xx人文xxEnglish Literature.docx

15th Old and Medieval Period1. Beginning: the Norman Conquest (1066)- chivalry2. Literary terms Alliteration: the repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry. Beowulf Allegory: narrative; extended metaphor; both literal and figurative meanings Allusion: reference to well-know characters or events Archetype: original model from which all other things of the same kind are made Black Humor: laugh at the horrifying reality of a disordered world Irony: opposite Metaphor: Old English: Language spoken by the Anglo- Saxons; foundation Romance(传奇): long compositionverseprose3. Anglo-Saxon Period- Poem Story of Beowulf: Highest achievement; oldest alliterative epic Caedmon: Cadmons Hymn (in honor of God) Cynewulf: The fate of the Apostles; Juliana; Elene4. Middle English Period Sir Gawain and the Green Knight- romance; 2500 lines and 4 parts Thomas Marlory: Le Morte DArthur William Langland: Piers the Plowman, poem and allegory; symbolism Geoffrey Chaucer: Father of English poetry and fiction The Canterbury Tales, poem; 24 storiesPiers the Plowman is considered by many critics to be one of the early great works of English literature along with Chaucers The Canterbury Tales.5. 15th century: The Robin Hood Ballads(民谣); 14-mid 17th The Renaissance Period- 【Elizabethan Period】1. Beginning: Italy; the reformation of the Church; humanism; epilogue尾声 The most distinctive achievement: drama2. POEM; free verse自由体诗; ode颂歌; elegy挽歌; epigram警句; lamentation 哀歌 Thomas Wyatt: sonnet Henry Howard Sir Philip Sidney: Astrophel and Stella; Apology for Poetry- essay Edmund Spenser: the poets peot; Poet Laureate; The Shepherds Calendar; Epithalamion; The Faerie Queen- Spenserian Stanza 3. PROSE Thomas More: Utopia Francis Bacon: first essayist; A History of the Life and Reign of King Henry VII The Advancement of Learning; the New Atlantis Essays an important landmark in the development of English prose.- Of Studies, Travel, Wisdom John Lyly: Euphues- euphuism; court speech4. DRAMA Christopher Marlowe: blank verse(无韵诗); Tamburlaine; the Jew of Malta The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus (best) William Shakespeare: founders of realism Comedy: Tragedy: A Midsummer Nights Dream Romeo and Juliet The Merchant of Venice Hamlet “to be, or not to be” Twelfth Night Othello; King Lear; Macbeth As You Like It The Tempest Historical Play: Long Narrative Poem: Henry IV; Henry V Venus and Adonis; the Rape of Lucrece Ben Johnson: Volpone 17th Revolution and Restoration Period1. Revolution Period (Age of Milton)- poem; Milton+ Metaphysical+ Cavalier PoetsPOEM John Milton: Paradise Lost, epic; Satan, Adam and Eve; Paradise Regained (the only acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf) Samson Agonistes John Donne: the founder of the Metaphysical School (玄学) A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning The Sun Rising; the Sonnets; A Hymn to God; Death, Be Not Pround George Herbert: the saint of the Metaphysical School The Altar Easter Wings PROSE John Bunyan: The Pilgrims Progress- allegory Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners The Life and Death of Mr. Badman The Holy War2. Restoration Period (Age of Dryden)- Realism; Formalism Jeremy Collier: ESSAYA Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage John Dryden: POET, Heroic couplet, (satiric and descriptive), the father of criticism An Essay of Dramatic PoesyThe Hind and the Panther All for Love Absalom and Achitophel18th The Age of Enlightenment/Reason1. Rationality, equality, and science; Neo-Classicism; Novelists- Sentimentalist; Realist2. Neoclassicism: John Dryden and Alexander Pope; Classical standards of order, balance and harmony in literatureAlexander Pope: the greatest English poet of the 18th century; satirical verse; Translation of Homer Introduce rationalism An Essay on Criticism; the Rape of the Lock; Essay on ManRichard Steele, Joseph Addison: The Tattler, the Spectator (periodicals)Samuel Johnson: The Dictionary of the English Language- foundation The Lives of English Poets; pictures 3. Realistic:Daniel Defoe: Discoverer of the modern novel; Father of English and European Novels Robinson Crusoe- First English Novel; is set in 17th Captain Singleton; Colonel Jacque; Moll FlandersJonathan Swift: satires(讽刺)A Tale of a Tub, parable(寓言) Gullivers Travels Predictions for the Year 1708; The Drappers Letters; a Modest Proposal Henry Fielding: Father of English Novel The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, human nature4. Sentimentalism: result of discontent in social reality Samuel Richardson: Laurence Sterne Oliver Goldsmith The Graveyard SchoolThomas Gray: Elegy Writing in a Country Churchyard Edward Young: From Night Thought5. Drama: John Gray: The Beggars Opera Richard Brinsley Sheridan: The RivalsThe School for Scandal- best English comedy since Shakespeare. 18末-19mid Romanticism,【passion, emotion, natural beauty】 Poetry1. Begin- Lyrical Ballads, break with Classicism; End- Walter Scott; 2. Pre-romantic Poets James Thomson: The Season-first significant poemWilliam Collins: Ode to EveningWilliam Blake: Songs of Innocence, Experience, The Marriage of Heaven and HellRobert Burns: National Poet of Scotland, A Red, Red Rose, My Hearts in the Highlands, Auld Lang Syne3. Lake Poets- First generation William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Lyrical Ballads, Lines composed by a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, Lines Written in Early SpringThe Rime of the Ancient Mariner Robert Southey4. Second generation George Gordon Byron: Byronic Hero, Don Juan(Long Poem) Percy Bysshe Shelley: Prometheus Unbound, Ode to the West Wind, Skylark John Keats: Beauty is truth, truth beauty, art for arts sake When I Have a FearOn Melancholy, On a Grecian UrnTo Psyche, To Autumn, Ode to a Nightingale5. Prose Charles Lamb: essayist, Old China, Tales from Shakespeare, Essays of Elia William Hazlitt: familiar essay(小品文，随笔), criticism, Thomas De Quincey: The Confession of an English Opium-Eater6. Fiction Walter Scott: historical novelist; Ivanhoe, Waverley- first novelmarked the transition from the romanticism to realism. Jane Austen: First English woman novelist. - realism Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, Emma, Mansfield Park, 19mid-19末 The Victorian Period- Critical Realism Novels1. Critical Realist Novelists Charles Dickens: The Pickwick Papers, first made him popularOliver Twist, Hard Times, 1854, earnest attack on the vulgarity and materialism of the rising middle class industrialists.A Tale of Two Cities, “where there is oppression, there is revolution”Great Expectations, Pip (written in the first person)David Copperfield, most autobiographical William Thackeray: The Book of Snobs Vanity Fair, “A