Unit-11听力教程4-施心远.doc

Unit 11Section 1 Listening and Translation1. The National Assessment of Adult Literacy is the most important test of how well adult Americans can read.2. Those who took part were tested on how well they could read and understand information used in everyday life.3. The study found that 11 million adults, or five percent, cannot read English.4. Researchers say part of the problem is that many young Americans do not read as much for pleasure anymore.5. The best readers were found to earn up to 28,000 dollars a year more than those who lacked simple reading skills.1. “国家成人读写能力评估”是检测美国成年人阅读能力的一项主要测试。2. 该测试检测的是参加者阅读和理解日常生活信息的能力。3. 这项调查发现有1,100万，即百分之五的成年人看不懂英语。4. 研究人员说，问题的部分原因在于很多美国年轻人作为消遣所进行的阅读已经不太多了。5. 人们发现阅读水平高的人比那些不具备基本阅读能力的人的年收入多28,000美元。Section 2Part 1 DialogueLeadershipOutlineThe subject is “leadership”1. Great leaders in history2. Characteristics all great leaders have in commonFor a start, Secondly, The third, the fourth, FinallyGreat leaders in history1. military chiefs1) national heroes； dreaded tyrants2) 2. spiritual leadersCharacteristics all great leaders have in common1. what they want to achieve2. work towards themwhat obstacles they may come up against3. the end justifies the means4. the will of the people; improve their lot5. be successfulPart 2 PassageEx. B:1. Going to the library or locking yourself in your room with no aim other than reading for a predetermined预先确定的 time is likely to lead to boredom.2. One way round this problem when you encounter it is to set youeself really small and manageable可做到的reading tasks.3. The task sould be one that is useful towards your final aim of getting your essay or paper or dissertation学位论文 written, or revising for为而复习 your exam.4. In devising设计 such tiny but doable可行的 tasks for yourself you are using your creativity, making the reading a personal task to you and breaking a large endeavor努力 up分解 into small and attainable可到达的steps.5. Often the motivation动力;动机 supplied by an assignment作业 or essay will help you to focus your reading in helpful ways. Ex. C: 1-4 T T T F 5-8 T F T F1. T (Reading for the sake of reading has no value whatever.)2. T (Unless it is combined with a thoughtful choice of predetermined预定的 reading task, or a particularly wise or fortuitous幸运的choice of reading material, going to the library or locking yourself in your room with no aim other than 除了reading for a predetermined time is likely to lead to boredom, so that you end up mindlessly不用心地 staring at the text, without engaging运用your brain. )3. T (On the other hand, setting yourself a particular period in which to accomplish a reading task can be helpful as a way of getting yourself to focus. )4. F (If you try this tactic方法 to help you focus as a reader, dont be despondent沮丧的if, as may well happen, you get so absorbed 专心致志的that you overrun超过the time you have set yourself. This could well be a positive thing.)5.T (Sometimes the difficulty with reading, as with many other jobs, is simply how to get started.)6. F (All are suggested in the passage except the preface序言, 前言.)7. T (The task should be one that is useful towards youe final aim of getting your essay or paper or dissertation written, or revising for your exam, but small enough for it to be hardly conceivable 可想像的that you could not complete it however tired, depressed, lonely or bored you are.)8. F (When you are reading at other timesfor examle, in an attempt to expand on进一步阐述 ideas and information that you have picked up 学会in lectures or seminarsinventing possible essay topics for yourself will often be a good way of structiing your reading.)Section 3News Item 1A: about a fat mans walk from California to Manhattan.B:The hero: Steve Vaught, a 40-year-old father of twoTime spent: a year and a monthLength of the journey: nearly 4,800 kilometersStarting point: his home in CaliforniaDeatination: ManhattanHis original aim: to lose weight after falling into a depression and developing an eating disorderHis achievement:1. He arrived 100 pounds or 45 kilomgrams lighter2. He realized weight loss was more about the state of mind 心境,心情;精神状态than body and the secret to becoming thinner was being happier.His websie: A Fat Man WalkingHis future plan: to publish a book about his experiencesScript:A 40-year-old father of two, Steve Vaught, took the final steps of his epic史诗般的journey as he crossed the George Washington Bridge into Manhattan. It took him a year and a month to walk the nearly 4,800 kilometers from his home in California.His original aim had been to lose weight after falling into a depression and developing an eating disorder. He did arrive 100 pounds or 45 kilograms lighter but said he had learned that weight loss was more about the state of mind than body. He now realized the secret to becoming thinner was being happier.His voyage of self-discovery 自我发现was viewed by millions around the world on his webside A Fat Man Walking, and he now plans to publish a book about his experiences. But before disappearing into a hotel, he told reporters his first plan was to put on穿上some new socks短袜. News Item 2A: about the first atheist无神论者 summer camp in the UKB:the US, atheism, what they think, philosophy, logical fallacies谬论, the Invisible Unicorn Challenge, live in the area around their tents,they dont exist, a negative, thinking, philosophy, scientific and critical thinkingCamp QuestScript: Its beyond belief! 超越信仰is the motto座右铭 of the organization, which was set up in the United States to counter the influence of faith-based 以信仰为基础的summer camps run by the Scouts and church groups. But the director of the camp in the UK, Samamtha Stein, says its purpose is not to spread atheism无神论rather to encourage thinking. (Samamtha Stein) The idea of Camp Quest is really to let the children decide what they think. So were going to run some activities on philosophy人生观 for children. And well run activities on logical fallacies逻辑的推理谬误. So its really a way of getting the kids interested in thinking, interested in philosophy and questions of religion and all sorts of scientific and crtical thinking. One of the games played at Camp Quest is called the Invisible Unicorn Challenge. Campers are told that unicorn live in the area around their tents, and are then asked to prove that they dont exist. The aim is to illustrate the difficulty of proving a negative. But any children who manage the feat will win a ten-pound note signed by the author of The God Delusion, Richard Dawkins, whose money also helps fund the camp.News Item 3A: about the new compulsory citizenship ceremony and test in Britain. 英国新公民强制性的入籍宣誓仪式和入籍考试B: Old practiceswear an oath of allegiance拥护, 忠诚, lawyer, certificateNew Practice1. 2004, compulsory citizenship ceremony, a broader oath, respect Britains rights, freedoms, laws, civic公民 dignitaries权贵2. a test, establish knoeledge of the country, its language1) 24, life in the United kindom, 45 minutes2) try again and again3) simple tests of knowledge, more complex cultural issues3. Purpose1)feel they belong2)ease racial tensionControversy1. have similar schemes, the United States, citizenship classes, ceremonies2. nationalistic, undue pressure, conform, build a multi-culture society in Britain.Script: For years those becoming British citizens simply had to swear an oath of allegiance in front of a lawyer and then receive a certificate in the post. But in 2004 Britain introduced a compulsorycitizenship ceremony, which required new citizens to take a broader oath promising to respect Britains rights, freedoms and laws, and all of this in front of civic dignitaries dressed in full regalia Now the government is going even further: Its launching a test designed to establish knowledge of the country and its language. The test contains 24 questions on life in the United Kingdom and will last for 45 minutes. If applicants dont pass the first time, they can try again and again. The questions range from simple tests of knowledge such as Whats the minimum age for buying alcohol? to exploring more complex cultural issuesHow interested are young people in politics? The government believes the test is part of a process that will help new citizens to feel they belong and ease舒缓racial种族的 tension紧张的状态by removing除去suspicion of immigrants移民. Supporters point to other countries which have similar schemes, particularly the United States where citizenship classes and ceremonies have long been common practice. Opponents反对者 however, say its all too nationalistic民族主义的and puts undue过分的pressure on newcomers to conform, working against the efforts to build a multi-cultural society in Britain. 多年来那些申请入籍英国的人只需简单地在律师面前宣誓效忠，然后领到一份邮寄的入籍证书就可以了。但在2004年，英政府提出了强制性的入籍宣誓仪式，要求新公民的誓言范围更广，包括许诺尊重英国权利、自由和法律，整个入籍宣誓仪式过程中，新公民都要面对全副盛装的民事权贵。现在英政府要再加强措施为了测验新公民对英国风俗与语言的了解，政府开始实施入籍考试制度。 这个考试包括了24道关于英国生活的问题，全卷限时45分钟。如果申请者第一次考试不及格，还可以不断补考。问题涉及面从简单常识（譬如“买酒的最低年龄是多少岁？”）到探索更复杂的文化问题（譬如“年轻人对政治的兴趣有多大？”）。英政府相信测试既是帮助新公民增强归属感的一部分，同时还可以通过排除可疑的移民来缓解种族紧张。 支持者指出其它实施类似方案的国家尤其是美国，其公民等级制和入籍仪式已成为普通惯例。然而，反对者认为这一方案太具民族主义，会给新公民在入乡随俗上增添过大的压力，这与英国建立一个多元文化社会的初衷背道而驰。Section 4Part I: A: B: 1. Six basic ingredients of explosives. 2. Because the dogs are very reliable. They have never had a dog out working in a field