专业英语模拟题(1).doc

1、The basic characteristics of modern computers are ( A ) 现代计算机的基本特点是A. electronic电子的 B. a stored program一个存储程序C. general purpose通用的 D. mechanical机械的；力学的；呆板的；无意识的；手工操作的2、The first computers were programmed in _B_.第一部计算机用机器语言编程A. high-level language B. machine language C. assembly language D. C language3、In the second generation of computers, _D_ repleaced vacuum tubes. 在第二代计算机，晶体管取代了真空管A. LSI B. VLSI C. integrated circuits D. transistors 晶体管4、The features of modern operating systems dont include _D_.现代操作系统的特点不包括A. multiprogramming 多道程序设计 B. virtual memory虚拟内存C. time-sharingn. 分时 D. minicomputers 小型计算机；微型电脑5、A_B_usually serves as the computers CPU. 一个微处理器通常作为电脑的CPU。A. keypad按键；小型键盘 B. microprocessor微处理器C. minicomputer小型计算机；微型电脑 D. monitor监视器；监听器；监控器；班长6、Physically,a _C_is a set of wires. 从物理上来说, 是一组电线。A. instruction cycle指令周期 B. sequence of operation操作顺序；作业程序C. bus总线 D. CPU中央处理机7、_ performs most arithmetic and logic operations. 算术逻辑单元执行算术和逻辑操作大部分 A. The arithmetic logic unit算数逻辑单元 B. The register sections寄存器部分C. The control unit控制单元 D. The clock时钟8、During the B computer generation ,the idea of programming language translation and high-level language occurred. 在第二代电脑生成,这个编程语言翻译和高级语言的想法发生。 A. fourth B. second C. first D. third 9、The most influential of the early computerlike devices was the A_.早期最具影响力的类似计算机般的设备是电子数字积分计算机A. ENIAC电子数字积分计算机 B. Z3 C. EDSAC电子储存程序计算机 D. UNIVAC通用自动计算机10、The_D_includes a set of registers and a bus or other communication mechanism. 这个 寄存器组包括一组寄存器和一个总线或其他通信机制。A. ALU运算器 B. control unit控制器，自 控制部件C. Data communications equipment (DCE)数据通信设备D. register sections 寄存器部分二、完形填空（选择一个最合适的答案，将对应的英文字母填入空格内。每空2分，共10分） The CPU control the computer. It fetchs instructions from memory,supplying the address and procedure needed by memory to access its data. The CPU control signals the instruction and control the execution precedure. CPU控制计算机。它fetchs指令从内存,提供地址和程序所需要的内存访问其数据。CPU的控制信号指令和控制执行程序。A.CPU B. control signals控制信号 C. address 地址 D.procedure程序，手续；步骤E. fetchs推导出，演绎出，引出(论据、真理等)： F.decodes 译码，解码三、简答题（共40分）1、What are major characteristics of the four generations of modern computers? (10分) 有哪些主要特点的现代计算机的四代1、运算速度快2、计算精度高3、存储容量大4、逻辑判断能力强5、自动化程度高6、具有高性能的实时通迅能力7、具有直观灵活的表现能力2、Please you describe the organization of basic computer systems.(5分) 请您描述计算机系统的基本组织。计算机运算器、存储器、控制器、输入设备和输出设备等主要功能部件的相互连接和相互作用，借以实现机器指令级的各种功能和特性。从最基本的功能和作用原理来说，计算机是在控制器的全面控制下，接收经数字化编码的输入信息（程序和数据），把它存放在存储器中，根据程序的要求对数据进行快速运算，产生结果数据输出。因此，可以把运算器、存储器、控制器、输入设备和输出设备看成是一台计算机的逻辑组成中最基本的功能部件。3、How does processor process an instruction? (10分) 一个处理器如何处理指令运作分为四个阶段：提取（Fetch）、解码（Decode）、执行（Execute）和写回（Writeback）。 处理器从存储器或高速缓冲存储器中取出指令，放入指令寄存器，并对指令译码，并执行指令。所谓的计算机的可编程性主要是指对CPU的编程。按照程序规定的次序，从内存储器取出当前执行的指令，并送到控制器的指令寄存器中，对所取的指令进行分析，即根据指令中的操作码确定计算机应进行什么操作。 其次是执行指令。根据指令分析结果，由控制器发出完成操作所需的一系列控制电位，以便指挥计算机有关部件完成这一操作，同时，还为取下一条指令作好准备。4、How many sections are there in a CPU,and what are their functions?(15分)有多少个部分在一个CPU,和他们有什么功能呢CPU内部结构大概可以分为控制单元、运算单元、存储单元和时钟等几个主要部分。CPU由运算器、控制器和寄存器及实现它们之间联系的数据、控制及状态的总线构成。运算器是计算机对数据进行加工处理的中心，它主要由算术逻辑部件（ALU：Arithmetic and Logic Unit）、寄存器组和状态寄存器组成。ALU主要完成对二进制信息的定点算术运算、逻辑运算和各种移位操作。通用寄存器组是用来保存参加运算的操作数和运算的中间结果。状态寄存器在不同的机器中有不同的规定，程序中，状态位通常作为转移指令的判断条件。控制器是计算机的控制中心，它决定了计算机运行过程的自动化。它不仅要保证程序的正确执行，而且要能够处理异常事件。控制器一般包括指令控制逻辑、时序控制逻辑、总线控制逻辑、中断控制逻辑等几个部分。寄存器是中央处理器内的组成部分。寄存器是有限存贮容量的高速存贮部件，它们可用来暂存指令、数据和地址。在中央处理器的控制部件中，包含的寄存器有指令寄存器(IR)和程序计数器(PC)。在中央处理器的算术及逻辑部件中，包含的寄存器有累加器(ACC)。总线（Bus）是计算机各种功能部件之间传送信息的公共通信干线，它是由导线组成的传输线束， 按照计算机所传输的信息种类，计算机的总线可以划分为数据总线、地址总线和控制总线，分别用来传输数据、数据地址和控制信号。总线是一种内部结构，它是cpu、内存、输入、输出设备传递信息的公用通道，主机的各个部件通过总线相连接，外部设备通过相应的接口电路再与总线相连接，从而形成了计算机硬件系统。在计算机系统中，各个部件之间传送信息的公共通路叫总线，微型计算机是以总线结构来连接各个功能部件的。四、翻译（共30分）The control bus is different from the other two buses. The address bus consists of n lines, which combine to transmit one n-bit address value. Similarly, the lines of the data bus work together to transmit a single multibit value. In contrast, the control bus is a collection of individual control signals. These signals indicate whether data is to be read into or written out of the CPU, whether the CPU is accessing memory or an I/O device, and whether the I/O device or memory is ready to transfer data. Although this bus is shown as bidirectional in Figure 2-1, it is really a collection of (mostly) unidirectional signals. Most of these signals are output from the CPU to the memory and I/O subsystems, although a few are output by these subsystems to the CPU. We examine these signals in more detail when we look at the instruction cycle and the subsystem interface. 控制总线是不同于其他两个公交车。地址总线由n线,结合传输一个n位地址值. 同样,行数据总线传输单一合作价值。多位数相比之下,控制总线是一个收集的个人控制信号. 这些信号表明数据是否被读到或写出的CPU,CPU是否访问内存或I / O设备,是否I / O设备或者内存准备传输数据。虽然这车是在图2 - 1显示为双向,实际上它是一个收集的(大部分)单向信号. 大多数的这些信号输出从CPU向内存和I / O子系统,虽然一些由这些子系统输出到CPU。我们检查这些信号在更多细节当我们看指令周期和子系统的接口。.Ivocabulary词汇（每题2分，共30分）（1）Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语意思)（每题2分，共20分）1.microprocessor_微处理器2.software life cycle软件生存期3. operating system操作系统4.docode译码，解码 5. stack_堆栈 6.compiler编译器7.mutual interference_互不干涉 8.inheritance继承 9.object-oriented programming面向对象编程 10. manufactured products_半制品（2）Match the following words and expressions with those similar meaning in the next column.(将词汇与相应的汉语匹配) （每题1分，共10分）a. 封装 b. 哈希表 c. 真空管 d. 中央处理器 e. 尾指针 f. 多道程序设计技术 g. 寄存器h. 虚拟内存 i. 程序计数器 j. 主机，大型机1.CPU_中央处理器_ 2. encapsulation_a_ 3. virtu al memory _h_4. ALU _c_5. program counter _i_6. mainframe _j_7. tail pointer _e_8. register _g_9. harsh table_b_10.multi programming _f_ queue队列graph , 图 heap , 堆 tree，树LIFO后进先出tail 尾 , stack,堆栈 FIFO 先进先出，head 头2In contrast to a stack in which both insertions and deletions are performed at the same end, 相比之下,一个队列都在执行插入和删除在同样的结局 a_ queue _is a list in which all insertions are performed 执行at one end while all deletions are made at the other. 一个列表中,所有的一端进行插入删除是在当所有其他的。We have already met this structure in relation to waiting lines, 我们已经遇到了这种结构关系到排队 where we recognized it as being a LIFO后进先出storage system. The ends of a queue get their names from this waiting-line relationship. 一个队列的末端获得他们的名字从这个排队的关系。 The end at which entries are removed is called the tail of the queue. Simularly, the end of the queue at which new entries are added is called the head.（2）Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage.（根据文章内容判断句子的正误）（每题2分，共10分）Two popular strategies for resource allocation are:Partitioning of resource and Allocation from a pool.In the resource partitioning approach, the OS decides a priori what resources should be allocated to a user computation. This approach is called static allocation because the allocation is made before the execution of a program starts. Static resource allocation is simple to implement, however, it could lead to suboptimal utilization because the allocation is made on the basis of perceived needs of a program, rather than its actual needs. In the latter approach, the OS maintains a common pool of resources and allocates from this pool on a need basis. Thus, OS considers allocation of a resource when a program raises a request for a resource. This approach is called dynamic allocation because the allocation takes place during the execution of a program.Dynamic resource allocation can lead to better utilization of resources because the allocation is made when a program requests a resource.1. The resource partitioning approach is called dynamic allocation.（ ）2. Static resource allocation can lead to optimal utilization of resources.（ ）3. The latter apporach takes place during the execution of a program. （ ）4. Static allocation is better than dynamic allocation.（ ）5. The resource partitioning approach is made after the execution of a program starts.（ ）IIITranslation翻译（共40分）（1）Translate the following sentences into Chinese.（将下列句子翻译成汉语）。（每题4分，共20分）1.The technical development that marks the third generation of computers is the use of integrated circuits of ICs in computers. An integrated circuit is a piece of silicon containing numerous transistors. 技术的发展,标志着第三代计算机是使用集成电路的集成电路计算机。一个集成电路是一块硅包含许多晶体管。2.One of the properties of a list that makes a linked structure more inviting than a contiguous one is the need to insert and delete entries inside the list. 一个属性的一个列表,使一个链结构更加诱人的一个连续的一个是比需要插入和删除条目列表内3.As each procedure is called, a pointer to the pertinent return Location is pushed on a stack, and as each procedure is completed, the top entry from the stack is extracted with the assurance of obtaining a pointer to the proper return location. 因为每个程序被调用时,一个指向相关的回归是在堆栈中位置推,因为每个过程完成后,从堆栈的顶部进入的提取并保证获得一个指向正确的返回位置4.As the complexity of a computer system increases, it becomes more efficient at using buses rather than direct connections between every pair of devices. 作为一个计算机系统的复杂性增加,它变得更有效地使用公共汽车,而不是直接在每台设备之间的连接。5.In contrast to the top-down design methodology is the bottom-up approach, in which one starts the design of a system by identifying individual tasks within the system and then considers how solutions to these tasks can be used as abstract tools in the solution to more complex problems. 相比之下,自顶向下的设计方法是自底向上的方法, 一开始的设计系统通过识别个人任务在系统,然后考虑如何解决这些任务可以用作抽象工具在解决更复杂的问题。（2）Translate the following text into Chinese.(将下列短文翻译成汉语)(每题10分，共20分) 1.To implement a stack structure in a computers memory, it is customary to reserve a block of contiguous memory cells large enough to accommodate the stack as it grows and shrinks.One end of this block is designated as the stacks base. It is here that the first entry pushed on the stack is stored, with each additional entry being placed next to its predecessor as the stack grows toward the other end of the reserved block. 实现一个栈的结构在计算机年代记忆,通常是保留一块连续的内存细胞容纳堆栈作为它增大或减小. 这个街区的一端被指定为堆栈年代基地。在这里,第一个条目存储在堆栈上推,每个额外的条目被置于其前任堆栈逐渐向另一端的保留块。 Thus, as entries are pushed and popped, the top of the stack moves back and forth within the