；人的身体或精神状态result rzlt .结果；后果percent psent adj.百分之.的online nlan adj.在线的adv.在线地television telvn n.电视机；电视节目although l conj.虽然；尽管；然而；可是through ru prep.穿过；凭借；一直到body bdi n.身体mind mand .头脑；想法；意见；心思such st adj.这样的；如此的together te(r) adv.共同；一起die da v.死；枯竭；消失writer rat(r) n.作者；作家dentist dentst n.牙科医生magazine mzin n.杂志however haev(r) adv.然而；无论如何；不管多么than n conj.比almost lmst adv.几乎；差不多none nn pron.没有人；没有任何东西，毫无less les adj.更少的；较少的point pnt n.看法；要点；重点；小数点；目标；分数短语such as例如；诸如junk food n.垃圾食品；无营养食品at least至少 at most最多hardly ever很少；几乎从不；难得junk food n.垃圾；废旧杂物more than超过；多于；不仅仅；非常less than不到；少于stay up (late)熬夜 Leave for离开某地去另一地方1.how often意为“多久一次”，常用于对时间频率的提问。回答可用once/twice/three times a day(一天一/两/三次)，sometimes(有时)，never(从不)，very often(经常)等。How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视？【拓展】词语词义用法答语特征how long多久询问时间多久for/about+一段时间how often多久一次询问动作的频率often, twice a week等how soon多快，过多久询问时间多快in+一段时间how far多远询问距离多远ten minutes walkhow many多少询问可数名词数量数词+可数名词复数how much多少询问不可数名词数量数词+表示量的词+不可数名词多少钱询问价格数词+钱howabout怎么样提议或者询问 booksarethereonthedesk? milkisthereintheglass? how much is your sweater? -20yuan. didhestayhere? -Abouttwoweeks. doesittaketogettoLondonfromhere?-Atleasttenhours. istheriver? -About500km. doeshecomehere? -Onceamonth. doyouvisityourmother?-Twice a month. willhebeback? -Inanhour. shallweknowtheresults?我们多久能知道结果? -Idontknow.我不知道。 isyourhomefromschool?-Myhouseisthreemilesfromschool. goingoutforawalk?出去散散步好吗？ yourunclenow?2. help with housework 帮助做家务 help with sth. 意为“帮助做某事” help sb. with sth. = help sb. _ sth. 帮助某人做某事 Eg: I often help him _ his English. = I often help him _ English. 我经常帮他学习英语。我帮他找到了丢失的自行车 【拓展】1. help oneself to 请随便吃/喝Please help yourself to some cakes. 2. cant help doing sth 情不自禁做某事I cant help falling in love with that girl. 我情不自禁爱上那个女孩。housework 意为“家务劳动”。不可数名词。1. They have housework to do. A. many B. much 3. sometimes 有时辨析：sometimes ，some times ，sometime ， some timesometimes 有时候。=at times= from time to time也是“有时”的意思。some times 几次。time作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时间”时是不可数名词。sometime 某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。some time 一段时间。常与for连用。对它提问用how long 。 口诀记忆：分开“一段时间” ；相聚“某个时候”。 练习： We plan to stay in Hainan for . 我们打算在海南呆一段时间。 I am sure that we have met before. 我肯定我们之前见过几次了。 I have letters from him. 有时我会收到他的来信。4. hardly ever 几乎不 比较： hard、hardly和hardly everhard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。hard作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”， 位于动词之后。This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬，挖不动。They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作，以求得成功。 He _ _. 他工作努力。Hardly 副词，意为“几乎不”，表示否定意义，常和can, could等连用。He can hardly play football. 他几乎不会打篮球。There is hardly any coffee left. 几乎没有剩余的咖啡了hardly ever是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almost not, seldom。 练习： There is _ _food left. 几乎没有食物剩下。 He _ _ . 他几乎不工作。 5Whats your favorite.? =What. do you like best？你最喜欢的.是什么？ 1.Whats your favorite animal？你最喜欢的动物是什么？ = _ 6. free 意为“空闲的，有空的”反义词busy。 be free 意为“闲着，有空” eg:：He is free now.他现在有空。 拓展：free还可译为“免费的” Eg：The tickets are free. 票是免费的。7 quite full =quite busy 很忙，相当忙. adj. full 还可译为“满的，充满的”。 反义词是empty，意为“空的”。 Eg：The bus was full when they got there. 翻译_. 拓展：be full of = be filled with The room is full of students. The bus is full of people.The hall is _ people. A. fill with B. full with C. filled of D. filled withfull adj. “饱的”。 其反义词是hungry，意为“饥饿的”。Are you hungry or full？你饿了还是饱了？ Eg：I cant eat any more，I am quite full. 我不能再吃了，我相当饱了。8maybe “也许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。 Eg：Maybe he knows Tom. 也许他认识Tom。辨析：maybe 和may be maybe “也许，大概，可能”。（一般放句首）Maybe you are right. 也许你是对的。may be “可能是，也许是”。 为“情态动词+be动词”结构。（位于句中）You may be right. 你也许是对的。 Lily an English teacher. Lily可能是一名英语老师。 =_ 9.at least 意为“至少”。其反义词为at most “最多”。 Eg：There are at least 1,500 students in our school. 10. look、see、watch和read辨析：look为不及物动词，后接宾语时须用介词at，指看的动作。see着重于看的后果，即“看到，看见”。read多指“看书、报”，这里的“看”实为“读”。watch表示“注视，观看，监视”之意。也常用于“看电视，看比赛”等短语中。重要短语1. want sb. to do sth. 的否定形式为want sb. _to do sth. Eg：She wants me to bring him some pens. 否定：She wants me_ him some pens. 拓展：1.want sth. 想要某物 2.want to do sth. 想要做某事3. want (sb.)to do sth.=would like/love (sb.)to do sth.2. be good for 意为“对有益”。反义词为be bad for “对有害”。 Eg: Vegetables are good for you. 蔬菜对你有好处。【拓展】.be good to“对好”，其反义短语为be bad to“对不好”。 be good at“在方面擅长”， at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，同义短语为do well in。 She is good at English and Chinese. = She does well in English and Chinese. 她擅长英语和汉语。I am good at _（play）basketball. be good with “和相处得好；擅于和相处”。 Are you good with children? 你和孩子们相处得好吗？ 3. Here are the results. 这是（调查）结果。 here 位于句首，句子要倒装。Here is + 单数名词。 Here are + 复数名词. Eg：Here is your jacket. 这是你的夹克。4. 百分数由percent来表示，构成：基数词+percent ，常用“数词percent of名词” 这一结构作主语时，谓语的单复数要看percent of 后跟的名词Thirty percent of the students _ ( like) watching game shows.70 percent of water _ ( be ) salty water(盐水)。5.surprised 惊奇的，感到意外的1. be surprised at sb. / sth. / doing sth. 对感到惊奇， We are surprised at the news. 2. be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶。 Im very surprised to meet you here.3. be surprised that + 从句. 因而感到惊讶。Im surprised that he came here on time.【拓展】 surprising 令人惊讶的 to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地 ； 吃惊地6the answers to questions 问题的答案the way to 去某地的路the way home7 . most students = most of the students 大多数学生1. most +复数名词. Most birds can fly.大多数鸟儿会飞. _ 大部分时间2. most of + 限定词+复数名词 most of the girls , most of my friends3. most of + 人称代词宾格 most of them / us _ the students like reading the story. A. Most B. Most o4. the +most +多音节形容词，表示最高级，意为“最”。 This is the most beautiful flower. 这是最漂亮的花。如果most前有不定冠词a，则表示“非常；很”，相当于very。 She is a most beautiful girl. 她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。8. although “虽然，尽管”。but 意为“但是”。英语中，although与but不能同时 使用。 1. _it rained，the boys still played outside. = It rained，_ the boys still played outside. 2. I get up early, I cant catch the early bus. = I get up early, I cant catch the early bus. My cousin knows a lot about geography， he is only four years old. A. because B. so C. although 9. Its+adj+（for sb.）+to do sth. 意为 “（对某人来说）做某事是的”。 Eg：Its very important to listen carefully in class. 上课认真听讲很重要。 Its easy for us to swim. 对我们来说游泳很容易。 Its very hard for him to study English. _ 练习 1.It is very important for us _ English well.2.its very nice _ you _my parents your best wishes.3.I often have hamburgers for lunch. Youd better not. Its bad for you _ too much junk food.10. by+交通工具 乘. by+时间 到.时（为止） by+地点 在.旁边【拓展】through和by的区别、through 后常加名词表示手段媒介，through exercise 通过锻炼by 后常加工具或v-ing, by working hard (by doing sth. 通过做某事)11. such as 例如；像这样。后面跟名称、代词、动词的ing形式Eg: I have a lot of hobbies, such as _and _. 我有许多爱好，比如读书和唱歌。拓展：such adj.& pron.这样的；那样的；类似的 ； 作形容词时，其后修饰名词。Tom lives in such a large house. 汤姆住在一所这么大的房子里。such和so二者都有“如此；这样”的意思，但具体用法相异。such用来修饰名词，so用来修饰形容词或副词。He is such a clever boy.He is so clever a boy.She is such a beautiful lady=She is so beautiful a lady.Its such fine weather today.Hehas abeautifulbike.Weallgotoseeit.Sheis aclevergirlthatshecanmakemuchprogressinmathexam.Sheis lovelyagirl.Hisbrotheris youngthathecantgotoschool.Ihaveneverseen atallman.=Ihaveneverseen tallaman.表示这么多(少)的名词前有many,much,few,little时,应用so而不用such。somany/few/much/littlen.(复数/不可数名词)They didnt have so much time to do their homework.他们没有如此多的时间去做作业。There are many people outside.The time is little that we have to be in a hurry. 12. spend 意为“度过” 或“花费（时间、金钱）”。 Eg: Come and spend the weekend with us. 来和我们一起度过周末吧。 spend timemoney on sth.在.上花费时间或金钱. =spend timemoney （in） doing sth. 花费时间或金钱做某事 He didnt spend much time on his homework. = He didnt spend much time_ his homework. I spend 200 yuan on a new coat. = I spend 200 yuan _ a new coat. Dont spend too much time watching TV. = Dont spend too much time _TV. He always spend his time playing football. = He always spend his time _ football. 拓展比较： cost的主语是物 sth. costs sb.金钱/时间 某物花了某人多少钱/时间doing sth. costs sb.时间 做某事花了某人多少时间 I spend 200 yuan on a new coat.= costs me 200 yuan. take 常见用法有以下几种： It takes sb.时间/金钱to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。. pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买。例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。 (2)pay for sth. 付的钱。例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 (3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例：Dont worry! Ill pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的。(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。 13. through prep. 以；凭借；穿过He became rich through hard work and ability. 他凭借辛苦的工作和能力变得富有。The sunlight was coming in through the window. through，across，overthrough意为“穿过”，指从物体的里面穿过。across意为“穿过”，指从物体的表面通过。over意为“越过；跨过”，指越过一个有高度的物体。They walked the park after supper.I swam the river and felt very tired.Can you jump the table?14. however “然而，不过”。可以位于句首、句中、句末。但要用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。 Eg: She was ill. However, she still went to work. 她病了，然而她依然去上班。 辨析：but和however but 直接连接前后两个句子，转折的意味比however强，特别表示非常明显的对比，。 However “然而，但是”。 不能直接连接句子，必须用逗号与句子隔开。 Eg:1.It began to rain, _ ,we went out to look for the boy. 2. It a sunny morning，_it is very cold. 这是个晴朗的早晨，但是却很冷。15. more than 相当于over。意为“超过，多余”。 There are more than 2000 books. less than 意为“不到，少于”。其反义词为 more than over “多余，超过” Eg：She sleeps less than seven hours every night. 他每晚的睡眠时间不到7小时。 We know Tom for 20 years. 我们认识Tom超过20年了。 拓展： less 是little的比较级，She has less milk than me. 16. none none 与no one, nobody 的用法区别1. no one=nobody，两者均只能指人，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： _ knows it.谁也不知道。 _ likes it. 没人喜欢它。注：按传统语法，两者之后均不能接 of短语。2. none +of短语；None of the food left. 一点食物都没留下。None of the books interesting. 没有一本书有趣。3. none 暗示一种数量，“一个也没有”，而 no one 或 nobody 指“谁都没有”，回答 how many 或 how much 的提问时，通常用 none，而在回答 who 的提问时，通常用 no one 或 nobody。A：How many English books have you read? 你读过多少本英文书?B： 一本也没读。A：How much money did you give her? 你给了她多少钱?B： 一分也没给。A：Who went to see the film? 谁去看电影了?B： . 谁也没去。练习I.根据句意及其首字母提示补全单词。（10分） 1.He never goes to a d for teeth cleaning. 2.Dont eat too much j food ,its bad for your health. 3.Whats your favorite p ? Animal World. 4.He watches TV t a week,on Saturday and Sunday. 5.After the accident, she could h_speak. 6.We should sleep at l eight hours. 7.We should e every day to keep healthy.8. Dont give up,a some of the questions are not easy to answer. 9.We think the best way to relax is t exercise. 10.She n goes to learn swing dance because he dislikes it.II.用所给单词的适当形式填空。（10分） 1. Mike goes to see his grandparents _(one) a week. 2. He spends more than an hour _(exercise) every day. 3. He didnt go to school. He could _ _(hard) read or write. 4. Its a good habit to brush your (tooth) every day. 5.To keep healthy，I decide _ (exercise) half an hour every day. 6.Look! Your pet dog is (die). 7.Exercise is (health) for the mind and the body. 8. Your sweater is beautiful. I want _(buy) one，too. 9. How about (go) shopping on Sundays?10. He usually study English by (read) it in the morning.11.How often_your father_(drink)wine?12His mother _(come)to see him once a week.13Her sister_(not stay)at home on Sundays.14The boy never_(eat)junk food.15We should try_(learn)English well.16Fifteen _ (percent) of the visitors (be) from foreign countries.17Her eating_(habit) help her keep _(health)18His lifestyle is _(difference)from mine.19Our English teacher wants us_(read)English books every day. She _(say)its a good habit.20My father likes reading _(magazine) after supper.III.根据汉语提示，完成句子。（10分） 1.They always go to bed early,they never (熬夜). 2.I go shopping (一周三次). 3.Vegetables are (对有好处)our health. 4.Most students use internet (为了好玩)and not for homework. 5.He plays soccer (至少) four time a month. 6.We found only (百分之十五) of the students exercise every day. 7. -_ _(多久一次)does your brother exercise? -Every day. 8.She is (一个五岁的) girl. 9.Her parents are not very because she (几乎从不)helps with housework. 10.We think （放松的最好办法）is through exercise.IV选择填空（25分） ( )1. do you exercise? Hardly ever. A.How many times B.How often C.When D.How( )2.Jane stay up late because she didnt finished his homework. A.had to B.must C.should D.must to( )3.Tom studies _. He _plays with his friends. A. hard; hard B. hardly; hardly C. Hard;hardly D. hardly; hard ( )4.Jane is high school student in the United States.A.a 18-year-old B.a 18-years-old C.an 18-years-old D.an 18-year-old( )5. _ it was very cold, _ my friend still went swimming in Jialing River this morning. A. Although;but B.Although;/ C.But;although D./;although( )6. How often do you drink milk? I dont like it,so I _drink it. A.always B.usually C.hardly ever D. often ( )7.“85%of the students in our class like English.”means “ _students in our class like English.” A.All B.Most C.Few D.No ( )8Does Antony always finish his homework on time? Yes,of course. He_ leaves todays work until tomorrow. A.also B.never C.only D.usually ( )9 _ do you use the Internet a week? Twice.A.How often B.How soon C.How long D.How tnany times( )10.How often does the train run to Jinan ? _twenty minutes. A.Any B.Each C.Every D.Another ( )11.Its too dark in the room.He can hardly see anything，_? A.can he B.does he C.,cant he D.doesnt he( )12.It was _lovely weather _ we decided to spend the day on the beach. A.such a; that B.such; that C.such; as D.so; that ( )13.There are a few_but little_in the cupboard. A.apples;coffee B.coffee;apples C.apple;coffees D.apple,coffee( )14.My dad _ a teacher when I grow up . A.wants me to B.wants me to be C.wants me D.wanted ( )15.I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in_the window. A.In B.through C.over D.across( )16.Mr.Li asks the students_in the river, because its too dangerous. A.swim B.to swim C.not to swim D.to not swim ( )17.If you have a toothache(牙痛)，you can go to see a _ . A.doctor B.dentist C. teacher D.policeman ( )18. Reading aloud is the best way English. A.to learn B.learning C.to learn D.learns( )19.I cant find my CDs. _you put them in that bag. A. Must B. May be C. Maybe D. May ( )20.Peter is my best friend. He often helps science. A. me with B, my with C. me on D. me of( )21.What about_ a rest? OK!Lets go for a walk. A. to have B. had C. have D. having ( )22.How many books in the bag are yours? of them is mine.A.No one B.None C.Not one D.No one ( )23. _do you watch TV every week? Less than two hours. I often have much homewor