第6课 玻璃容器.ppt

Lesson6GlassContainers第6课玻璃容器 GlassTypesandGeneralPropertiesBottleManufactureBottleDesignFeatures 一 GlassTypesandGeneralProperties Definitionandcharacters aninorganicsubstancefusedathightemperaturesandcooledquicklyAbouttheprinciplecomponent silica quartz Theingredientsofthecomponentsanddifferentformulations Othermineralcompoundsbeusedtoachieveimprovedproperties decolorizers toclear colorants changetheappearance Otherglasstypesusedforspecialpackagingpurposes leadcompounds boroncompounds borosilicateglasses Theproblemsofdifferentformulationsincludesoda limeandregularcontainerglassaremixedwhenrecycling 一 GlassTypesandGeneralProperties Advantagesasapackagingmaterial inerttomostchemicalsperfectfoodscontainer impermeabilityclarityperceivedimagerigiditystableathightemperaturesDisadvantages breakability highweight highenergycosts 二 BottleManufacture 1 BlowingtheBottleorJarProcess blow and blow press and blow twomolds blankmoldformstheneckandtheinitialshapeblowmoldproducethefinalshapeAblankmoldcomesinanumberofsections finishsectioncavitysection madeintwohalvestoallowparisonremoval aguideorfunnelforinsertingthegobasealforthegobopeningoncethegobissettledinthemoldblowingtubesthroughthegobandneckopenings 二 BottleManufacture Figure6 1Furnacedraw offorificeandgobshears Moltenglassflowsdependingonthebottlesize Mechanicalshearssnipoff gobs ofmoltenglass Eachmakesonecontainer Fallinggobiscaughtbyspoutanddirectedtoblankmolds Mass productionismadeupofseveralindividualsections eachisanindependentunitholdingasetofbottle makingmolds Largebottlesconsistsofablankmoldandablowmold Higherproductionusingdoubleortriplegobsononemachine twoorthreeblankmoldsandsimilarblowmolds Gobs toformblankmold 二 BottleManufacture Blow and blowprocess fornarrow neckedbottlesThetwoprocessesdifferaccordingtotheparisonproducing Blow and blowprocess Figure6 2 1 Gobdroppedintotheblankmoldthroughafunnel shapedguide 985 C 2 parisonbottomerreplacedguide airblownintosettlemoldtoforcethefinishsection Atthispointthebottlefinishiscomplete 3 Solidbottomplatereplacedparisonbottomer airisforcedtoexpandtheglassupwardandformtheparison 4 Parisonremovedfromtheblankmold rotatedtoaright side uporientationforplacementintotheblowmold 5 Airforcestheglasstoconformtotheshapeoftheblowmold Thebottleiscooledtostandwithoutbecomingdistortedandisthenplacedonconveyorstotheannealingoven 二 BottleManufacture Figure6 2Blow and blowbottlemanufacture 二 BottleManufacture Figure6 3Pressandblowformstheparisonbymechanicalaction Gobdeliveryandsettle blowstepsaresimilartoblow and blowforming Parisonispressedintoshapewithametalplungerratherthanblownintoshape Figure6 3 Thefinalblowingstepisidenticaltotheblow and blowprocess Usedforsmallerneckedcontainers Bettercontrolofglassdistribution press and blowprocess forwide mouthedjars 二 BottleManufacture DifferenceofthetwoprocessesBlow and blowusedfornarrow neckedbottles Press and blowusedtomakewide mouthedjarsandforincreasinglysmallerneckedcontainers Bettercontrolofglassdistribution Typicalproductionratesrangefrom60to300bottlesperminute dependingonthenumberofsectionsinamachine thenumberofgobsbeingextruded andthesizeofthecontainer Theblownbottleisremovedfromtheblowmoldwithtakeouttongsandplacedonadeadplatetoaircoolforafewmomentsbeforetransfertoaconveyorthattransportsittotheannealingoven 二 BottleManufacture 2 AnnealingPurpose toreduceinternalstresses inannealingovenReasons Wallsarecomparativelythickandcoolingwillnotbeeven TheinnerandouterskinsofaglassbecomerigidThestill contractinginnerportionbuildupinternalstressesUnevencoolingdevelopsubstantialstressesintheglass Bottlepassesthroughanlehrafterremovalfromtheblowmold Steps glasswareiscarriedonamovingbelttemperatureisraisedtoabout565 Cgraduallycooledtoroomtemperaturewithallinternalstressesreducedtosafelevels aboutanhour ImproperlyannealedbottlesarefragileandhighbreakageHot fillingalsoproduceunacceptablebreakagelevels 二 BottleManufacture 3 SurfaceCoatingsPurpose toreducethecoefficientoffrictionReasons TheinnerandoutersurfaceshavedifferentcharacteristicsTheoutersurfacecomesincontactwiththemoldandtakesthegrainofthemoldsurfaceBothsurfacesarepristine monolithic sterile andchemicallyinert PristineglasshasacomparativelyhighcoefficientoffrictionSurfacescratchinghaslowerbreakageresistanceMethods hot endcoating cold endcoatingsThehot endcoatingappliedattheentrancetotheannealinglehrtostrengththeglasssurfaceCold endcoatingsdependingonthefillingprocessandenduse Typicalcold endcoatings oleicacid monostearates waxes silicones polyethylenesThelabeladhesiveasonecold endcoating 二 BottleManufacture 4 InspectionandPackingUsemechanicalandelectronicmeans 1 Squeezetesterssubjectthecontainerwallstoacompressiveforce betweentworollers 2 Pluggaugescheckheight perpendicularity insideandoutsidefinishdiameters 3 Opticaldevicesinspectforstones blisters checks birdswings andotherblemishesandirregularitiesbyrotatingthecontainerpastabankofphotocells Figure6 4 Faultycontainerscrushingintocullet Transportedinreusablecorrugatedshippers ShippedonpalletsAutomaticequipmentusedtocleartiersoffthepalletandfeedintothefillingmachine 三 BottleDesignFeatures BottlePartsandShapes Figure6 5 Figure6 5Glassbottlenomenclature Smoothroundshapes easilyformedSuitableonfillinglinesLabeledatrelativelyhighspeedsAccuratelypositionedinspot labelerGreaterstrength to weightratiosBettermaterialutilization 三 BottleDesignFeatures Figure6 4Flatbottles Flatshapes Figure6 4 inherentproblems birdswing and spike defects Spikes glassprojectionsinsidethebottleBirdswing glassthreadjoiningthetwowallsCarefuldesigntoavoidstresspoints angularshapes difficulttoform 三 BottleDesignFeatures 2 FinishandClosuresFinishesarebroadlyclassifiedaccordingtodiameter sealingmethod andspecialfeatures Continuous thread CT lug crown threaded crown androll onarecommonfinishdesigns Closuresarebasedonthecost utility anddecorationthreadprofilehasacurvedorpartiallysemicircularprofile 三 BottleDesignFeatures 3 NeckandShoulderAreasTheimpactonfilling airdisplacement anddispensing FilllevelinlongnarrownecksHeadspaceforthermalexpansionandfacilitatefilling Manufacturingdefect chokeneckRidgeonthesealingsurface overpressUppershoulder belowtheneck Shoulderandneckblending importantdesignandproduction lowershoulder theintegrationpointbetweentheuppershoulderandthebody Contactarea 三 BottleDesignFeatures 4 SidesThemostgeneralizedareasofthebottle Labelingstylesandpreventingscuffingmustbeconsidered Bottlesdesignedwithlabelpanelstopreventscuffing Thepanelmayhaveprominentbaseandshoulderridges Inangularbottles roundedcornersarepreferableforwraparoundorthree sidelabeling Spotlabelingisnormallyaone ortwo sidedapplication Labelingofnon roundshapesisslowerthanforroundshapes 三 BottleDesignFeatures 5 HeelandBaseHigh abusearea starthighfromthebasecurvingintothebasetoasuitablebasediameter Body to basecurveshouldcombine3radii Thelargestblendsbodytoheel thesmallestblendsheeltobase Diameteraslargeaspossibleasagooddesign Centerofthebaseensureaflat stablebottom Stippledorknurledonthecircularbearingsurfacetoprotectthescratchesnottoweakenthebodyduringhandlingandusage Ketchupbottlesandothersaucebottlesrequire heelandbasebeheavierandcontouredwhenexpellingthecontents Wide mouthedjarbaseshavedesigned instackingfeatures Containerbasefitsintorecessedcap Indentedcontainerbasefitsovercap Heeltap excessglassdistributedtotheheel 三 BottleDesignFeatures 6 StabilityandMachinabilitybottle sstabilitythecenterofgravity thebasesurfaceareaprobleminmanufacturing tallandnarrowbottleshandlingandlabelinginpackagingline highcenterShortroundovalbodies efficientformachinehandlingandlabelingproblems babyfood coldcreamjars Asmuchaspossible bottlesshouldbedesignedtobeall aroundtroublefreetomanufacture fill close andship Somedesignsareinherentlyweakerormorepronetocausetroubleintheirfillingandthedistributioncyclethanothers 三 BottleDesignFeatures 7 VialsandampoulesVialsandampoules mainlyforpharmace